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Naturalized cacti in Europe and their traits.
BRABCOVÁ, Šárka
Non-native plant species represent one of the many most significant threats globally. This work focuses on cactus invasions in 31 European countries. Cacti are classified based on European databases according to their status as occasional, naturalised, in-troduced, invasive and cultivated. The aim of the work is to compile a species list of the cactus family (Cactaceae), focusing on naturalized cactus species, their use and the identification of their compe-titive ability in new areas. The highest number of non-native cactus species is recorded in the Mediterranean region. The countries with the highest number of species are Spain, Italy and France. The most widespread species is Opuntia ficus-indica. The combination of horticulture based on non-native species, intense human pres-sure on the territory, travel, trade, transport of various materials and climate change have caused conservation problems in recent decades and increased the success of cactus invasions in Europe.
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Weight monitoring of older schoolchildren at selected primary schools
MURČO VIRŠÍKOVÁ, Klára
The thesis is focused on monitoring the weight of older schoolchildren in selected schools. Its goal is to evaluate the weights of older schoolchildren at the Elementary School in Lišov and at the Bishop's gymnasium in České Budějovice using percentile graphs. One of the sub-goals is to complete this finding with a survey of knowledge about the principles of rational nutrition. The theoretical part approaches the topic of overweight and obesity in general and specifically in children, as well as the principles of rational nutrition. The practical part focuses on evaluating the weights of the 7th and 9th grade pupils at ZŠ Lišov and 2nd and 4th grade pupils at BiGy. The survey itself took place in selected classes in February 2024. There were 27 pupils in each class. The answers from the knowledge part of the questionnaires are evaluated in the practical part. Questionnaire questions were closed with one correct answer. There were a total of ten questions and they related to knowledge about rational nutrition. The tenth question asked about the sugar content in drinks, and the answers were an example of whether and how carefully the respondents read food and drink labels. Set BMI values were evaluated using percentile graphs. At primary school, the results were worse, where in the 7th grade only 37 % of respondents were in the category with a healthy weight and in the 9th grade even only 30 %. For gymnasium students, it was 59 % in the 2nd and 45 % in the 4th grade, and there was not a single respondent suffering from obesity in any of the classes. Based on the results found, it can be concluded that the pupils at the gymnasium don't have the same problems with overweight and obesity as the pupils at primary school. The biggest difference was noted between the 7th graders and the 2nd graders, when among the gymnasium there was not a single obese student and only one overweight student, while at primary school there were a total of 8 students in these two categories. Only the influence of the attended school on weight and the BMI was proven, while the influence of the pupils' age was not proven. The difference was also visible in the knowledge part of the questionnaire, regarding knowledge about rational nutrition. The knowledge of gymnasium students was 20 % better. At the gymnasium, the pupils had an average of 72 % of the correct answers, and at primary school it was only 52 %.
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Evaluation of iron intake in a selected group of women
KRŮČKOVÁ, Dominika
This thesis focuses on the assessment of iron intake in women. Women, especially those of childbearing age, are an at risk group for iron deficiency anaemia. This is because of the higher need for this trace element due to its loss during menstruation, in pregnant and lactating women the need for iron increases due to fetal nutrition and increased red blood cell production to ensure adequate oxygen transport to both mother and fetus. Iron intake was monitored in two groups of women, with the first group comprising women younger than 50 years of age, while the second group included women older than 50 years. Both groups consisted of six female respondents. Iron intake was assessed through four weekly dietary intakes. Dietary consumption was recorded for one year. One weekly diet was recorded by the respondent in each season. The diets were analysed through publicly available databases. The recommended standard for nutrient intake was based on the recommendations of DACH (2019). The aim of this study is to analyze the intake of iron, energy and essential nutrients and to compare the resulting values both within the two groups of respondents and with the official recommendation for the intake of each nutrient. According to the results, only one respondent from the age group over 50 years does not meet the recommended standard of 10 mg iron/day. In the group of women under 50 years of age, only 1 respondent meets the recommended standard of 15 mg iron/day. However, the iron intake of most of the respondents can be assessed as satisfactory. Furthermore, there was a difference in iron intake between the two groups of women, with women under 50 years receiving statistically more iron than women over 50 years. The effect of season on iron and essential nutrient intake was not demonstrated. A statistically significant difference was observed only in the energy intake of the group of women over 50 years of age, namely between the summer and autumn seasons, with women in this group taking in statistically more energy in the autumn season compared to the summer season. Furthermore, a positive moderate correlation was found between protein and iron intake. A varied and balanced diet that includes iron rich foods such as red meat, poultry, fish and legumes is essential for adequate iron intake. Iron absorption can be aided by simultaneous consumption of foods containing vitamin C.
