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Possibilities of removing metals from drinking water sources by water treatment processes
Marzinová, Kristýna ; Látal,, Milan (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
In my diploma thesis I focused on the issue of metals, their occurrence in drinking water sources in the Czech Republic and the possibility of their removal by water supply processes. Heavy metals degrade the quality of water resources, so more complex water treatment technologies are needed. The first part describes the metals, their properties, their significance and occurrence in water, then the possibility of removing metals using water supply processes. In the practical part of the diploma thesis I performed a laboratory experiment to remove iron, manganese and nickel by adsorption on selected filter materials, which are Filtrasorb F100, Filtrasorb F 400, Bayoxide E33 and GEH. The experiment was used to compare the effectiveness of selected sorption materials.
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Haloacetic acids in drinking water
Poslušná, Markéta ; Načeradská, Jana (advisor) ; Barešová, Magdalena (referee)
Chlorination byproduct occur during water disinfection. These by-product are formed by the reactions between disinfectants and natural organic matter. High concentration od natural organic matter require higher doses of oxidizing agent, which increases the formation of chlorination byproduct. Chlorination byproduct pose health risk so they must be eliminated. This work researches focuses on the occurence of chlorination byproduct in several countries and evaluates the suitability of limits concentrations. The literary research has shown that there are currently not many studies about monitoring the occurence of chlorination byproduct. If these studies exist, they are often old and therefore i tis not possible to rationally assess the quality of drinking water in term of the occurrence of chlorination byproduct. Trichloracetic acid, dichloracetit acid and dibromacetic acid are mainly important from the health point of view. The are identifield as possible carcinogens. Higher concentrations of dichloracetic acid and trichloracetic acid were observed in most studies. The result of the studies show that the highest concentration of haloacetic acid were recorded in the cities of Cherepovets (Rusia), Athens (Greece), Warsaw (Poland) and Findland. Concentrations of haloacetic acid did not exceed the limit...
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Evaluation of the benefits of reconstruction at the water treatment plant
Zikudová, Markéta ; Nováková, Jana (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The subject of this bachelor thesis is a comparison and evaluation of the condition of the Nudvojovice water treatment plant before and after the reconstruction. The bachelor thesis gradually describes the basic concepts and general principles of treatment of raw water for drinking water. Specifically, the work describes the methods of raw water collection, technologies used in treatment plants, water quality indicators and types of water treatment plants. The work also describes in detail the Nudvojovice water treatment plant before reconstruction, which took place in 2018 and after. The work is mainly focused on the collection of raw water, changes in treatment technology and the quality of raw and treated water. The work also presents other than implemented solutions for drinking water treatment and then compares the status of the original and reconstructed water treatment plant in various respects.
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Evaluation of the efficiency of a pilot ultrafiltration unit
Zelinová, Kristína ; Biela, Renata (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The first part of this bachelor thesis deals with a summary of current knowledge about membrane technologies and their application in drinking water treatment. There are listed different types of membranes and classification of membrane processes. Further on, there are defined operation processes that are related to their use in water treatment plants and there are also listed some of the water treatment plants in the Czech republic, where these technologies were or are still being used. In the second part if this thesis, there is described a situation in a village Poniky, in Slovak republic, which suffers from seasonally increased turbidity on one of their drinking water sources. The owner of the water supply system has an intention of treating this water quality problem by using a membrane technology. This thesis presents and evaluates results from the first membrane tests executed on the affected water source.
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The impact of algal organic matter on coagulation of other impurities present in surface waters
Barešová, Magdalena
Drinking water treatment is facing an adverse impact of algae especially when they extensively decay and release cellular organic matter (COM). As the character and consequently the removal efficacy of COM depends on the individual species, the thesis compares algal organic matter (AOM) derived from four common phytoplankton species: green alga Chlamydomonas geitleri, diatom Fragilaria crotonensis, and cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Merismopedia tenuissima. To evaluate the differences between extracellular and cellular organic matter, we monitored the growth of those organisms and compared AOM obtained at different growth phases. As COM is not only difficult to coagulate, but also hinders the coagulation of other substances, the thesis investigates the effect of simultaneous coagulation of COM with other impurities present in surface waters: kaolin, humic substances (HS) or cyanobacterial cells of M. tenuissima. Coagulation behaviour was studied by the jar tests performed with single components and their mixtures with and without a coagulant (ferric or aluminium sulphate). Special emphasis was paid to proteinaceous COM of M. aeruginosa; to enhance the removability of proteinaceous matter we implemented pre-oxidation. Coagulation effectively removed turbidity (up to 99%) either of clay or...
