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Diabetes mellitus type I. and physical activity
Douša, Martin ; Radvanský, Jiří (advisor) ; Procházka, Michal (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with diabetes mellitus type 1 and the opportunity of compensation by adequate physical activity, focusing on middle age and older patients, having suffered from diabetes for a long period of time. The thesis focuses on the different attributes of the burden, affecting the daily life of patients with diabetes. For better understanding and clarity of the issue, the work is divided into several chapters and sections dealing separately with the influence of physical activity and potential profits from regular, properly indicated motion for compensated patients. The thesis also describes involution changes occurring in the aging organism, which are always necessary to be taken into consideration when selecting a physical activity. The work is supplemented with pictures and graphs in the annex that enable a better show, and outline the issues. In my work, I not only try to show the positive influence of a wellchosen physical activity in patients with diabetes, but also highlight the potential risks and hazards coming from an improperly chosen therapy. Furthermore, I attempt to offer the chance to look at this type of therapy from several different perspectives. My aim is to show that a properly chosen physical therapy in individually selected range and performance should be much more...
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The issue of woman´s pregnancy in higher age
KUNTOVÁ, Anna
My Bachelor thesis devotes to the issue of the pregnancy of women in older age. This topic is currently very topical and frequently discussed. This work is divided into the theoretical and the practical or rather the research part. In the theoretical part we defined the physiological pregnancy, the general problems of the pregnancy in an older age and family planning. In the next chapter, we have focused on the influencing of a woman's age on her experience with pregnancy or the fetus. According to many studies, there is the evidence that women over the age of 35 years are predisposed more to the pregnancy complications.The important issue is also the fertility decreasing prominently after the woman´s age of 30 years. The prenatal care, psyche and needs of women in old age are mentioned too.There were two purposes of my work. The first one was the effect of the age of woman on the course of her pregnancy. The second one was monitoring of the most frequent reasons for getting pregnant in an older age. Five research questions were chosen : How does older age affect the course of pregnancy? How do multigravidas women evaluate the pregnancy before the age of 35 and after that age? How do midwives educate pregnant women in older age, and how they assess them? How is the situation about the awareness of women about the risks of pregnancy in an older age? Why did women deside for the pregnancy in an older age?The research was based on the qualitative method with the help of personalized semistructured interviews. Interviews were conducted with ten women aged 35 years and over (they were divided into the five primiparous and five multiparous) and three midwives. The research was conducted at the practical gynecologists offices on the basis of their consent to research.The results of this study pointed to the issues of pregnancy above the age of 35 years. It was found and in some cases confirmed, that age can really have a negative effect on the pregnancy after the 35th year of the woman's life.The pregnancy hypertension, low overlying placenta or the danger of amniocentesis appeared at respondents. We cannot say every pregnant woman will suffer from complications.The high-risk pregancy of older age was proved in some cases, it is possible to say three out of ten respondents spent their pregnancy without problems. The reasons for decision of women to have a child in this age are the women´s partners. Sometimes woman married a new partner or she was waiting for suitable partner for a long time. Sometimes women simply want a baby and they do not think about their age. The other reason can be also career or hobbies of women or the unintended pregnancy.My bachelor thesis pointed to possibility of risk for pregnant women aged over 35 years. It should serve as an information source but not as a plan that women can expect if they get pregnant over 35 years age. Established reasons of women to become pregnant should show the present situation and the attitudes of women. The results are a reflection of our time, because the age for women pregnancy grow. It is good to know why this is happening. We can argue against the issue of the knowledge and the education of women. They should know the risk of pregnancy over 35 years in advance. Is the ignorance in this issue the positive factor? Every woman is a personality with a different understanding and a different psychological frame of mind. It is necessary to perceive a woman holistically and to think about her anamnesis.