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Histopathology and Molecular Biology of Gastrointestinal Tumours
Červenková, Lenka ; Souček, Pavel (advisor) ; Eckschlager, Tomáš (referee) ; Pivovarčíková, Kristýna (referee)
The incidence and mortality of gastrointestinal cancers are at a level that represents a serious problem. These tumours have non-specific clinical symptoms, which often results in late diagnosis. In recent years, there have been significant advances in the identification and monitoring of molecular markers of tumour changes in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of these diseases. However, clinical oncology still faces a shortage of such biomarkers. The aim of this study was to find new biomarkers that correlate especially with prognostic indicators and predictors of treatment response or chemoresistance in gastrointestinal tract cancers. This thesis is based on 5 studies addressing ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma using IHC and molecular methods. All studies were performed using archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. The main results include immunohistochemical evidence of protein expression of MRP2, SLC22A3 and SUR1/ABCC8 transporters and its significant association with the prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Patients without SLC22A3 protein expression in the apical membrane were found to have significantly shorter disease-free and overall survival. We found longer disease-free survival in patients with positive membrane...
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Biodegradation of 3D printed composites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
Gazdová, Nikol ; Menčík, Přemysl (referee) ; Melčová, Veronika (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the biodegradation of 3D printed bodies composed of poly(3- hyroxybutyrate), polylactic acid, bioceramics and plasticizer. These components were selected for their biocompatibility and properties that could be used in tissue engineering as a temporary, absorbable bone tissue replacement. The main objective was to investigate the effect of the individual constituent bodies on the biodegradation itself. Biodegradation was carried out at 37 °C in a solution simulating the ionic concentration of blood plasma. Samples were sequentially withdrawn at monthly intervals for five months. To evaluate the results, 2 methods were used, weight change and compression test, where the strength of each body was evaluated. From the evaluation of the data it was not possible to reach a uniform result on which substance influences biodegradation the most, because it always depended on the ratio of the other substances. To investigate the effect of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and polylactic acid on the rate of biodegradation, mixtures of RP9, RP10 and RP15 were compared. It showed that a higher polylactic acid and lower poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) content had a significant positive effect on the biodegradation rate, as the difference between the weight loss for the RP9 blend with the highest poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) content and the RP10 blend with the highest polylactic acid content was 8.37% for solid bodies and 4.13% for porous bodies. For strength, the difference was 73.32% and 73.65% for the solid and porous bodies, respectively. Observing the effect of bioceramic content on the RP11, RP12 and RP15 mixtures, we concluded that this effect was almost negligible on the biodegradation rate The difference in weight loss between the RP11 mixture with the lowest bioceramic content and the RP12 mixture with the highest bioceramic content was only 1, 68 % for solid bodies and 0.99 % for porous bodies, while mixture RP15 showed the highest biodegradation rate despite having a medium value of bioceramics in the mixture. For the mechanical properties, this then amounts to a difference of 10.4% for the solids and 7.57% for the porous bodies. When comparing the effect of plasticizer for mixes RP13, RP14 and RP15, the effect was more on the strength drop, where the difference in strength drop for mix RP13 with the lowest plasticizer content and RP14 with the highest plasticizer content was different by 20.3% and 18.16% for the solid and porous body, respectively. The decrease in weight was then different by 4.1 % and 0.83 % for the solid and porous body, respectively. Finally, bioceramics from different companies emerged as an important element for the biodegradation rate. Hydroxyapatite from Applichem was the best biodegraded and hydroxyapatite from CN Lab was the worst. The difference for weight loss was 17.35% for the solid and 5.93% for the porous body. The strength loss was then different by 55.6% for the solid body and 33.38% for the porous body.
