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Perceptions of nurses in society
TIŠEROVÁ, Tereza
Theoretical Backgrounds Nursing, as one can say today, has its deep roots reaching back to our history. But in spite of everything it has gone through we can call it a young subject. The nursing profession itself has been influenced by historical events throughout its development. Prospects opened and new experience came with every such event. The nursing profession has accompanied the mankind for centuries, searching for and satisfying the needs of both sick and healthy clients, the latter in respect of the preventive care. It was thanks to Florence Nightingale that nursing got into the subconscious of people, and started and still has never ceased flourishing. Therefore, she is justly considered to be the founder of contemporary nursing. Thesis Objective The following principal research question was set for the bachelor thesis: What is the opinion of the society of the nursing profession. The aim of the thesis was to find out the views of the society of the general nursing profession. Applied Methods The research part of the thesis took a quantitative form using questionnaires. The questionnaire consisting of twenty questions was handed out to the public who have already had their experience in the nursing care provided in any form. The answered questionnaires were processed and evaluated statistically. Results The results of the bachelor thesis helped to clarify the opinion of the public of nursing and of the profession of general nurses. New relevant information about the relations of the lay public to general nurses came to the fore. The results obtained can be used when teaching nursing, at conferences on similar issues or at professional workshops. I implemented the answer to the principal research question into the research part of the bachelor thesis treated in more detail. The objective of the thesis set prior to the research of this issue was fulfilled as well. The following knowledge was gained on the basis of the questions put in the research part. The lay public considers the nursing profession to be medium to highly exacting and their opinion is mostly founded on their own experience, other people, and media. They think that, to work in their profession, nurses need secondary or higher vocational education. In view of the public, the reputation of the profession goes down, with the financial remuneration being insufficient. People still keep a positive attitude to the profession, and also the approach of nurses is evaluated as positive. They also consider neatness and appearance to be important. The communication skills, in their opinion, are at a good level. The opinion as to the university education is indefinite, but people are rather inclined to the option for nurses to be educated. If they would be given the opportunity to try the profession, most of them would refuse. Further, in the opinion of the public, the sphere of the general approach to clients and professional knowledge should be extended in nursing. In spite of some negatives, the public trust nurses more that doctors. Conclusion The benefits of the bachelor thesis lie in the publication of the research results concerning the opinion of and ideas of the lay public about nursing and the profession of general nurses. The thesis also helped and pointed out to the issue that is topical at present.
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Adults's knowledge about possibility of natural emergency event occurance in Jilemnice and it's surroundings. Know-how in right behavior and treatment.
VOHNOUTOVÁ, Markéta
Natural emergency events endanger mankind since ever. Jilemnice - municipality with extended competence - is located in Podkrkonoší. This town should be prepared for any unexpected event. Every season brings risk, especially in this "close to mountain" area. Town is endangered by snowstorms in the winter and subsequently floods, caused by melting snow in the spring. We can´t stop it, we can only minimize effects. Information / knowledge is the most important aspect for proper and prompt decision, that affects our life, health and property. Studying and preparing the theoretical part was basic task for realizing the goal of his thesis. Theory consists of natural emergency events typology and principles of proper behavior. Below short area description of municipality with extended competence called Jilemnice. According to information found during theoretical preparation, questionaire was created and consequently introduced to the respondents - adult inhabitants of Jilemnice. Participants were chosen in quota sampling in conjunction with local authonomy specialist. We chose 100 laymen, split into 50 men and 50 women. There were two hypotheses set to reach the goal of my work - basic (H) and partial (H1) formulated below: H) Adult Jilemnice´s inhabitants (laics) knowledge matches Gaussian distribution. H1) There is only [alpha]= 0,05 statistic difference between men´s and women´s knowledge, when talking about natural events problem. Hypothesis and its partial hypothesis were determined per descriptive and mathematical statistics, through following steps: formulation, scaling, measuring, elementary statistical processing. Then within nonparametical testing 7 identical density intervals were defined. [chí2] test / good accordance test using [chí2]teor and [chí2]exp comparison, second normality test inclusive integral calculation was selected (using u variable, primitive function F(ui) and statistical tables) to validate/disprove the hypothesis. Double-selection test was used to disprove partial hypothesis, per empiric argument [mí1]=O1 or [sigma2] and external theoretical data [mí2] and [sigma2] comaprison. Basic hypothesis was proved and accepted. Adults in Jilemnice are informed as presumed, knowledge matches Gaussian/normal distribution. Partial hypothesis wasn´t proved. We expected difference between men and women knowledge in natural emergency event occurence and best practice of treatment. This is surprise according to the first premise.
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Value and attitude of nursing for the public.