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Obesity as a nursing problem
MATYÁŠOVÁ, Jolana
Theoretical framework Nowadays, obesity is an important problem of contemporary civilization. Number of patients with obesity still increases among children and adults respectively. A number of patients suffering from obesity grows also in hospitals, equally in every hospital department. Obesity is a severe metabolic disease influencing life and health of a human. Obesity triggers many health-threatening complications, e.g. cardiovascular, orthopedic, tumor or gastrointestinal diseases, extending a stay of the patient in hospital. First part of the thesis is focused on the medical aspect of the obesity. This chapter involves prevention of obesity, risk factors influencing obesity, complications of obesity and its treatment. The part dealing with theoretical obesity treatment is divided into surgical treatment, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. The second part of the thesis concentrates on the issue of nursing care in the treatment of obese patient. This chapter involves the procedure of diagnostic examination by nurse, complications in communication, in self-sufficiency, in hygiene, in skin and nail care, wound treatment and complication in secretion and nourishment of the patient. Aim of the thesis To investigate problems related to nursing care provided to obese patients Research questions Research question #1: Which problems are the most common for nursing staff while providing care to obese patients? Research question #2: Which problems are the most common for obese patients while admitted to hospital? Methodology: In this bachelor thesis, qualitative form of investigation has been used based on semi-structured dialogues with 10 respondents in total. In order to contact patients in hospital, formal application to execute a research survey has been sent to chosen hospital. The application was approved by the head nurse of the hospital as well as by the head nurse of the surgical, orthopedic and internal department. Five out of all respondents were nurses of surgical and internal departments and 5 respondents were patients hospitalized in the orthopedic department. General Nurses were asked to answer 11 questions focused on most common problems related to care of obese patients. Interrogated patients were asked to answer 9 questions focused on complications related to their hospitalization and obesity. Answers have been voice recorded and then categorized. Results It results from the conclusions of the first research question, that the patients are aware of problems connected to the nursing care and they wish to reform it namely in the area of improved facilities in hospital which would be more convenient for obese patients. Patients consider transfer beds, bathrooms, hospital clothes and bed linen to be unsatisfactory. The answer to the second research question "Which problems are the most common for obese patients while admitted to hospital?" is that nurses have the most severe problems with the transfer of patients from their bed. When taking venous blood, nurses have problems to find a suitable vein to drain blood. When providing help or assisting to the hygienic care, nurses face problems associated to the laboriously accessible body parts of an obese patient. When dealing with nutrition, nurses usually have problems with the non-observance of diet measures prescribed by doctor, and while assisting to the bowel movement, they face difficult manipulation with obese patients. Moreover, I found out that nurses require the assistance of other staff members when providing particularly demanding nursing care to the obese patient (e.g. hygiene, bowel movement, setting into position). Horizontal bar and placemats show to be the most used tool for nurses to manipulate with the obese patient.
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Paediatric nursing care of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus on insulin pumps.
MARŠÁLKOVÁ, Blanka
The purpose of this thesis was to familiarise the care for the child patient with diabetes mellitus type 1, which is treated using an insulin pump. To highlight not only the positive aspects of this therapy, but also the difficulties that cause the paediatric patients and their parents' fear of change in treatment. The theoretical part comes from academic literature, credible scientific articles and Internet resources. It explains the nature and cause of the disease, highlights the acute and chronic complications, further clarifies the treatment using the insulin pump while it precedes the treatment of insulin pens and does not forget the role of a nurse, who is an irreplaceable element in the treatment and should be an equal partner of the physician and a support for the child and their parents. The empirical part establishes research goals, on which four research questions were based. Data were analysed by qualitative research using half standardized interview techniques, secret observation with content analysis of data. The first objective was to determine whether the family caring for a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus notice differences in care during the transfer from the insulin pen therapy to treatment with insulin pump. The second objective was to set out to determine the readiness of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their parents for treatment with an insulin pump. The third objective was to identify complications occurring in a paediatric patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus treated using an insulin pump. The fourth objective examined the role of nurses in treating children with type 1 diabetes mellitus using an insulin pen, insulin pump, and the transition from insulin pen therapy to treatment with an insulin pump. The research questions were as follows: 1. What are the differences in perception of family caring for a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus in its transition from Treatment using insulin pen to treatment using insulin pump? 2. Are the children with Type I diabetes and their parents using the given information relating to the change of treatment? 3. What complications occur in a child patient with Type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin pump? 4. What are the roles of nurses in caring for a child with Type I diabetes mellitus treated with insulin pen, insulin pump, which has been transferred from treatment with insulin pen to an insulin pump therapy? Results of the investigation will help children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their parents with better understanding of insulin pump therapy and will be used as a form of presentation during one of the educational meetings.
