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Multifunctional altimeter
Lízner, Miroslav ; Neužil,, Tomáš (referee) ; Klusáček, Stanislav (advisor)
This bacheleor thesishis deals with pressure, humidity and teperature sensors to microcontroller connection possibilities. The main goal of this work is to develop the recording touristic altimeter. The hardware solution based on ATmega64 microcontroller and software implementation is described in practical part of this work.
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Vliv nadmořské výšky a severní expozice na morfologickou a anatomickou stavbu jehlic smrku ztepilého
Ambrož, Petr
There were chosen three localities even-aged spruce growth from different altitudes and northern exposure at the Jeseníky Mountains. Subsequently, literary review was composed. The introductory part to the bachelor's thesis is mainly focused on the description, ecology and the influence of climatic conditions on growth and assimilation apparatus of Norway spruce in. Later, sun-exposed one-year old shoots were sampled from the selected localities. Needles were taken from the shoots and then used for making the cross-sections. Other needles were taken for needle area and length analysis. Morphological and anatomical analysis was done on the microscopic pictures. Results were processed statistically by program Statistica 12. It was found that with increasing altitude the length and the projection area of needles are decreasing. The predictive maps for some morphological and anatomical parameters were also created by the use of elevations and solar radiation data in ArcGIS.
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Vliv nadmořské výšky a jižní expozice na morfologicko-anatomickou stavbu jehlic smrku ztepilého
Bartoňová, Lenka
In the introduction of the thesis is a literature review focused on the morphology, ecology, area of occurrence and the influence of climate on the growth of Norway spruce. Three same-age spruce stands were selected in Jeseníky mountains which had different altitude and the same exposition. Samples of one-year old sun-exposed shoots were taken from the selected stands. On the needles was carried out the morphological-anatomical analysis. It was found, that altitude affects the needle parameters - needles at higher altitudes compared to needles growing on spruces at lower altitudes are thicker, wider, shorter and relatively the area of central cylinder increase compare to needle cross-section area. Exposure affects only the cross-section area, length and the projected area of needles. Using geospatial technologies have been developed predictive maps of solar radiation and altitude influence on needle parameters.
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Do parasitoids influence mountain butterflies altitudinal distribution? Satyrinae in Krkonoše Mts.
STUCHLOVÁ, Klára
Parasitoids represent a diverse and little studied group of insects, employing variety of adaptations to utilize and kill their hosts. Among the unresolved issues related to the host-parasitoids interactions are responses of such interactions to global climate change, especially in cases specialized insect species adapted to cold environments such as alpine habitats. Example of such hosts are the Holarctic butterflies of the genus Erebia Dalman, 1986 (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) inhabiting mountains of Central Europe. The aim of this study was sampling caterpillars of lowland and mountain Satyrinae butterflies, rearing the caterpillars to determine the degree of infestation and determine the host specificity of parasitoids using combination of classical and molecular methods. I sampled 39 caterpillars of the Meadow Brown (Maniola jurtina), seven caterpillars of the Mountain Ringlet (Erebia epiphron) and four caterpillars of the Large Ringlet (Erebia euryale) at 14 habitats along the altitudinal gradient in Krkonoše Mountains. It was found more than a one-third parasitization by Ichneumon caloscelis among Maniola jurtina caterpillars and no parasitoids among the mountain species. It suggests the possibility of a higher rate of infestation among species living at lower altitudes than at higher altitudes. There are many factors affecting the parasitization's rate among butterflies. This issue requires further monitoring. This study demonstrates the time-consuming sampling of solitary living caterpillars on common plants. Molecular determination of parasitoids using DNA barcoding is possible without major problems, but with certain restrictions.
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The role of wood decay fungi in the dynamics of a mountain spruce forest
POUSKA, Václav
This thesis is focused on environmental preferences of wood-decaying fungi and their relationships with forest structure and development. Relationships of fungi to properties of wood and forest stands were studied on the basis of field observations in Central-European mountain spruce forests. Plot-based approach was used to reveal a general pattern in the diversity of fungi within a single forest stand and between different stands. The analysis of stand structure provided a background for plot-based approach. Substrate-based approach was used to study single species preferences and their communities. In addition, the influence of wood properties (including fungi and their rots) on the regeneration of spruce on logs was studied.