MAŇHALOVÁ, Jana
Theoretical Framework Although the beginnings of nursing reach deep into our history, nursing is a relatively young profession. In the course of human history nursing has been influenced by many factors that have changed public values and attitudes to nursing issues and to providing the most effective nursing care. Nursing is focused on an active search and satisfying biological, psychological, social and spiritual needs of the sick and healthy people in the care of their health. The main representative of nursing practice is Florence Nightingale, who has affected health care throughout the world. She is considered the founder of modern nursing, because she has elevated nursing to such a profession that is as important as that of a physician. Aims of the Thesis To compile the thesis three goals were set. 1) To find out the views and ideas of the general and professional public on the nursing profession. 2) To determine the views of the general and professional public on what the most important and effective procedures in nursing are. 3) To identify what the general and professional public expect nursing can provide to modern society and how nursing can contribute to its development. Methods Used To compile the diploma thesis a quantitative method using interviews through questionnaires was applied. The data collection technique was snowball sampling. Based on the initial pilot study two forms of the survey were determined, for the professional and the general public. The professional public was represented by nurses working in primary care, home care, in hospitals and other medical facilities. The general public was represented by people who visit general practitioners, use home care services, hospitalized patients and other general public. Results The results of the thesis have helped explain opinions of the public and their attitudes to nursing care. They can be used as background material for teaching nursing subjects or as a contribution to professional seminars, courses and conferences dealing with this issue. The answers to the hypotheses are discussed in detail in the research section of the thesis. Based on the statistically processed data the hypotheses were evaluated as follows: H1: By the general public nursing is perceived rather as a profession focused on maternity care than as a professional discipline. H1 was confirmed. H2: As for the general public, men´s perception of nurses as nursing representatives is different from women´s perception of nurses as nursing representatives. H2 was confirmed. H3: The professional public perceive the profession as a mission, unlike the general public, who take it more as a matter of routine from the part of nurses. H3 was confirmed. H4: The professional public perceive the attitude of the general public towards nursing more positively than the general public themselves. H4 was not confirmed. H5: Nurses´ strengths are perceived more than their weaknesses by the general public. H5 was not confirmed. H6: To the public the value of nursing depends on how the professional public express satisfaction with the care provided by their colleagues. H6 was confirmed. H7: Education is a fundamental value of nursing more from the perspective of the professional public than from the perspective of the general public. H7 was not confirmed. H8: The potential contribution of nursing to modern society from the perspective of professional public is higher than from the perspective of the general public. H8 was not confirmed. H9: The general public´s view on the value of nursing is directly dependent on the image of nursing presented by the media. H9 was confirmed. Conclusion The benefit of this work is publication of the findings related to opinions and ideas of today´s society on nursing and pointing to the issue and identification of weak parts.
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Comparison of knowledge of the general and professional public about the IRS
VINCÍK, Miroslav
To meet the objectives set by the thesis it was needed to carry out structural analysis of the Integrated Rescue System. Based on this analysis, statistical survey using descriptive methods and mathematical statistics was conducted. Statistical survey is based on the results of the questionnaire survey carried out in two groups of respondents from both the general and professional public. The respondents were chosen as a representative sample of citizens of the district Strakonice, which was specified in a separate chapter. The presence of the normal distribution of knowledge in the general public was then verified, on the contrary, in the professional public the presence of Poisson distribution was surveyed. The difference in the level of knowledge between the two groups of respondents was determined. To achieve the set objectives of the research three hypotheses were established: H1. The empirical distribution of knowledge of the general public can be replaced by the normal distribution at the level of mathematical statistics. H2. The empirical distribution of knowledge of the professional public is more remote to the normal distribution due to a higher level of knowledge. H3. There is a statistically significant difference between the knowledge of both groups of respondents. All 3 hypotheses were verified and accepted, with a positive result confirming the established hypotheses. In the "Discussion", analysis of the obtained results and confirmation of the established hypotheses H1, H2 and H3, together with proposed measures that could increase knowledge of the IRS in both groups of respondents, is presented.
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Comparison of Knowledge From Radiological Physics at Laical and Expert Community
BARTOŇOVÁ, Miroslava
To accomplish the fundamental goal of the bachelor thesis was needed to create a structure of radiological physics model in education to radiological assistants. Creation of this model questionnaire was then used on respondents of the laic expert public. It was verified as a normal existence of knowledge at the laic public while the existence of the knowledge at expert public was Poisson?s separation. There was measured the difference between the laics? and the experts? knowledge. Essential condition for realization and description of the procedure was the analysis of radiological assistants? preparation in the Czech Republic and abroad. To reach the fundamental goal were set up three hypotheses: H1. Theoretical division of knowledge at the laic public will be closer to normal division. H2. Theoretical division of knowledge at the expert public will not have normal division.. H3. Compare of knowledge at both public with the help of parametrical tests will lead to acceptation of alternative hypothesis. The entire three hypotheses were checked and positively accepted. For their verification it was mainly used, testing non-parametrical and parametrical hypotheses. The finding that the radiological physics structure for radiological assistants complies with the radiological physics structure used abroad for preparation of experts like radiological technologists, diagnostic radiographers, the medical imaging technologists, the therapy radiographers or the radiation therapists, was a good solution. This discovery was primarily found out from the analysis of curriculum at universities in the USA, Great Britain and Australian universities. From this point the validity of this constructive questionnaire rose. It needs to be mentioned that this questionnaire was made in terms to prepare radiological assistants in which the radiological physics has an only supportive role.