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The issue of nursing care in acute abdomen in children under 6 years
HLACHOVÁ, Martina
This Diploma thesis is focused on the issue of nursing care of acute abdominal pain in children under six years old. The abdominal pain of children can be the first symptom of an acute abdominal pain which can directly endanger a child´s life. Neglecting these troubles can lead to great health problems of a complicated character. Four research goals were set within the research. The first objective was to find specifics of acute abdominal pains of children up to six years old. The second objective was to find possible results of acute abdominal pains in children under six years old in the post-operative period. The third goal was to monitor the issue of acute abdominal pains in childhood from the point of view of a nurse and the fourth should have found the knowledge of parents about acute abdomeninal pains in childhood. The Diploma thesis strived to penetrate into the issue of this large chapter of acute medicine, highlight its specifics related to acute abdominal pains in childhood and find out how parents are informed about the existence of this type of illness. To complete the objectives of this Diploma thesis, we used a qualitative research model. This research was done by the technique of a semi-structured interview. The first research group consisted of eight nurses working in a standard paediatric ward or in a paediatric ward of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The second group consisted of parents, specifically mothers who responded based on their knowledge and general awareness gained. A technique of open coding a method of pencil and paper was used for processing the results of these interviews. Seven research questions were set: 1. What are the specifics of nursing care in acute abdominal pain in childhood? 2. What medical complications appear during acute abdominal pain in childhood? 3. What are the specifics of pre-operative and post-operative care in acute abdominal pain in childhood? 4. What is the post-operative period in children with acute abdominal pain? 5. What results can appear in acute abdominal pain in childhood? 6. How do nurses see the issue of sudden acute abdominal pain in childhood? 7. What is the parents´ knowledge about acute abdominal pains in childhood? Within the process of this Diploma thesis, a booklet was created. This should serve as information material for parents, which will help them to explain various terms and potential situations within this extensive diagnosis. This booklet will be at disposal in day nurseries and the outpatient department of the paediatric ward in České Budějovice.
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Lifestyl at patients with liver cirhosis
VAVŘINOVÁ, Petra
Abstract: Theoretical part of my bachelor thesis is divided into four parts. The first parts deal with anatomy and physiology of livers. In the second parts is described cirrhosis of the liver its definition, etiology, morphologic classification and prognosis with complications and treatment. The third part is focused on health, lifestyle, determinants which influence health, importance of health promotion and preventive which is connected with health education. The fourth parts point to an alcohol and its harmfulness, addiction to an alcohol and impact of using alcohol in Europe. The fourth parts also mention a food, which support liver function. Cirrhosis of liver disease limits individual. This disease disadvantage and limit in many cases of life. Intervene into physical, mental and social life. The extent and intensity affecting the way of life is dependent on various factors and circumstances which is described in the practical part. The aim of the bachelor work with help of the qualitative tools is to find out which aspects of life changes have occurred in patients with liver cirrhosis. In this part are interpreted results which show lifestyle issues in form of personal testimonies of people with liver cirrhosis in the widest possible complexity. The research work was undertaken by interviewing with technique of in-depth semi - controlled interview with the narrative elements. It was supplemented by placing additional questions with necessity of analysis of personal data. From very different perspectives are here described public servants who are involved in the development of liver cirrhosis. Was found that this cause of disease is result from oversized use of alcohol and infected by Hepatitis C as in drug addicts. In this sense healthy lifestyle is very timely because of the risk of alcohol dependence already in children and adolescents. This bachelor thesis should lead for thought of using alcohol and drugs and on its negative impact in the future.
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Diabetes mellitus and its impact to state budget of the Czech Republic
Metelková, Kateřina ; Běláčková, Vendula (advisor) ; Marešová, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis deals with quantifying the costs of treatment of disease, which is by experts described as pandemic of the 21st century, diabetes. In the Czech Republic, the costs of treatment represents more than 6 % of total health expenditures and its quantity is growing, as well as the number of patients. The main goal is to determine costs of treatment for the 1st and the 2nd type of diabetes and the post-treatment complications associated with this disease using up-to-date statistical data and methodology called Pilot analysis of pharmacoeconomic aspects of diabetes mellitus treatment. This thesis also evaluates the change in regulation announcement in the CR and the Czech Republic's approach to diabetes as an incurable disease.