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The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on aerobic exercise in adolescent athletes
BAHENSKÝ, Petr
Supplementation is generally increasingly popular at this time, so the aim of our bachelor thesis was to explore in more detail the effect of beta-alanine supplementation on aerobic load in adolescent athletes. We looked at how beta-alanine affects the performance and endurance of young athletes during physical activity. In total, 20 young athletes participated in the study, of whom 8 were boys and 12 were girls. They underwent two staged exercise tests over a four-week period. The athletes were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group that supplemented beta-alanine and the control group that took placebo. The results showed that after four weeks of beta-alanine supplementation, there was a significant improvement in the overall time to exhaustion. Specifically, an increase of 7.4 % was observed. The running rate at the second ventilation threshold increased by 5.7 %. An important aspect was also the blood lactate value, which increased by 8.8 % three minutes after the end of the test. This increase in lactate suggests that beta-alanine supplementation resulted in greater exhaustion, resulting in increased lactate production. Next finding was that other parameters such as VO2max, maximum heart rate and final respiratory exchange rate did not change significantly. This indicates the specificity of the effects of beta-alanine under aerobic load in adolescent athletes. In conclusion, the results of this bachelor's thesis suggest a positive effect of beta-alanine supplementation on aerobic load in young athletes. This dietary supplement can be a useful tool for improving endurance performance and achieving better sports results in this specific group.
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Motor performance and somatic characteristics of women
KALIŠOVÁ, Karolína
Karolína Kališová: Motor performance and somatic characteristics of women (age category 25,00 - 34,99). The aim of the thesis is to compare and evaluate the measured results of 36 women (volunteer firefighters) aged 25,00 - 34,99 years. Measurements were conducted from October 2023 to January 2024, focusing on body characteristics such as height, weight, circumferential dimensions (right arm, abdomen, hips, and right thigh), skinfold thickness (subscapular, suprailiac, above the biceps, above the triceps, on the mid-right thigh), and tests of spine mobility (Stibor's sign, Otto's sign, Schober's sign, Čepoj's sign, Thomayer's sign, and lateral flexion test). Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated for each subject based on height and weight, along with the sum of skinfolds. The research also included the evaluation of the foot printogram and a questionnaire on life satisfaction in the areas of health, work and employment, leisure time, own person, friends and relatives with additional supplementary questions. Interesting results of the study include, for example, a comparison of our sample with 50-year-old volunteer firefighters (Douchová, 2019), where significantly higher differences were observed in older women in terms of foot arch decline (tested by Chippaux and Šmiřák, average in the flat foot category), and spine mobility (Stibor's sign, Otto's sign, Schober's sign, Čepoj's sign, Thomayer's sign) was statistically significantly less in older women except for the cervical spine (tested by Čepoj's sign).
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Agricultural literacy - a knowledge probe for primary schools
BOČKOVÁ, Natálie
The aim of this thesis is to determine the level of agricultural literacy among fifth grade primary school students attending schools located in rural areas. The topic of the thesis was motivated by the lack of attention to this issue in the Czech environment. Despite the fact that some topics related to agricultural literacy are included in the Framework Educational Programme (RVP ZV), the very concept of agricultural literacy is relatively new in the Czech Republic. The literature section focuses on the landscape and its functions in relation to agricultural literacy, the definition of the term 'agricultural literacy' itself and the development of its inclusion in the curriculum. At the same time, the thesis analyses the RVP and the occurrence of topics aimed at strengthening agricultural literacy in pupils. Last but not least, the thesis offers an overview of teaching methods and forms that could contribute to the formation of an agriculturally literate society from the beginning of school attendance. The methodological part contains basic information about the respondents participating in the survey and information about the questionnaire design. Furthermore, the process of measurement is written in this part of the thesis. The results and subsequent comparison with research conducted with a different set of respondents is recorded in the final part of the thesis.
