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Nursing perioperative care on the gynekological section.
WOLFOVÁ, Petra
The bachelor thesis focuses on nursing care before, during and after a gynaecological surgery. Gynaecological surgeries are divided into small and big. Small gynaecological surgeries require only one surgeon and the hospitalization of the patient is shorter than 24 hours. Big surgeries require more surgeons, the patient is under anaesthesia for a longer time and the hospitalization is longer than 24 hours. In this bachelor thesis, we focused on perioperative care in women after a big gynaecological surgery. Care during the preoperative period is an integral part of the work of a birth assistant, as gynaecology is largely a surgical specialisation. With advancing technical progress and development of new surgical methods, various types of surgeries appear with specific requirements for nursing care. Effective perioperative care is important for trouble-free convalescence of women after surgeries. Perioperative care includes both nursing procedures and informing the patient about the hospitalization and care course. Perioperative care is very demanding for the woman herself and for the whole team participating in the care. Interaction of all the medical staff is necessary in perioperative care to provide specialised care according to the standards. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to determine the needs of patients that are affected in the highest extent during perioperative period. The research focused on the way women perceive perioperative period and the approach of health care professionals and the extent these items meet their expectation. The research was performed at a gynaecology-obstetrics department of a hospital, using qualitative assessment in deep interviews. The interviews included 13 open questions. The research group consisted of 8 women after a big gynaecological surgery. The participation in the interview was voluntary. The results of this research were carefully transcribed and analysed using the "pen-paper" method. These results were divided into four categories and further subcategories.
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Nursing care of the operation area before and after the operation
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Michaela
Theoretical outcomes The preparation of the operating field is an important part of all preoperative preparation. Preoperative preparation, before surgical intervention, cannot be neglected. In most cases, the doctor will not perform an operation without proper preoperative preparation. The only exception is urgent surgical intervention for which only the most basic preoperative preparation is provided. Preoperative preparation can be categorized as long-term, short-term, or immediate. A thorough and proper preparation of the operating field reduces any development of postoperative wound complications. The aim of thorough preoperative preparation of the operating field is to reduce any risk of developing postoperative wound complications. Postoperative care prevents postoperative complications. It is aimed at controlling the state of a patient's current health after surgical intervention, but also the surgical wound and its dressing. Both nurses and doctors are obliged to perform these controls. In the early postoperative period, the client stays in the ward or in the postoperative room. In the case of arising complications during surgical intervention, the client is moved to the ICU/ARO. The Aims of the Thesis The aim of the thesis is to map the differences in preoperative preparation of the operating field among surgery departments, and to find the differences between preparation in the operating field before a scheduled and an urgent surgical intervention. Furthermore, the aim is to find out if nurses perform preoperative and postoperative care properly. The following questions were chosen: What are the differences in preoperative preparation of the operating field among surgery departments? How do nurses perform preoperative and postoperative care of the operating field? Implemented methods In order to gain the desired information, a qualitative form of research was chosen, namely an in-depth interview method, a method of questioning, and an observational method. Observation was implemented using the hidden observation method. The respondents in the research were the nurses from the urology and the surgery departments at a hospital in Vysočina. Data collection was conducted from February to March, 2014. The acquired data was then analyzed through an open coding method. Results The subsequently transcribed interviews and observations were carefully analyzed using the 'pencil & paper' method and open coding. Eventually, five categories were created: preoperative preparation before a scheduled surgical intervention, preoperative preparation before an acute or urgent surgical intervention, preparation of the operating field, postoperative wound care, medical documentation. Conclusion The research suggests that nurses are well aware of the complete preoperative and postoperative care. What is, however, surprising is how adherence to the principles of barrier care and the client's intimity vary in the course of providing this care.The conclusions in this thesis should aim at an improvement of preoperative and postoperative care of a client and to eliminate any discovered shortcomings in the provided nursing care. The practical outcome of this thesis will be an article in a professional magazine for nurses.
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The role of the nurse taking care of patients with breast cancer.
