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Infectious diseases transmitted by arthropods
NOVÁKOVÁ, Petra
This thesis deals with infectious diseases transmitted by arthropods in the Czech Republic in period of 2002 - 2011. Meeting the objectives and answer the research questions, I managed using secondary analysis of reported cases infectious diseases transmitted by arthropods in the information system for reporting and recording of infectious diseases - EPIDAT and literature review and subsequent analysis of scientific articles. Important additional informations were provided by State Veterinary Institute in Prague and the National Reference Laboratory for arboviruses in Ostrava. Thesis does not deal with number of single values, but it is focused on epidemiological severity of analyzed cases, severity of clinical course and risk of introducing infection in the Czech Republic. Theoretical part of the thesis describes selected arboviruses infections. Tick-borne encephalitis is one of the most important diseases transmitted by arthropods in our surroundings. Number of reported cases of tick-borne encephalitis was quite constant in monitored period 2002 - 2011, according to my research and statistical verification. Highest morbidity was in 2006. The same year the highest incidence of disease Tick-borne encephalitic was reported in region of Vysočina. This number is far closer to number of reported cases in region of South Bohemia which was the most affected region thought the entire period. Prevention exists against tick-borne encephalitis. It is vaccination which is recommended for people staying in natural foci of infection in the Czech Republic and abroad. In the Czech republic becomes more important West Nile fever. Increased incidence of this disease is recorded in the USA, but also in many European countries (eg Greece, Hungary, Italy) in recent years. One of the goals of this thesis is to characterize the surveillance of West Nile fever in the Czech republic. Monitoring antibody titer against West Nile virus in the serum of horses is one of the basic elements of surveillance of this disease in our country. 5 samples of the blood serum was increased titers of antibodies to West Nile virus. Various geographic distribution of horses and high specific antibody titers indicate increasing activity of West Nile virus. Clinical disease of horses not being recorded in the Czech republic. In the field of human medicine have been reported three imported cases of West Nile fever. Other arboviruses infections, that appeared in our country, is dengue disease and viral disease Chikungunya. In the monitored period there were a total of 98 reported cases of imported disease. Most cases were imported from India. Three cases of Chikungunya disease were reported in 2006 in connection with a stay on the island of Mauritius, where was the epidemic at this time. People can travel freely and there is the risk of importing diseases from the tropics and subtropics. Some infections transmitted by arthropods are in areas where it was previously absent recently. Prevention is essential. Specific and non-specific prevention. Another important element of prevention is strict adherence to methods for surveillance of disease.Viral infections transmitted by arthropods are among the most important emergent infectious diseases. In addition to malaria, malnutrition and helminth infection are the largest public health problem, not only in third world countries.
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Presence of tick-borne encephalitis in Pribram district with its level of awareness and general attitude to vaccination against it in selected populations
KUCHAŘOVÁ, Eliška
Central European tick-borne encephalitis is a disease belonging to the group of zoonosis, which is transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus. It is an acute neuroinfection caused by the RNA virus that can seriously endanger people?s lives. Tick-borne encephalitis is one of the diseases typical for its natural pocket. The most common way of transmission onto a human being is by the bite of an infected tick. However, there have been cases where the contagion took place by consuming unpasteurized milk or dairy products. Although it is a disease which can be easily prevented, vaccination is still very low in our country. If we do not press people to improve this situation, we can expect frequency of tick-borne encephalities will be increased.
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The role of genetic background of the host on the pathogenesis of tick-borne encephalitis
PALUS, Martin
We examined the influence of the host genetic background on the pathogenesis of tick-borne encephalitis. We determined virus titers in organs and serum in different time intervals post-infection for different ways of inoculation. We also stated mean survival times and antibody production in different strains of mice infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus. Moreover, differences in expression of immunologicaly important genes in brains of infected mice were compared.
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Awarness of Public of Tickborne Encefalitis Infection
VOKROUHLÍKOVÁ, Monika
In my bachelor work I monitor the awareness of the general public on the tick-borne encephalitis and the attitude of the general public to vaccination against this disease. I have found out using research that the population is aware of the tick-borne encephalitis but the population is not interested in vaccination against the disease.
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Cultivation of tick-borne encephalitis virus in the presence of inhibitor of glycosylation: its effect on nucleotide sequence of genes encoding viral proteins.
FARKOVÁ, Karolína
In this work I compared nucleotide sequences of virus genes and the resulting aminoacid sequences of viral proteins of TBE virus variant Hypr3TM with the parental virus Hypr50/CB. This comparison serves for identification of nucleotide/aminoacid substitutions resulting for virus replication in an enviroment with inhibited protein glycosylation. I identified four nucleotide substitutions; three of them caused also changes in amino acid sequence. When compared to a low-passaged variant Hypr5, three of the nucleotide substituions were identical with this variant. One amino acid substitution is unique for variant Hypr3TM. This substitution caused changes in electrostatic potencial of receptor domain of protein E and thus can affect the protein-protein interactions within homodimers and homotrimers at the surface of the protein and the interaction of the E protein with host-cell receptors for the TBE virus.
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