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Public awareness concerning risk factors leading to hypertension
LEPŠÍKOVÁ, Leona
The public´s awareness about risks of hypertension Cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in the Czech republic. It is widely known that arterial hypertension is one of the factors that may subsequently lead to irreversible changes and death. Arterial hypertension together with its high prevalance among adults in industrial nations (20 - 30 %) represent a serious health problem. It is one of the most major risk factors of ischemic heart disease along with diabetes, hyperlipoproteinemia, obesity and smoking. The aim of this work is to establish whether the public are aware of and adhere to precautionary measures which lessen the risk of hypertension. There are two hypotheses: 1. The public know the risk factors in the rise of hypertension. 2. The public fail to maintain precautionary measures preventing the rise of hypertension. The research group was formed by the public in the Vysočina region. Data was collected using questionnaires. The questionnaires were addressed to respondents of all age groups. There were distributed 160 questionnaires altogether. The final number of questionnaires used for data processing amounted to 126 questionnaires. The results showed that the public in the Vysočina region are informed about risks of hypertension (obesity, overeating, a high intake of salt in food, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of physical exercise and stress) and maintain precautionary measures preventing the rise of hypertension. To prevent hypertension from a frequent occurrence, it is essential to know of and avoid risk factors, to learn a healthy lifestyle and to realize that we ourselves are responsible for our health. It is, therefore, important to pay more attention to this problem and keep the public educated, e.g. through leaflets in GPs´ surgeries, and also this dissertation may serve the purpose.
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The knowing of laic community about high- risk factors, prevention and symptoms of vascular brain stroke
VYCHYTILOVÁ, Renata
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA, ictus) is a critical state in neurology, when due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain the local or total damage of brain functions occurs. Only one third of patients with this diagnosis are completely cured. The possibilities how to improve this situation is first of all an early hospitalization of ill in their acute stadium of the disease and an appreciation of preventive care significance. The main risk factors are: age, heredity, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol, drugs, obesity, stress, lack of physical activity, improper nutrition. The crucial significance for prevention is the regulation of life-style, e.g. sufficient physical activity, proper nutrition and the absence of smoking. Also regular check-ups which can reveal high blood pressure, high level of cholesterol and diabetes mellitus in time are important. The prevention also includes the education focused on CVA symptoms and the need to act quickly in this case because time is crucial for the treatment of ictus. The objective of the thesis is to find out the informedness of laic public on the risk factors, prevention and symptoms of cerebrovascular accident. The hypotheses concerning the knowledge of risk factors, prevention and symptoms of cerebrovascular accident were stated. For this thesis the method of questioning by the technique of a questionnaire was chosen. The questionnaire was compiled on the basis of information gained from the professional literature; it was anonymous, designed for laic public and contained 25 closed, open and semi-closed questions, which offered the choice of particular answers and the possibility to fill in respondents{\crq} opinions. The observed group was laic public in Vysočina Region. On the whole 200 respondents were addressed during February and March 2010. The criterion for the choice of respondents was laic (non- medical) public who did not experience CVA irrespective of age and education. The rate of questionnaire return was 83% out of the total number. 22 questionnaires were excluded because they were incomplete. On the whole the data from 145 questionnaires were elaborated. The hypotheses were proved; the objective of the thesis was fulfilled. Good informedness in the area of risk factors and prevention and insufficient knowledge on the symptoms of ictus were found out. The results will be published at seminars designed for medical workers in in-patient and out-patient institutions. They might contribute to better informedness of public. Further, the results will be used as the basis for the seminar on the problems of CVA and its prevention, designed for laic public.