KRBCOVÁ, Julie
The actual issue regarding the female population consists in a high incidence of pathological breast findings that can be benign but even most frequently malign. For my bachelor thesis, I chose the theme "The Role of a Nurse in Providing Nursing Care for Women with Breast Tumors", because these issues remain still topical. Basic theoretical grounds of the thesis describe female breast anatomy and pathology. They inform us about problems regarding the causes of the tumor disease and the most common symptoms of the disease. The use of up-to-date diagnostic methods (primarily mammography) and their wide accessibility within a screening program take a significant part in a high percentage of early detected stages of the disease. Breast tumor surgery belongs to the operations demanding from both physical and psychic aspects. The role of a general nurse in providing preoperative and primarily postoperative care is important. A nurse provides a complex nursing care, observes nursing care principles to satisfy individual patient? needs. A nurse does not forget to give information, minds the education, sympathetic access and psychic support of a patient. This bachelor thesis was devoted to the issues of a nurse role in providing postoperative nursing care to patients with breast tumor. The first objective was to describe specific aspects of nursing care in patients after surgery for breast tumor. The second objective was to find out the role of a nurse within a postoperative period in patients with breast tumor. Two research questions were set to fulfill those objectives. The first research question: "Which specific nursing activities does a nurse perform within a postoperative period in patients after breast surgery?" The second research question: "What role does a nurse hold within a postoperative period in patients with breast tumor?" A qualitative research inquiry was used to process the research part of this bachelor thesis. A semi-structured interview was used as a data collection method. The research inquiry was performed in the Department of Surgery of the České Budějovice Hospital, Inc. The first research question surveyed specific nursing activities of nurses performed in patients after surgery for breast tumor. The answers showed that nurses were familiar with specific nursing activities which they performed within postoperative period in patients with breast tumor. Specific aspects described by both the nurses and patients are narrowly associated with the intervention they underwent and which is specific itself. The second research question found out the roles of a nurse within a postoperative period in patients with breast tumor. From the results of answers given by both nurses and patients is clear that the following roles of a nurse were fulfilled: a communicator, an educator and a bearer of changes. Some educational and illustrative tools (silicone breast phantom for the self-examination instruction) intended for nursing personnel are one of the possibilities how to achieve an effective application of nursing interventions in breast tumor prevention and how to help nurses to improve the relation of communication and education on these issues. The results of my bachelor thesis could be used as an information material that could serve to an improvement of the quality and effectiveness in nursing care for the experienced nurses as well as for beginning ones who meet such patients at their job. The results of my research inquiry could be used as basic material to elaborate some lecture for a professional seminary or conference intended for nurses.
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Nursing care for children with sculpture ears
MELNYKOVÁ, Milada
The name of the bachelor thesis is ?The Process of Nursing Children with Otoplasty?. Plastic surgery deals with operations of congenital and acquired defects and is concerned with post-operative and post-traumatic conditions. Plastic surgery includes aesthetic surgery, which still continues to grow in importance. The timing of a visit to a plastic surgeon depends on the defect type. Congenital cosmetic defects appear in the period of adolescence. Operations of prominent ears are the most common cosmetic operations. The operation can be carried out disregarding the age. Most often, schoolaged children and middle-aged people are interested. The costs of operation on children up to the 10 years of age are covered by the insurance company. The theoretical part deals with the description of plastic surgery, the history, the description of an operation, pre- and post-operative care and the child age development stage. It also concentrates on nursing care. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to identify the specifics of nursing care of children with otoplasty and the most common complications in relation to this operation. Three research questions were put forward. The research sample included children and their parents hospitalised in a child post-operative and post-traumatic ward. The research was based on semi-standardised interviews, observations and content analysis of documentation. All information was summarised in case studies, in accordance with Virginia Henderson model. In the second phase, the information was verified by means of a semi-standardised interview with a nurse based on interviews with children. The results have identified the most common complications relating to the operation of auricles. As far as postoperative care is concerned, nurses primarily monitor the pain and the patient?s general condition. Furthermore, it followed from the results that parents lacked comprehensive information on the operation. The specifics of care of children with otoplasty include wearing large compression bandage on the head and long-term application of an elastic headband. In consequence of the findings, a seminar for children wards will be held concerning the issues of nursing care of children with otoplasty, and a nursing plan has been worked out for such children.
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