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The issue of providing nursing care to patients in a net bed
PRCHALOVÁ, Jitka
While providing nursing care, in exceptional cases it is necessary to use restrictive measures to calm down a patient by applying physical restraints. However, since these are methods that seriously interfere with the patient´s personal liberty, it is necessary to observe certain principles in such a way that the methods minimize the risk of various complications, which may be both mental and physical, but also legal. Therefore, the indication for the use of these measures is especially the patient´s behavior that involves significant imminent danger or harm to the patient and others. The aim of our study was to determine what is the most frequent indication for putting the patient to a net bed enclosure in traumatological and psychiatric wards, to find out whether nurses have at their disposal the standards developed in relation to restraints, to find out what nurses regard as advantages and disadvantages in placing patients into net bed enclosures, to identify how nurses see the public´s attitude to the issue of the use of bed net enclosures and to determine the public opinion on the use of net bed enclosures. It can be seen from the results that over several years the approach to this issue of both the public and the medical management has changed and there is a readiness to use physical restraints or net bed enclosures properly and in accordance with human rights and human dignity. This thesis may be used as a theoretical basis for training students of non-medical disciplines or in training nurses on the issue related to the restraints. Furthermore, it could be used as a guide for the public to get the notion how the restraints and net bed enclosures are being used, how much attention is being paid to human dignity and personal liberty. This thesis also provides an overview of how the issue has evolved over time and what level it has reached at present. The issue of net bed enclosures and restraints in general is very "sensitive". Over the past ten years this issue has undergone many changes, has aroused indignation, but also understanding. Forms of restraints will certainly be the subject of a lot of negative or positive discussions in the future. It is important that nurses consider the patients, in which restraints have been applied, as their partners, that they meet all their needs and do their best to provide comfort taking into consideration their individualities.
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Deficit of nurse - educator in nursing profession or patients after amputation of lower limb.
BLAFKOVÁ, Šárka
My thesis deals with the deficit of educating nurses who serve post-amputation patients in nursing practice. Five goals were defined in the thesis. Some of them deal with post-amputation care of the patient and others with post-amputation education of the patient in nursing practice. Goal 1: To map nursing care of the amputation stump from a nurse's perspective. Goal 2: To find out whether nurses educate the patient after leg amputation according to the education plan. Goal 3: To find out whether obstacles exist preventing nurses from educating the patient after leg amputation. Goal 4: To find out the most common post-amputation problems according to patients. Goal 5: To find out how patients view the post-amputation education. All goals were met. Hypotheses and research questions were also defined. Three hypotheses were defined. Hypothesis 1: When caring for the patient after leg amputation, nurses adhere to the rules for amputation stump nursing - Confirmed. Hypothesis 2: When educating the patient after leg amputation, nurses utilize the education plan {--} Confirmed. Hypothesis 3: When educating the patient after leg amputation, the most common obstacle stated by nurses is a time deficit {--} Not confirmed. Three research questions were defined as well. Research question 1: What are the common post-amputation problems according to patients? Answer 1: The most common problems according to patients are movement and learning to walk. Research question 2: When do post-amputation patients require the assistance of nurses? Answer 2: Post-amputation patients require nurse assistance during physical activities, mainly during movement. Research question 3: Do patients view the post-amputation education as a benefit? Answer 3: Patients view the post-amputation education as a benefit. The benefit consists in being taught certain activities or having them explained. The result of this thesis is an education plan specifically tailored for patients after a leg amputation. It describes the individual educational steps for post-amputation patients.
