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Analysis of competitive ski mountaineering and use of a hypoxic environment
Legová, Tereza ; Jindra, Matouš (advisor) ; Gnad, Tomáš (referee)
Based on a search of available resources, I report on racing skialpinism and training at higher altitudes. The aim of this work is to compare the performance of the reprezentation of Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland in skialpinism at the World Cup, World and Europe Championships three years before and three years after the Central European Cup (SEP) (2016). And to find out if SEP really contributed to increasing success at these international races. I have analyzed the numbers of competitors and the success of the countries participating in SEP in the World Cup, the European and World Championships before and after the introduction of SEP. I also compared the altitude profile of the World Cup races in skialpinism and compared it to the Central European Cup (SEP). I focused on the average altitude of the race, track length, elevation and the highest peak. According to the findings, Czech competitors were more successful in skiing before the SEP, either in the World Cup or in the European and World Championships. SEP races compare to the World Cup are laid down below, shorter and lacking a technical passage. On the other hand, the competitors get more meters over them. Based on these results, I suggest that races in skialpinism within SEP should be more similar to the World Cup, at least in terms...
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Factors affecting UV index in the Czech Republic
Tomanová, Helena ; Pokorná, Lucie (advisor) ; Čížková, Klára (referee)
Factors affecting UV index in the Czech Republic Abstract Recently, the shortwave radiation signified as UV radiation became a popular topic, connected mainly to the loss of ozone in the stratosphere. This radiation has both positive and negative effects on humans. Therefore, the UV index was introduced, which express the biological effect of UV radiation on human health. The thesis describes the geographical parameters and meteorological conditions affecting the values of UV index. The UV radiation its measurement methods, and its effects on human health and other living organisms is described in detail in the theoretical section. It also contains the definition of UV index and the factors affecting the UV index magnitude: latitude, the height of the sun above the horizon, altitude, cloud cover and the character of the active surface. Links between UV index and individual parameters are checked in the practical section using the UV index measurement from four stations in the Czech Republic during the period 2011 - 2017. The research shows, that the UV index is significantly lower for an overcast sky in comparison with clear sky. The present of snow cover increases the effects of UV radiation, particularly for the high elevations of the sun above the horizon. Key words: Czech Republic, global radiation,...
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The inclusion of high altitude training for attendance in alpine skiing races
Ptáčník, Marek ; Jindra, Matouš (advisor) ; Fořterová, Petra (referee)
Title: The inclusion of high altitude training for attendance in alpine skiing races Objectives: The purpose of this Bachelor thesis was on the grounds of collected information determine, if the training in hypoxic area is needed for attendance in alpine skiing disciplines. Methods: In this Bachelor thesis was used the method of documents analysis, then searching in electronic database was used. Next method was collecting information from schedule of every single alpine discipline races. Results: Results of thesis are, that neccesity of inclusion hypoxic training is different for each discipline. We may say, that high altitude training is needed for downhill and super G specialists, whose performence is very often longer than 90 seconds, which is the border known as very imoprtant for inclusion of high altitude training. Hypoxic training for technical disciplines is not neccesary in view of the fact that races in slalom and giant slalom didn't cross the border of 90 seconds even once. Altitude of single races gives us similar results. Races of downhill and super G take place very often in 2000 meters above sea level - 33 races of 45 in super G and 31 of 56 in downhill. 2000 meters above sea level is the decisive border for high altitude training inclusion. Races of technical disciplines take place...
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Extreme daily temperature range in Czechia in 1961-2007
Maňhal, Daniel ; Pokorná, Lucie (advisor) ; Lhotka, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis deals with the extreme daily temperature range (DTR) during the period 1961-2007 for the extended winter season, based on an analysis of the daily series from 49 climatological stations in the Czech Republic. The aim of the research was to find the frequency of the extreme DTR in the individual months and describe the effect of the sunshine, the snow cover and the altitude on the magnitude of the extreme DTR. Moreover, the work focused on the identification of typical synoptic situations, during the days with extreme DTR. During the study period, 1746 days with extreme DTR were detected at least at one climatological station. The extreme DTR occurred most often in March in the anticyclonic situations. During the days with strong wind, the eastern flow direction prevailed anticyclonic situations whereas the western direction prevailed cyclonic situations. The highest values of the extreme DTR generally occurred in the lowlands since the magnitude of extreme DTR decreased with increasing altitude. In general, the values of extreme DTR were reduced (by 0,2 řC on average) during the days with snow cover. Cloud cover had a similar effect, the mean difference of extreme DTR between cloudy days (defined as days with sunshine duration less than 1 h/day) and sunny days was 0,5 řC. The acquired...