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Population - ecological study of invasive species \kur{Lupinus polyphyllus} in the Bohemian Forest
HURTOVÁ, Jaroslava
Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. is one of the most dangerous invasive species in the Czech Republic and its increasing occurence is a threat of biodiversity of natural plant communities not only in the Bohemian Forest. Exploration of facts of invasive species problems was worked up. Species spread in area of the National Park Šumava was traced and put in GIS layer with record of habitat features (abundance per population and nature of biotope) that was consequently analysed. Surroundings of the seed germination were found. Influence of the seed germination and seedling survival on the altitude were studied. Enduring areas for management experiments were founded on the three localities in the Bohemian Forest for future research.
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Influence of years on the honey production in different altitude above sea levels
BAHELKOVÁ, Petra
The aim of the work is an analysis influence of years and altitude above sea levels on the honey production of sample localitys in different altitude above sea levels. For observation of the years 2002{--}2006 was choice five localitys in different altitude above sea levels (472 {--} 650 m). The interaction sea level and year is a determine factor wich influence honey production of one bee colony from 89.77%. On increase sea level about 100 m is speeding of the honey production about 5 kg of one bee colony. Than the direct influence one factor (altitude above sea level, year) is strikinger on the honey production their interaction.
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Morphometric analysis of viviparous lizard (Zootoca vivipara) in the Czech republic
KREJČÍ, Tomáš
Zootoca vivipara is the smallest of four species of lizard occurring in the Czech Republic. For many species of lizards sexual dimorphism was found in different characters and their presence was predicted also in this species. Eight characters were measured: total body length, snout {--} vent length, tail length, head length, head width, number of ventral scales, number of femoral pores and number of lamellae under the fourth finger of hind leg. Analyzed specimens from collections of Prague National Museum came from two areas {--} Šumava and Děčínský Sněžník. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for the Šumava area showed sexual dimorphism: males were larger in total body length, in tail length, in head length, in head width and had higher number of femoral pores than females. Females had higher number of ventral scales than males. Analysis of covariance for the Děčínský Sněžník area showed sexual dimorphism in total body length, in tail length, in head length and in head width. All these characters were higher in males. Females had higher number of ventral scales. Variability of some characters showed dependence on altitude. Significant dependence on altitude investigated by analysis of covariance was detected in specimens from the Šumava area in total body length, in tail length and head length: the values of all these characters decreased with increasing altitude. Head width exhibited significant dependence on altitude only in absolute values (ANOVA): the values decreased with increasing altitude. Specimens from the Děčínský Sněžník area exhibited significant dependence on altitude only in absolute values of body length, of head length and of head width. Analysis of covariance was not significant.
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Review of the biodiversity of tree species commensurate with the altitudes in the vicinity of chosen nature trails of National Parc and protected landscape area Šumava
BATOVCOVÁ, Martina
I studied the biodiversity of tree species along the nature trail: Kubova Huť (1003 meters above sea level) {--} top of the national natural reservation Boubínský prales (1363 m above sea level), in the different altitudes. I carried out the measuring by the transect method. I divided all the route into 8 imaginary line-levels which were distant about 50 m above sea level one from each other. On each level 6 transects were delimited at right angle to the direction of the trail: 3 on the right side and 3 on the left side of the trail, always with the distance of 10 m between each other. I delimited the square areas of 30 square meters as transects. In each transect I measured identified the kinds of given tree species. I also counted the regeneration of young seedlings in 1 m-neighbourhood of each tree. I counted also rotting wood and regeneration of young seedlings in its neighbourhood. I also took down the number of snags in this area and number of regeneration around these individuals.
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The rating of the growing foals
KUBŮ, Romana
The aim of this thesis was to judge a growth level of colts of the czech warm-blood under different conditions of breeding stations. 278 colts bred at testing breeding stations were observed in years 2001-2003. Their growth, exterior and movement mechanics were followed depending upon altitude of breeding stations, varying from 200 to 700 m above the sea level and were evaluated concerning ancestors of the genitor. Growth of 98 colts bred in 3 private keepings was followed and samples of green from 6 localities (24 habitats) in years 2005 and 2006 were analysed.
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