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Holistic approach in nephrology out-patient care
NOVOTNÁ, Anna
This Bachelor´s work deals with the holistic approach to clients of nefrological departments.It would confront the approach of nurses with patients´ expectations. Nefrological patients are people of any age with acute or chronic renal dysfunction which needs special care of medical staff. A nefrological care is a process of planning, evaluating and special care and treatment of nefrological patients. People are cultural and spiritual beings who acquire a mind-body-spirit healing care. A holistic approach helps us get more information of clients and with it meet their mind-bodyspirit needs. The aim of this survey has been to gain information about the care and medical staff approach to patients in nefrological departments, if nurses can see mind-bodyspirit aspects in their patients. The hypotheses and research questions were set like this: Clients are not given a holistic care. The attention is not paid to mind-body-spirit needs of clients. Can nurses see clients of nefrological departments holisticly? The hypotheses assumed at the beginning were not proved. The patients of the nefrological department where I did the survey are treated holisticly and a special attention is paid to meeting mind-body-spirit requirements of the clients. The nurses of these departments can see their patients holisticly. The results of this work are really valuable and beneficial because nefrological departments are basic and important parts in the complex preparation of patients to further therapeutic methods.
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Basal stimulation of children
TLAMSOVÁ, Alena
ABSTRACT Basal stimulation of children Basal stimulation concept is an inherent part of life of people with physical or mental disability. It is a contribution for patients who experience any perception problems but also within a care for premature infants. The basal stimulation concept has currently been in the period of implementation and putting into practice. Various medical and social facilities have currently been operating with this concept in the Czech Republic. Through a qualitative investigation using a non-standard interview we tried to find out, whether the basal stimulation has any contribution for child{\crq}s development. There were chosen two objectives: O1: To find out the contribution of basal stimulation for child{\crq}s development from the view of general and children{\crq}s nurses. O2: To find out the contribution of basal stimulation for child{\crq}s development in the view of a family. The objectives were fulfilled. During the investigation we addressed eight general and children{\crq}s nurses. Three nurses have been working at the neonatal and children{\crq}s department of Nemocnice Písek, Joint Stock Company. Other two nurses have been working at the neonatal department of Nemocnice České Budějovice, Joint Stock Company. The remaining three nurses have been working in Světluška, the public beneficial organisation and the children{\crq}s social welfare institution in České Budějovice. Other research sample were parents of four children experiencing basal stimulation. It ensued from the result analysis that general and children{\crq}s nurses think that basal stimulation has a contribution for child{\crq}s development and can see changes of perception and behaviour after involving basal stimulation in care. It further ensued from the results that also parents think that basal stimulation has a contribution for child{\crq}s development and can also see changes of perception and behaviour after basal stimulation has been involved within care.
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Basal stimulation and kinaesthetics and their integration into the the care of seniors with specific problems
POLICHRONOVOVÁ, Lenka
Summary In my bachelor's thesis I focus on an integration of a stimulatory care into daily activities of seniors with heavy motoric, cognitive or perceptional changes by the means of the concept Basal stimulation and by the means of the concept Kinaesthetic mobilisation. In a theoretical part I describe an old age with manifestations of involution, I marginally mention a neurorehabilitation, nursing in order to point out a penetration of rehabilitation into the care which is directed to therapeutic aim in a nursing way. Subsequently I deal with both concepts, with individual stimulations and with kinaesthetic principles of mobilization. In a practical part there was a qualitative research applied. A data sampling was implemented by the way of a secondary analysis of documents and by a method of observation. An observation was implemented both as involved and neutral one. There was an instrumental method of casuistics applied to describe an integration of concepts into the care. The diversity of sample was the main criterion at choice. There were 4 males and 2 females in the age range 53{--}95 years old in a set. The objective of work no. 1 was to create an integrated image of the possibilities of integration and of utilization of elements from a concept of basal stimulation and kinaesthetic mobilisation in the care of seniors with specific problems. The objective no. 2 was to support a theory that an interconnection of a concept of basal stimulation and kinaesthetics leads to the development of perceptiveness and to improvement of skills and capabilities. The objective no. 3 presupposes that concepts of basal stimulation and kinaesthetics contribute to a support of overall perception and to improvement of the quality of life of seniors with a somatic, sensoric and mental affection. The objective no. 4 was to find out whether the concepts are a suitable communicational and educational form in a fundamental nursing care in order to achieve a higher level of self-service and mobility. All the objectives were achieved in my opinion. An importance of rehabilitation and psychosocial educational care even in old age ensued from an elaboration of a theoretical part. By the way of evaluation of a practical part I came to my personal opinion that a stimulation care has a positive effect even in a developmental stage of an old age. The thesis could become a source of information at introduction of concepts into practice; it could be conducive for family members when taking care of their close relatives or eventually as a basis for the purposes of study of these problems.