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Analysis of the influence of ski training in the first year of the study program PE and Sport at high altitude on the selected students' fitness requirements
KŘÍŽENECKÝ, Daniel
This thesis analyzes the physical predispositions of students from the first grade of the physical education who attended a ski course. This course took place in France. This fact is quite important for the thesis because the course took place in a higher altitude. The main aim of the thesis is to compare results of tested probands before and after the course. At first, there was an information meeting where we provided more information about the aim of this thesis and about the testing. After this meeting we went to KTVS laboratory where the first measuring happened. After that all probands and other students left for the ski course to France for a week. The accommodation was in an Alpe d´Huez center which is situated 1860 meters and the highest point of it which is 3330 meters above the sea level. Probands were practicing in very high altitude all week. In this thesis we also look at how hard it is to work in this altitude, what kind of advantages and disadvantages it might have and which danger might come up. It is also necessary to think about the process of how probands should prepare themselves not to underestimate anything. The second measuring happened after the return to the Czech Republic. It also took place in KTVS laboratory. After the measuring we started analyzing all measured data of probands. We compared this data. After that we realised what this course brought to the students. We wanted to know what happens in following parts: body composition, Wingate test, spiroergometry and spirometry. In each part we were interested in some specific parameters that are related to this topic. We included specific parameters like: body fat, muscle mass, body water, maximum performance, average performance, maximum 5 seconds performance, fatigue index, VO2max, oxygen pulse, minute respiratory volume and vigorous vital capacity.
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Teplotné zabezpečenie vybraných odrôd révy vinnej v oblasti Južnej Moravy
Ferík, Samuel
The objective of this bachelor theses is to evaluate temperature conditions based on the heliothermic index (HI) for four grapevine species Müller-Thurgau, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon and Nebbiolo. Heliothermic index was calculated for South Moravia region based on 24 weather stations located in altitude 176-722 m.a.s.l. This HI was calculated for year 1965-2009 and estimated change of HI according to emission scenarios was calculated for the year 2036-2065. In conclusion temperature conditions for chosen grapevine varieties have been improved in lower altitudes and it will continue to improve. In the higher altitudes the change is not that significant. Shift of the vine regions towards the higher altitudes might not happen because of some other climatic influences which haven´t been evaluated in this theses, although in some higher altitudes the HI is sufficient for some grapevine varieties.
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Vliv solární radiance na strukturu xylému jehlic smrku ztepilého
Bartoňová, Lenka
In this thesis is evaluated the xylem structure of Norway spruce needles depending on solar radiation and altitude. Same-age spruce stand has been selected on the area of Hruby Jesenik at different altitudes on the southern and northern exposure. Sun needle samples were taken on each stand. The analysis of xylem structure was done. The number of tracheids, tracheid diameter, tracheid area and xylem area were evaluated. It was found that more than 50% dependence of xylem parameters on altitude and solar radiation, where exposure significantly affects the xylem structure only at altitudes above 1 200 m. The prediction maps show that the highest values of predicted xylem parameter values are found between 800 m and 1200 m about sea level.
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Vliv solární radiance na morfologickou a anatomickou stavbu jehlic smrku ztepilého
Ambrož, Petr
There were chosen twelve localities with even-aged Norway spruce trees from different altitudes and northern and southern exposure at the Jeseníky Mountains. One-year old sun-exposed shoots were sampled from every locality. Needles were taken from shoots and then used for making the cross-sections. Additional needles were taken for needle area, needle length and dry matter analysis. Anatomical analysis was done on the microscopic pictures. The predictive maps for some morphological and anatomical parameters were created by the use of elevations and solar radiation data in ArcGIS. It was found that with increasing altitude the morphological and anatomical parameters of needles were not in linear progress. The best correlations with solar radiation was found for needle length. In this case, the change of needle length was explained by 82 % by the change of solar radiation. Although the growth of needles and thus the tree is determined by complex influence of external and internal factors, these results indicate significant effect of solar radiation on the Norway spruce growth at the Jeseníky Mountains.
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Drivers of avian diversity on an altitudinal gradient of Mount Cameroon
Djomo Nana, Eric ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Šálek, Miroslav (referee) ; Waltert, Matthias (referee)
Altitudinal gradients constitute a powerful test system for understanding distribution of species around the globe. Tropical mountains are quite rich in species even after controlling for environmental productivity, and are ideally suited for studying patterns of species distributions because they have had sufficient time for species to produce a response to environmental changes that affect their life histories. In this thesis, I investigate basic ecological mechanisms potentially behind avian distribution patterns along an altitudinal gradient in West-Central Africa. I used data collected with four methodological approaches (point counts, mist netting, random walks and artificial nest experiments) along an altitudinal gradient on Mt. Cameroon from October 2011 to September 2013. This work is focused on two interrelated themes: selection pressures on life histories (Chapters 1, 2, 3 & 4), and avian assemblage structures (Chapters 5 & 6). In the General Introduction, I present an overview of the study area with conservation implications of the study and my study objectives. In Chapters 1, 2 & 3, I investigate how selection pressures, i.e., nest predation and parasitism by haematozoa, affect bird assemblages. I used artificial nest experiments to assess nest predation rates in Chapters 1 & 2, and my...
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The altitudinal dependence of long-term surface air temperature changes
Krauskopf, Tomáš ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Pokorná, Lucie (referee)
The altitudinal dependence of long-term surface air temperature changes Abstract In this work there is summarized the scientific literature which is focused on the spatial distribution of long-term surface air temperature changes, specifically on the altitudinal dependence of warming rate. In this text this dependence is analyzed both globally and in several major mountain regions. The greatest attention is paid to the Swiss Alps, where is the largest network of weather stations and there should be achieved reliable results. Furthermore, this work refers to mechanisms that cause different rates of warming at different altitudes, such as snow-albedo feedback or changes in the frequency of fog and cloud. The aim of the practical part is then to analyze surface temperature trends in the Czech Republic and to assess the altitudinal dependence of long-term surface air temperature changes in our country. Keywords: climate change, temperature, trends, altitude
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