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Influence of water vapor on electrical discharge initiated processes in prebiotic atmospheres
Moravčík, Marek ; Chudják, Stanislav (referee) ; Krčma, František (advisor)
The aim of this work is to study the influence of water molecules on chemical processes initiated by electrical discharges in probiotic atmospheres. This work is focused on the simulation of nitrogen atmosphere and carbon dioxide atmosphere. These gases were chosen because they represent the main components of some known atmospheres (N2 the moon Titan, CO2 the planet Mars). A glow discharge generated in a special reactor at atmospheric pressure and a flow of pure N2 or CO2 was used for the simulation. Part of the measurement took place only in pure gas, into which water vapor with a flow rate of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 sccm was gradually introduced. In the second part of the measurement, the influence of admixtures was studied. In the case of an N2 atmosphere, methane flow rates of 2 and 4 sccm were used. In the case of an atmosphere with CO2, the nitrogen flow is 2 and 4 sccm. Again, the analysis of the effect of water was carried out for all created atmospheres. The products formed were analysed using proton ionization mass spectrometry and a time-of-flight analyser. Simple aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones were detected. As the number of additives increased, more complex aromatic substances were also formed. At the same time, plasma diagnostics was carried out using optical emission spectroscopy.
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Vliv aplikovaného biouhlu na biologickou aktivitu půdy a růst vybrané zemědělské plodiny
Řezníček, David
In recent years, biochar has been extensively studied for its potential to significantly increase some of the soil characteristics and its ability to mitigate the effects of ongo-ing climate change through carbon sequestration. One of the most discussed issues regarding biochar is its impact on soil biological activity and crop growth. Therefore, we conducted a pot experiment with a model crop of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Soil samples were taken during the experiment to determine basal respiration (BR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and nitrous oxide (N2O) production. These values indicate biological activity of the soil. Ion exchange discs were placed under the pots to determine the amount of mineral nitrogen leached. In addition, nets with model cellulose were placed to the soil to determine the activity of decomposers. At the end of the experiment, parameters of plants growth were determined. The positive effect of biochar, which underwent a composting process, was observed only in the case with simultaneously applied mineral nitrogen. However, without applied mineral N, this positive effect did not occur, and the effect of the biochar was in some cases negative. If mineral nitrogen was applied, we observed an increased leakage from the system. The supply of organic matter (compost, biochar) has led to a reduction in these losses of mineral nitrogen from the agroecosystem. Measurement of basal and substrate-induced respiration confirmed an assumption that soils with sufficient organic matter content has a stable and well-developed active community of microorganisms, evenly supplied with the main biogenic nutrients.
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Možnosti ovlivnění kvality sladu a jeho uplatnění ve výrobě piva
Podaný, Adam
In the literary part of the thesis are information about the possibilities of influencing the quality of malt and its application in the beer production. In the practical part we explored the effect of nitrogen and sulphur on quality of malt. The results of small-plot field trials established on plots of the Agrospol agricultural enterprise in 2012 in Velká Bystřic we can see the positive effect of applied N and S fertilizers on the quality of the malt produced from the grain of spring barley variety Bojos. Nitrogen and sulfur fertilization improved grain germination. The grain of the variant fertilized with N and N + S - fertilizers had faster germination. Sulfate sulfur increased the starch content in the grain. The amount of extract in malt corresponded with the starch content in barley grain. Also content of the proteins is corresponded with doses of the nitrogen fertilizers.
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Kvalita vody řeky Romže v závislosti na intenzitě průtoku
Dedková, Věra
As part of the diploma thesis, water samples were taken during the year from selected localities of the Romže River and the tributary of the Český creek and subsequently the basic physico-chemical parametres of water quality were monitored. According to legislative requirements, both streams fall into the worst 5th class of water quality – very heavily polluted water. The main pollutants are nitrogen and phosphorus, the content of organic substances (CODCr and BOD5) of undissolved substance, total iron and conductivity was also high. After the inflow into the Romže River, the more polluted Český creek deteriorated the water quality in terms of total phosphorus, conductivity, oxygen saturation and nitrate nitrogen. The main polluting factors are probable intensive agriculture from the surrounding buildings and wastewater treatment plant.