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Comprehensive care of person with Alzheimer's disease
ŘEHOŘOVÁ, Andrea
The thesis deals with the comprehensive care for a person with Alzheimer`s disease. As the population gets old, also the number of people with Alzheimer{\crq}s disease has been growing. Pursuant the survey, approx. 5 % population in the age of 65 years suffers from the middle up to high degree of dementia; thereof the Alzheimer{\crq}s disease represents 50{--}60 %. Its frequency roughly doubles every five years. Alzheimer{\crq}s disease is approximately the fourth most frequent cause of all the death cases. The main goals is to find out the extent of knowledge of lay public about Alzheimer{\crq}s disease in the South Bohemian region. Hereby we mean the information about the care, possibilities of healing, symptoms and prevention of Alzheimer{\crq}s disease. In connection with these goals the H1 hypothesis was postulated: The lay public was informed of Alzheimer{\crq}s disease. For achieving the given goal, the method of questioning, the technology of the questionnaire was used. 280 questionnaires were distributed among the persons older than 18 years and they were returned in 86 %. In total, 241 questionnaires were filled in, thereof 230 were filled in correctly and also evaluated. As the most important questions for confirming or not confirming the hypothesis the author determined questions concerning the knowledge of the AD treatment, AD symptoms, knowledge of facilities, consulting centre as well as other activities for the people with AD, occurrence of AD and forms of treatment. It followed from the results that H1 hypothesis was not confirmed. Two partial targets were postulated for the given issue for the completeness sake. The first partial target was to describe the medically social issue of Alzheimer{\crq}s disease including its impact on all the spheres of the life of man: i.e. biological, psychological as well as social spheres. The second partial goal concerned the survey of services for persons with Alzheimer{\crq}s disease and their families in the South Bohemian Region. This thesis may be utilized in future as source of information about Alzheimer{\crq}s disease for the students of Faculty of Health and Social Studies in České Budějovice and for persons from the lay public who would like to learn more of Alzheimer{\crq}s disease.
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The need of sleep by patients with cardiovascular disease in ICU
KABEŠOVÁ, Jitka
Lately, attention has been focused on sleep problems. Poor quality sleep, insomnia or intentional sleep shortening are risk factors for cardiovascular disease development, overweight, diabetes and mental disorders. During hospitalization in the ICU the sleep quality in patients usually worsens not only because the disease itself but also owing to other factors, such as fear, anxiety, lack of information on the disease, unfamiliar environment or noisy monitors. The theoretical part is divided into five basic chapters as follows: sleep characteristics, the issue of sleep, cardiovascular disease, meeting sleep needs in patients in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit and the intervention of a nurse in meeting sleep needs in the sleep laboratory. I set two objectives in my thesis: The first objective: to learn if sleep needs in patients in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit are met. The second objective: to identify factors influencing the fulfilment of sleep needs in patients in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit. Two hypotheses were suggested: The hypothesis I: sleep needs in patients hospitalized in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit are not met, The hypothesis II: the most percieved factor influencing sleep in patients in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit was the change of environment. To achieve the objectives I used the questionnaire method. The research set included patients hospitalized in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit in the České Budějovice hospital, Inc. The obtained data analysis shows that sleep needs in patients hospitalized in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit are not met. The most stressful factors are: the change of environment, monitor noisiness, lights switched on at night, uncomfortable beds and anxiety. The hypotheses were confirmed. The objectives of my thesis were accomplished. In the closing part of my thesis I suggest some solutions to improve patients´ feelings and meet their sleep needs, such as dim lights at night, turned down monitoring apparatuses alarm, patients activation during the day, a calming dialogue with the patient, bed making and airing the room before night. I also enclose some attachments treating the issue of sleep needs.