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Chemical-technological audit of the WTP Tlumačov - assessment of the technology of suspension formation and separation
Pivokonský, Martin ; Čermáková, Lenka ; Prokopová, Michaela ; Fialová, Kateřina ; Sochorová, H. ; Haidl, Jan
The report describes the assessment of the sludge formation and separation technology at the WTP Tlumačov in two measuring cycles (summer 2020 and spring 2021) in profiles: i) aeration, ii) effluent from the reaction tank, iii) flocculation, iv) sediment inflow, v) after sedimentation, vi) inflow to filtration, vii) after filtration, on the right and left line of ÚV Tlumačov. The report assessed the quality of raw and treated water and the effectiveness of destabilization and aggregation. The preparation of the suspension in the phase of fast and slow mixing and separation of flakes were evaluated. Aggregation tests (sedimentometric analysis) were used for this purpose.
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Monitoring drug removal efficiency from water by selected adsorbents
Moravčíková, Světlana ; Talašová, Lucie (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the efficiency of removal of pharmaceuticals from drinking water by selected adsorption materials. The first part describes sources of pharmaceuticals in drinking water and possible ways of contaminating water by pharmaceuticals. Subsequently, the pharmaceuticals most commonly found in the environment - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, psychiatric drugs and sex hormones - are described in more detail. Next, the thesis describes the processes used for removal of pharmaceuticals. These are activated carbon adsorption, membrane processes and advanced oxidation processes. The last chapter of the theoretical part of the thesis deals with water treatment plants, where the technologies for removing drugs are already in operation. In the practical part of this thesis an experiment was performed and evaluated, for a purpose of comparing the efficiency of selected sorption materials in the removal of diclofenac from water. Filtrasorb F100, Bayoxide E33 and GEH were used.
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The impact of algal organic matter on coagulation of other impurities present in surface waters
Barešová, Magdalena
Drinking water treatment is facing an adverse impact of algae especially when they extensively decay and release cellular organic matter (COM). As the character and consequently the removal efficacy of COM depends on the individual species, the thesis compares algal organic matter (AOM) derived from four common phytoplankton species: green alga Chlamydomonas geitleri, diatom Fragilaria crotonensis, and cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Merismopedia tenuissima. To evaluate the differences between extracellular and cellular organic matter, we monitored the growth of those organisms and compared AOM obtained at different growth phases. As COM is not only difficult to coagulate, but also hinders the coagulation of other substances, the thesis investigates the effect of simultaneous coagulation of COM with other impurities present in surface waters: kaolin, humic substances (HS) or cyanobacterial cells of M. tenuissima. Coagulation behaviour was studied by the jar tests performed with single components and their mixtures with and without a coagulant (ferric or aluminium sulphate). Special emphasis was paid to proteinaceous COM of M. aeruginosa; to enhance the removability of proteinaceous matter we implemented pre-oxidation. Coagulation effectively removed turbidity (up to 99%) either of clay or...
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Are cyanobacteria capable of enhancing drinking water treatment? Sci-fi or reality?
Barešová, Magdalena ; Načeradská, Jana ; Novotná, Kateřina ; Pivokonská, Lenka ; Pivokonský, Martin
Drinking water treatment struggles with cyanobacteria and algae mainly on a seasonal basis especially when they decay and release amounts of cellular organic matter (COM). As COM is not only difficult to be removed but it also impacts the removability of other impurities, this paper aims to evaluate the effect of COM derived from two common cyanobacterial species– Microcystis aeruginosa and Merismopedia tenuissima on coagulation of other naturally occurring particles and molecules present in surface waters: kaolin suspension, humin substances and cells of M. tenuissima. Our findings show that higher COM concentrations do not have to disrupt coagulation. When COM interacts with other impurities, it can even lower coagulant doses and increase both turbidity and humic matter removal efficiencies.
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The impact of algal organic matter on coagulation of other impurities present in surface waters
Barešová, Magdalena ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Ambrožová, Jana (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (referee)
Drinking water treatment is facing an adverse impact of algae especially when they extensively decay and release cellular organic matter (COM). As the character and consequently the removal efficacy of COM depends on the individual species, the thesis compares algal organic matter (AOM) derived from four common phytoplankton species: green alga Chlamydomonas geitleri, diatom Fragilaria crotonensis, and cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Merismopedia tenuissima. To evaluate the differences between extracellular and cellular organic matter, we monitored the growth of those organisms and compared AOM obtained at different growth phases. As COM is not only difficult to coagulate, but also hinders the coagulation of other substances, the thesis investigates the effect of simultaneous coagulation of COM with other impurities present in surface waters: kaolin, humic substances (HS) or cyanobacterial cells of M. tenuissima. Coagulation behaviour was studied by the jar tests performed with single components and their mixtures with and without a coagulant (ferric or aluminium sulphate). Special emphasis was paid to proteinaceous COM of M. aeruginosa; to enhance the removability of proteinaceous matter we implemented pre-oxidation. Coagulation effectively removed turbidity (up to 99%) either of clay or...
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