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The impact of specific food types and physical activity on breast cancer incidence and development in women
Dvořáková, Tereza ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Šuta Kimle, Katarína (referee)
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women globally. Modifiable risk factors such as diet and physical activity play a significant role in developing prevention strategies and interventions. The influence of diet and physical activity on the incidence and development of breast cancer is a subject of ongoing research. Healthy lifestyle patterns, characterized by balanced nutrition and regular physical activity, have shown positive implications in preventing the onset of breast cancer. The practical part of this paper uses data from 15 patients who participated in and completed the three-month ONKO-FIT intervention programme. The program aimed to evaluate the effects of targeted nutritional and exercise therapy on the physical condition of breast cancer patients. While the results did not show a statistically significant improvement due to the relatively small sample size, there was a non-zero positive effect, suggesting a possible influence of the therapy on the patients' physical condition. These initial findings underline the potential benefits of such lifestyle interventions, which could significantly impact the treatment and recovery process for breast cancer patients. However, these results also highlight the need for further studies with larger sample sizes to confirm the...
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Effects of detergents on activity, thermostability and aggregation of immobilized lipases
Bančáková, Anna ; Voběrková, Stanislava (referee) ; Hermanová, Soňa (advisor)
Predmetom tejto diplomovej práce bolo štúdium vplyvu detergentov na aktivitu, termostabilitu a agregáciu voľnej a imobilizovanej formy komerčného preparátu lipázy izolovanej z mikroskopickej huby Rhizopus arrhizus. Teoretická časť obsahuje ucelenú rešerš popisujúcu štruktúru, mechanizmus účinku a priemyselný význam spomínanej hydrolázy spolu s popisom chemických účinkov detergentov, pričom dôraz bol kladený predovšetkým na skupinu neionogénnych detergentov s názvom tweeny. V experimentálnej časti bol študovaný efekt tweenov na rozpustnej a imobilizovanej forme RA lipázy. Imobilizácia spočívala v priamej adsorpcii enzýmu na neupravený nosič. Ako nosič bol použitý oxidovaný grafén ošetrený tweenom (tween 20, 60, 80). Aktivita enzýmu bola stanovená spektrofotometricky za pomoci substrátu p-nitrofenyl laurátu. Zvýšenie aktivity voľnej lipázy (104 % oproti maximálnej hodnote) bolo zaznamenané pri použití tweenu 20 o koncentrácii vysoko nad hodnotou kritickej micelárnej koncentrácie (10 mmol•dm-3). Na základe štúdie imobilizačných podmienok, boli nastavené ideálne parametre pre dosiahnutie účinnej imobilizácie v spojení s čo najvyššou lipolytickou aktivitou (koncentrácia enzýmu 0,1 mg•ml-1, fosfátový tlmivý roztok pH 7,2, koncentrácia tweenu 10,8 mmol•dm-3, čas imobilizácie 1 hodina). Obe formy lipázy vykazovali maximálnu aktivitu pri 35 °C. Optimálne pH sa u imobilizovanej lipázy posunulo na hodnotu 8, v porovnaní s voľnou formou, ktorej pH optimum bolo stanovené na 9. Tepelná stabilita vykazovala približne rovnaký priebeh u oboch foriem skúmanej hydrolázy. Avšak v prípade štúdia stability enzýmu pri dlhodobej úschove bolo po imobilizácii zistené výrazné zlepšenie tohto parametru.
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