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Clients foreknowledge problems of postoperative and subsequent care after replacement of the cardiac valve
PRŮŠOVÁ, Vendula
Problems of clients` knowledgeability of postoperative and follow-up care in the case of heart valve substitute. Heart valve defects are unpredictable diseases that can exist without any symptoms for a long time. Heart valve operations comprise the most frequent group second to by-pass operations and nearly a half of all heart-surgical interventions with adult clients. The aim of the thesis was to find out about clients` knowledgeability of postoperative and follow-up care in the case of heart valve substitute, and what kind of information is needed to achieve by the clients from nurses; what educational materials are used to inform the clients with heart valve substitute and also to find out who are the clients with heart valve substitute informed by. Two hypotheses were predefined: 1 {--} Clients are satisfied with the provided information about postoperative and follow-up care in the case of heart valve substitute; 2 {--} Clients are informed about postoperative and follow-up care in the case of heart valve substitute. Three research inquiries were formed: 1 {--} Which is the most frequent information needed by clients with heart valve substitute from nurses? 2 {--} What kind of education is used for clients with heart valve substitute? 3 {--} Who are the clients with heart valve substitute informed by? Collecting data was performed using the combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. The quantitative ones were performed as questioning using the technique of a questionnaire, while the qualitative methods used the technique of a semi-standard dialogue. The research sample were the clients with heart valve substitute hospitalised in the cardiosurgical departments of the teaching hospitals in Motol, in Plzeň, in the Hospital České Budějovice, a joint-stock company, and nurses working in those departments. 80 questionnaires for clients were distributed, 74 of them were filled in and returned. Ten nurses were addressed. The above-mentioned four aims were fulfilled. Hypotheses H1 and H2 were confirmed. The nurses answered the research inquiries 1,2 and 3; the answers were analysed and the analyses were used for forming the hypotheses: 1. The most frequent information needed by clients with heart valve substitute from nurses are about moving activity, pain, physiotherapy, connection to instruments, possible complications, about housework, possible staying in spa, return to the occupation, principle of taking Warfarin, about regullary cardiology control. 2. The clients with heart valve substitute are educated by discussion and by the informational brochure. 3. The clients with heart valve substitute are educated by the doctor and the nurse. The results of this thesis will be submitted to the managements of the above mentioned hospitals as material to consider amending the informational brochure for the clients so that they would get the missing information about postoperative and follow-up care in the case of heart valve substitute. I suppose that education{\crq}s efficiency and forknowledge of the clients with heart valve substitute could be improved in this way.
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Possibilities of care of children with deep developmental disabilities and possibilities of their education in the social welfare institution of the centre ARPIDA, o.s.
BÁRTA, Václav
This bachelor work is focused on possibilities of a care for children with the profound mental retardation and possibilities of their education in the daily social welfare institution at ARPIDA Centre in České Budějovice. The aim was to chart and evaluate practicable ways of the care, upbringing and education of these children and to judge their effectiveness and meaningfulness. The education of the children with the profound mental retardation is carried out under § 42 of Education Act No. 561/2004 of Collection of Laws, which provides that the form of the education should correspond to psychical and physical possibilities of the children. The education of the children with the profound mental retardation is carried out under an individual educational plan, which takes into account the character and the degree of the disablement of the child and the possibilities of his future development. Specifically provided objectives and methods also play an important role in the education of the children with the profound mental retardation.An important element in the care for children with the profound mental retardation is a multidisciplinary comprehensive system of rehabilitation using medical, social, pedagogical and working means. It is especially aimed at a mitigation of disability effects, but also at an integration of the disabled person in the society.
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