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Prevention of immobilization syndrome in patients with extension.
POSPÍŠILOVÁ, Eva
Abstract More and more up-to date equipment in the health-care sector makes the treatment of fractures possible, especially by means of surgery. However, not every patient is indicated for surgery. Even today, we can see a patient with the extension at the standard and intensit care units. Therefore, nurses must know how to take care of this patient and how to prevent the risk of immobilization syndrome in patient with extension that may cause many serious complications. The aims of this study were to identify the negative factors affecting a development of the immobilization syndrome in a patient with the extension, to compare the differences in the use of immobilization devices to prevent the immobilization syndrome in a patient with the extension at the standard and intensive care unit and to determine whether patients with extension are familiar with possibility of the immobilization syndrome. Four hypotheses have been defined. In the first hypothesis we assumed that inconveniently selected positioning affected the emergence of the immobilization syndrome. This hypothesis was confirmed. Inconveniently selected positioning is most often involved in the immobilization syndrome. In the second hypothesis we assumed that inconvenient hygienic care affected the emergence of the immobilization syndrome. This hypothesis was also confirmed. The insufficient hygienic care affects a development of the immobilization syndrome. In the third hypothesis we assumed that the intensive care unit used more up-to-date equipment to take care of a patinet with the extension compared to the standard unit. This hypothesis was also confirmed. The intensive care units used more up-to-date equipment to take care of a patinet with the extension compared to the standard unit. In the fourth hypothesis we assumed that patients with extension had no information about the possibility of the imobilization syndrome. This hypothesis was disproved. The patients with the extension are informed about the possibility of the immobilization syndrome. The nurses at the standard and intensive care units in Hospital České Budějovice, a.s. (PLC) and Military Hospital Olomouc were asked to be a research sample. Data were collected by the quantitative exploration method using anonymous questionnaires. In total 110 questionnaires were distributed of which 68 were used for the final evalution. The remainig questionnaires had to be withdrawn from the investigation because they were completed insufficiently by the nurses. This study could help to supplement the educational material for patients with the extension and to increase the knowledge of the nurses in the area of care of such patient.
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The Child with obezity - The education of parents
MRZENOVÁ, Jindra
A child with obesity - education of parents In recent years children obesity is taking the character of worldwide epidemics. This tendency is among others caused by the change of eating habits and composition of diet rich in fats and sugars. The occurrence of obesity is further caused by gene base of a child and lifestyle in which the physical activity of children is decreasing and children spend their free time especially in front of televisions and computers. Obesity itself worsens health state and the life quality of a child, who consequently suffers from health and psychical problems. These children are often exposed to laughter and bully by their contemporaries. This condition leads to their effacing themselves to seclusion, feelings of anxiety; the children become solitaires and compensate everything by higher intake of food. Obesity in children is a very hardly curable diagnosis. In quite a lot of them combating obesity is not successful and obesity outlasts in adulthood. Health complications as disorders of joints, diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure or various heart problems are also linked to this disorder. A nurse plays an important role in care of children with obesity. Together with a doctor she works on detecting children with obesity and his or her preventive actions can lead to decreasing of risks and complications connected with children obesity. A nurse educates children and parents about the problem of obesity, possible consequences and complications connected with this diagnosis, and provides advice and emotional support at changes of lifestyle of obese children and their families. The thesis was processed using quantitative research by the method of questioning and the technique of a questionnaire. Researched group was composed of children with obesity or overweight children and their parents. Questionnaires were distributed in outpatient clinics of general practitioners for children and teenagers and also children hospitalized in teaching hospital in Pilsen. We chose two aims of the thesis. First we wanted to find out the parents´ informedness of the problem of obesity and second to find out lifestyle in the family with an obese child. We can conclude that parents are informed of the problem and complications of obesity; however they do not follow healthy lifestyle. Further we chose three hypotheses. Parents are informed of the problem of obesity. This hypothesis was proved. Parents are not informed of complications in connection with obesity in their children. This hypothesis was disproved. Children with obesity do not follow healthy lifestyle principles. This hypothesis was also proved. The results of this thesis research can serve as a study material and are offered to parents who participated in the research.
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