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Nutrition of patients in a geriatric departments
ARNOŠTOVÁ, Zuzana
This bachelor thesis is dedicated to the nutrition of patients in geriatric wards. The theoretical part is divided into five main chapters. The first chapter explains the term "geriatric patient", the second chapter describes the physiological and biochemical changes and use of nutrients in old age. The third chapter deals with prescription drugs in old age, the fourth chapter nutrition of geriatric patients and the fifth chapter is devoted to nutrition disorders in old age. The practical part is divided into two parts. The first part is the quantitative research which was done in three hospitals in aftercare departments via questionnaire. The questionnaire focused on patient satisfaction with meals, the quality and quantity of food and drinking regime. The research group consisted of patients in geriatric wards at the age over 60 years. There were distributed 61 questionnaires and their total return was 100%. The second part evaluates a specific menu which was provided by Hospital in Písek. Standard portions in the menu were evaluated in the "Nutriservis Profesional", they were calculated: energy intake, protein, carbohydrates, fat and fiber. Results of energy intake and nutrient value of the menu were compared with diet recommendations for the people older than 65 years given by the literature "Reference values for nutrient uptake, 2011". There were laid down three objectives. The first objective is to describe the level of catering in geriatric wards in terms of quantity and quality of the food. The second objective is to determine whether patients at geriatric wards adequately comply fluid intake. The third objective is the satisfaction of geriatric patients with catering at geriatric wards. The catering in terms of quantity and quality is optimum. According to the survey and also evaluation of the menu, the portion size of main dishes is excessive, but the meals are served only 3 times a day. According to the survey, more than half of the patients eat only half portions, thereby decreasing energy and nutrients intake, therefore providing snacks would be the appropriate solution. Regarding the quality of food, it would be advisable to diversify the menu and include foods from all quadrants of food pyramid. Drinking regime is optimum. Half of the patients complies drinking regime the other half of patients neglect the drinking regime. A possible solution for these patients is to increase controlling or supplement of drinking regime by own drinks. Half of the patients are satisfied with the catering, the other half would like to change the flavor of food, the problem is mainly seasoning. Patients in geriatric departments would welcome more information on catering and preparation of meals, and also a greater possibility to choose main dishes. This bachelor thesis might be used for making the information material, which could be used for better awareness of geriatric patients catering. The nutrition of geriatric patients is a hot topic and its importance should not be forgotten.
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Leisure activities in the home for the elderly to prevent immobilization syndrome
MARKVARTOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis with the topic: "Leisure time activities in the Home for seniors as prevention of the immobilization syndrome" is divided into two sections - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical section the terms relating to old age and types of leisure time activities offered by the Home for seniors are described. In the thesis conclusion I describe the immobilization syndrome also occurring in the elderly. Recently, there has been a large increase in senior population, and many senior people have been trying to keep active. Even when they are in Homes for seniors, they still try to find some stimulating activities that can bring joy to their lives. In the practical section I describe my survey research and its results and the answers to the research questions. The survey was carried out in the Home for seniors in Pacov, using a qualitative method of investigation by semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with 6 nurses working in the Home for seniors and with 7 clients of the Home for seniors in Pacov. First of all, we set two goals that we wanted to achieve. The first goal was to find out the influence of leisure time activities on the immobilization syndrome, the second one was to give an account of the ways in which leisure time activities are offered to seniors, and to check whether seniors make use of those opportunities. To meet these targets, we stated the following research questions: How the offered leisure time activities in the Home for seniors affect the immobilization syndrome development in seniors? What leisure time activities are offered by the Home for seniors? What leisure time activities are used most by seniors? The research questions were answered in the interviews which revealed that in the Home for seniors the activities most used by clients are ergotherapy and group exercises. The clients taking part in leisure time activities feel themselves in a good condition and are happy that such activities are available in the Home. The activities are also welcome by the nurses in the Home for seniors, because the elderly feel relaxed, are happier and the nurses have less work to do when clients are in a good physical and mental condition. The output of this work is represented by a booklet which was created to serve other Homes for seniors as information on leisure time activities for seniors.
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