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Identifikace negativních vlivů působících na přírodní památku Pahorek
Sklenka, Marek
Small natural sights in agricultural landscapes are threatened by a number of factors. To protect them you need to identify negative factors that influence them. Natural Monument Hill in the cadastral Bindings Vyškova is used as extensive pasture protected because of rare species of thermophilic plants. The area measurements were taken basal soil respiration, soil organic matter content in the soil by burning a number of moving forms of nitrogen in the soil. Contamination of the nitrogen from external sources has not been established, there have been differences in the content of organic matter in the soil, caused by the truth, like the management of the territory. Measurement of basal respiration showed dependency on the content of water in the soil during the vegetation period. The result of survey sites and outputs from laboratory measurements should be advised to head better care settings management of protected areas and improve its condition.
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Fertilization of maize sillage
VÁJA, Petr
This thesis is focused on an experiment dealing with fertilization of silage corn. The experiment was realized in 2021 in the agricultural enterprise Zemko Kožlí a.s. The field experiment was founded with a hybrid ES Joker and was fertilized with various combinations of fertilizers. In total, eight fertilization variants were created for the experiment in two repetitions. Fertilizers DAM 390, Urea and Amofos were used for fertilization. During the vegetation, differences between fertilization variants were monitored, namely in the number of plants, increase of above-ground biomass, weight of individual plants, weight and number of individual buds, and finally in the total yield from each variant. An additional criterion-em was the evaluation of the percentage of dry matter and the economic evaluation of each variant. The largest yield was recorded for the variant that was fertilized only with nitrogen in the fertilizer Urea. The lowest yield, on the other hand, was for the fertilized phosphorus variants in the fertilizer Amofos in combination with nitrogen in the fertilizer DAM 390. With the increasing dose of industrial fertilizers, the yield of biomass decreased. Experiments of corn fertilized with phosphorus reached higher dry matter.
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The influence of nitrogen on yield formatin of spring barley
JANUROVÁ, Eliška
The purpose of this diploma thesis was to find out the effect of a graduated dose of nitrogen fertilization on the revenue elements (number of plants per area, number offshoots per area, number of ears per area, number of grains inside one ear and weight of thousand seeds) of the spring barley. The field experiment was established in the spring of 2021 on a private family farm which belongs to Mr. Jaroslav Čech and it is located in Běleč near Mladá Vožice. Spring barley of the Bente variety was sown in the experimental field. The experimental doses of nitrogen fertilization were determined as follows: 20 kg. ha -1,50 kg. ha-1, 80 kg. ha-1, 110 kg. ha-1. The evaluated data were processed and recorded into tables and graphs in the results chapter. The highest revenue elements were reached in the variant IV, where was applied 110 kg pure nutrients of nitrogen fertilizer. The revenue elements in individual variants were decreasing with decreasing dose of nitrogen fertilization.
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Response of potatoes to split application of nitrogen and plant auxiliaries
MICHALÍČEK, David
The aim of the diploma thesis wasto evaluate the yield of tubers and the share of starch in tubers in potato varieties with different growing seasons and to point out or refute the need for nitrogen during cultivation. Next, to focus on the effect of nitrogen fertilization on dry matter and starch content. It was a small plot experiment, which was based on the Valečov experimental station. Two varieties were selected for the experiment, the early and the semi-early ones. The first variant is a plant not fertilized with nitrogen. The other variant was fertilized before planting. In another variant, a split application of nitrogen was performed, and in the fourth variant, an auxiliary plant preparation was applied, supporting stolon growth and root formation. The experiment further records treatment and conditions during the growing season. Individual differences between the varieties were also recorded during the experiment. For variants 2 and 3, the effect of fertilization on the yield of potato tubers in both varieties was demonstrated. The yield also increased significantly in the variant with the use of an auxiliary preparation. The semi-early variety Antonia reacted best to the auxiliary herbal preparation and the early variety Colomba achieved the highest yield in the variant with foliar application of urea. Antonia recorded a yield of 58.4 t/ha for the control variant, 64.3 t/ha for the second variant and 66.9 t/ha for the third fertilizer before planting. The variant with an auxiliary product then recorded a yield of 68.53 t/ha, which was a higher yield compared to the control variant by 10.1 t/ha. For the very early Colomba variety, the yields for the variant without fertilization were 66.14 t/ha, variant No. 2 then 83.18 t/ha, the variant with fertilization before planting recorded a yield of 79.26 t/ha and the variant with auxiliary product 78.85 t/ha. The differences between the fertilized variants during the growing season were 4.23 t/ha for the Antonia variety in favor of the auxiliary plant preparation. For the Colomba variety, the difference was 4.33 t/ha in favor of the urea variant. At the same time, the size ratio of the tubers also changed. In the case of the Antonia variety, there was a decrease in starch content in the fertilized variants, but in the case of the Colomba variety, the decrease was not confirmed in all variants.
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