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Comprehensive care of person with Alzheimer's disease
ŘEHOŘOVÁ, Andrea
The thesis deals with the comprehensive care for a person with Alzheimer`s disease. As the population gets old, also the number of people with Alzheimer{\crq}s disease has been growing. Pursuant the survey, approx. 5 % population in the age of 65 years suffers from the middle up to high degree of dementia; thereof the Alzheimer{\crq}s disease represents 50{--}60 %. Its frequency roughly doubles every five years. Alzheimer{\crq}s disease is approximately the fourth most frequent cause of all the death cases. The main goals is to find out the extent of knowledge of lay public about Alzheimer{\crq}s disease in the South Bohemian region. Hereby we mean the information about the care, possibilities of healing, symptoms and prevention of Alzheimer{\crq}s disease. In connection with these goals the H1 hypothesis was postulated: The lay public was informed of Alzheimer{\crq}s disease. For achieving the given goal, the method of questioning, the technology of the questionnaire was used. 280 questionnaires were distributed among the persons older than 18 years and they were returned in 86 %. In total, 241 questionnaires were filled in, thereof 230 were filled in correctly and also evaluated. As the most important questions for confirming or not confirming the hypothesis the author determined questions concerning the knowledge of the AD treatment, AD symptoms, knowledge of facilities, consulting centre as well as other activities for the people with AD, occurrence of AD and forms of treatment. It followed from the results that H1 hypothesis was not confirmed. Two partial targets were postulated for the given issue for the completeness sake. The first partial target was to describe the medically social issue of Alzheimer{\crq}s disease including its impact on all the spheres of the life of man: i.e. biological, psychological as well as social spheres. The second partial goal concerned the survey of services for persons with Alzheimer{\crq}s disease and their families in the South Bohemian Region. This thesis may be utilized in future as source of information about Alzheimer{\crq}s disease for the students of Faculty of Health and Social Studies in České Budějovice and for persons from the lay public who would like to learn more of Alzheimer{\crq}s disease.
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Knowledge of outsider public about services which is offer of home care agency
LENKOVÁ, Klára
Home care is a modern form of health and social care which has been provided in the Czech Republic since 1990. It is focused on persons who would be hospitalized if it were not for home care. The costs are fully covered by health insurance. Those who make use of this service are people of all ages, with various diagnoses and medical indications. Home care is focused mainly on health support and maintenance, health restoration and self-administration development, pain management of incurable patients and terminal care to ensure patients meeting their death fearless and reconciled. The objective of this thesis is to learn more about the public awareness of services provided by home care agencies. The other objective is to find out if nurses working for these agencies promote the home care service well enough. The data collection was carried out by the questionnaire method and the method of public inquiry. The first sample was a group of people living in the South Bohemian region aged 18 49 years. The second sample was a group of people living in the South Bohemian region aged over 50. These two groups were supposed to fill in the same type of a questionnaire. The third sample were nurses working in home care agencies in the South Bohemian region who were handed out inquiry sheets. The hypothesis I {--} the public are not informed enough about services provided by home care agencies {--} was confirmed. The hypothesis II {--} there are differencies in awareness of the public in relation to the age of respondents -was confirmed. The hypothesis III {--} nurses promote home care services only among their patients {--} was not confirmed. It is advisable to hospitalize patients only when it is inevitable. In other cases there is an option to make use of home care services. The aim of my thesis was to bring up a survey of services provided by home care agencies and give some suggestions for the awareness of the public to be enhanced.
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Joint Physical Custody after Divorce - Advantages and Disadvantages
ZELENÁ, Šárka
In 1998 an amendment of the Family Act of 1963 made it possible, following the example of western countries, to entrust children to joint physical custody of parents, after their divorce. This gives them the possibility to equally share the upbringing and making decisions in important matters concerning their child after their divorce. This form of post-divorce organisation of child care is relatively new in this country, and that is why we have little experience with it so far. Specialists who are in contact with the questions of the joint physical custody present a number of both advantages and disadvantages. The objective of my diploma thesis was to map the particular questions, find out how the professional and non-professional public view the joint physical custody, and subsequently, compare these results. My further objective was to describe the advantages and disadvantages resulting from the shared parenting. My research was based on the hypothesis that the professional public regarded this post-divorce organisation of child care as suitable, further on the hypothesis that non-professional public was not sufficiently informed about this possibility of post-divorce organisation of child care, and, last but not least, the statement that there were differences between the attitude held by the professional and that held by the non-professional public to the questions mentioned. Two of the three hypotheses were confirmed in the course of the research. The conducted research is of explorative character, it combines elements of quantitative and qualitative research. To conduct it I used the method of questioning by means of an anonymous questionnaire, the data obtained were processed in the computer SPSS programme. In questions containing qualitative data, I conducted a qualitative content analysis. Another technique that I applied was the secondary data analysis. The research sample was made up of randomly chosen representatives of both professional and non-professional public from the Regions of South Bohemia and Hradec Králové. My thesis will serve as a feedback for specialists dealing with this field, it will be used for the needs of the Children and Family Crisis Centre in České Budějovice. Its results will serve for the improvement of information of professional and non-professional public.
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