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Handling of the baking industry returns
PAZDERA, František
Diploma work is based on technological, economic and legislative assesment of the problem of using bekary returns to propose alternative solution in relation to the processing technology of anaerobic fermentation. The participation of bakery returnts were laboratory simulated in automatic anaerobic fermenters called Stix. Teoretical part is focused on valid legislation. The economical assessment was evaluated by the index of the net present value. The highest production of methan was evaluated in propotion 100:0 of bakey returns and dung. Although the ideal proportion is 50:50 from economic assessment.
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The application of the process of high-pressure hydrolysis with nitric acid at the production of biogas from hay
VANĚK, Zbyněk
This thesis deals with the technology of the high pressure hydrolysis with nitric acid (HNO3) in biogass production from the hay. The theoretical part is focused on the basic information about the acid hydrolisis. Much attention is ingaged in the lignocellulosic materials and methods of their treatment.The hay was crushed, pelleted and subsequently subjected the acid hydrolysis in the high-pressure hydrolyzer (UV CZ 21314) at pressures (0,475 MPa, 0,934 MPa, 1,611 MPa). As the hydrolysis reagent was used highly concentrated (65%) nitric acid (HNO3). The pressure was achieved in the hydrolyzer by the steam in temparature of 190°C, the residence time of the phytomass in the machine was 500s. Based on the mapping process with wide CO2 production were selected the interesting areas, which were subsequently carried out detailed mapping process using batch simulations at CH4 production. After the mathematical interpolation of the maxima the values were used in the economic analysis, that fully respects the technological possibilities and legislative constraints.
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Technological and economic assessment of the use of extrusion of corn silage for biogas
MALÍK, Vladimír
My work assesses the technology use of corn silage extrusion for biogass production based on biological proces, technological limits, legislation and financial indicators of the biogass station. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the extrusion process. Based on the robust simulation of the experimental part we can conclude, that the pressure of 1.372 MPa probably moves close to the biotechnological optimum in the relation to the kinetics production of CH4 in certain conditions (the temperature of 38 °C, the delay time of the corn silage in the high pressure extruder CZ UV 21314 was 600 s). From the economic point of view, the assessment was carried out using the net present value (NPV), which serves as a criterion for evaluation of the profitability of investment projects. The technology seems to be a very interesting alternative not only for financial viability reasons, but also in relation to the environment.
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Production and usage of biogass in South Bohemia
KALINOVÁ, Lenka
The bachelor's thesis deals in particular with comparison of biogas production in individual biogas stations in the South Bohemian Region. In addition, the thesis describes fundamental parameters such as year of commissioning, installed electric output, installed thermal output, input material and employed technologies. Based on the foregoing information, it is possible to conclude that the individual biogas stations have a positive impact not only on the utilization of the produced biogas for energy purposes but also on the environment, waste degradation, reduction of the risk of contamination and acquisition of high-quality fertilizer.
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The intilization of waste heat from biogas plants
ZAJÍC, Pavel
?Utilization of waste heat from biogas stations? The thesis is focused on problems of utilization of waste heat which is created during combustion of biogas in cogeneration units. The utilization of residual heat enables to significantly increase the energetic efficiency of existing and newly built biogas stations. There is the description of the biogas station in Třebon and the technical and economic analysis of solutions to the physical separation of production and utilization of biogas in the place of heat consumption. This case, where the produced biogas is transported by a gas pipeline to the newly built space for heat consumption, is one of the prospective solutions how to use the available heat from biogas stations.
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Energy using of biomasy from agriculture
ŠPAČEK, Zdeněk
This thesis deals with comparing the suitability of growing grass for energy use over the energy use of the residual agricultural biomass. The thesis includes characterization, agrotechnics, cultivation, harvesting and yield of each crop species and their comparison is shown in several graphic examples. According to the information gathered, maize and sorghum are the most suitable for the production of biogas, especially due to the amount of ?green mass? produced. The most useful for burning is Miscanthus, which is distinguished for its high dry mass yield, immunity to weeds, and the highest heating value and energy yield.
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Sorghum as the energy crop
CIBULKOVÁ, Renata
Sorghum, one of the world's major cereals, is the most commonly used for food or fodder. The aim of this Bachelor thesis is in a form of literary review to summarize information about the properties of sorghum in view of energy use, energy yields, the cultivation technology for energy purposes, the possibilities of using sorghum for energy purposes and the situation in the world and the Czech Republic. Recently sorghum has been tested as a raw material for all branches of the energy industry because of the wide range of potential products such as ethanol, hydrogen, methane, lipids, acetone, butanol and lactic acid. Sorghum can be used as biofuels due to the relatively high yields of phytomass. Utilization of individual species of sorghum depends on their chemical composition that can be significantly influenced by climatic conditions and way of cultivation. Crops improvement plays an important role for increasing production and utilization of this cereal in all climatic conditions.
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The utillization of maize for energetic purposes
WOLLNER, Antonín
The goal of my thesis is to evaluate the importance of maize in biogas plants. The questionnaire was made to determine the parameters of hybrid corn, its harvest, subsequent silage, inclusion in the daily batch of biogas plants, and various technical and economic parameters. Twenty five biogas plants were addressed to participate in the survey. Despite the promise of anonymity, the data were obtained from only six biogas plants. Biogas plants are located in different regions of the Czech Republic, at different altitudes. The sixth and the last biogas plant is located in Austria.
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