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Vliv klimatu na radiální přírůst smrku ztepilého na vybraných lokalitách Jeseníků
Majerko, Jaroslav
The main objective of this bachelor thesis was to determine the influence of climate on the radial growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in selected locations of the Jeseníky Mountains. The samples (160 in total) were collected at four different localities using the Pressler borer, and dendrochronological analysis was performed with the PAST 32 programme. Tree ring curves were detrended, autocorrelation was removed and the regional standard tree-ring chronology and the regional residual tree-ring chronology were created. The ARSTAN programe was used to remove the age trend of tree ring curves and to create a residual index standard chronology. This created a residual chronology used for modeling the impact of climatic parameters on the radial increment in the program DendroClim. At the same time an analysis of significant negative years was performed. The average tree ring curve from the different sites have high similarities, and shows that radial increment statistically and significantly correlated with temperature from March to July and with soil moisture from March to May of the same year. The most significant negative years, which responded to more than 40% of all trees, were 1974, 1980, 1984 and in 2003. These negative significant years were cause by a low rate of monthly rainfall and increasing average temperatures during the growing season.
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Hospodaření se srážkovými vodami v urbanizovaných územích ČR
Mikesková, Alena
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of the rainwater management in urbanized areas of the Czech Republic. The theoretical part describes in general the problems of rainwater management, especially the problems of climate change, the elements of rainwater management... Further attention is focused on the legislation that deals with the issue. The next section is aimed to describe the selected urbanized area. The attention is focused on the application of nature-friendly rainwater management measures in public buildings. Three variants are evaluated, for all of them are processed the estimated investment costs and the SWOT analysis.
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Vliv vlhkosti půdy na hydrologickou odezvu povodí při různých srážkových úhrnech
TOMANOVÁ, Markéta
This diploma thesis deals with the Influence of soil moisture on hydrological response of a catchment to precipitation. The study was conducted on the sub-basin of Jenínský stream in the monitored vegetation period for the years 2010 - 2013. The characteris-tics such as total precipitation, flow and soil volume moisture at different depths were monitored. The first part of this thesis contains a literature study that mentions soil moisture as one of the factors influencing the hydrological response of river drainage basins to precipitation. In the practical part, the thesis deals with the evaluation of measured precipitation totals and descriptive statistical values of flow and soil moisture at a depth of 30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm, 150 cm and 200 cm. The other section of the practical part deals with significant precipitation episodes and their impact of rain intensity on water runoff from the basin. The final objective is to evaluate the effect of soil moisture on surface runoff characteristics at different precipitation totals.
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The evaluation of nitrate concentrations in linkage with precipitation and water runoff in particular subcatchments of the Kopaninský stream.
HUDCOVÁ, Ivana
Diploma work deals with evaluation of nitrate concentration on trial on rainfall and runoff on partial profiles of Kopaninsky stream. From chemical point of view nitrates are nitric acid salts (e.g. potassium or soda salts) and forms natural part of vegetable and animal masses (metabolism product). At common concentration is not harmful. Nitrates in bodies they can chemical change on nitrite and then further on nitrosamines (organic matters containing nitrogen in its molecule) with carcinogenic effects. Measuring on monitoring profiles past over fortnightly. Strong seasonal progress of nitrate concentrations is perceptible. Highest nitrate concentrations were measured mostly in spring and lowest concentrations in autumn. Maximum nitrate concentration on whole catchment achieves the value 181 mg.l-1 and minimum nitrate concentration achieves the value 0.5mg.l-1. There is nearly no influence on nitrate concentrations by a rainfall. Mostly nitrate concentrations in this catchment gently heighten or stay the same after rainfall, which witness about the fact, that pollution has areal character. As is the influence of land use on runoff in literature described, wasn't this influence in observed micro catchments proved.
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The evaluation of drainage ratios in dependence on the rainfall in the drainage area of river Ostřice
CERHÁNOVÁ, Milena
The topic of this diploma thesis is ``The evaluation of drainage ratios in dependence on the rainfall in the drainage area of river Ostřice{\crqq}. The goal of the thesis was to evaluate the effect of the rainfall fluctuation on the flow charakteristics in the drainage are of Ostřice and to generalize this effect. The introductory part cosists of the theory of the water cycle, origin of rainfall, water run-off and factors influencing it. The main part engages in the evaluation of rainfall in the observed period, calculation of flow from the measured values of the water level hight and further finding of dependence between rainfall and flow.
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Comparison of precipitation and discharges in relation to nitrate concentrations in the Jenínský stream catchment.
VRZÁK, Zbyněk
This work deals with comparison of precipitation and discharges in relation to nitrate concentrations in the Jenínský stream. The locality is situated on the east of town Vyšší Brod in the southern part of Bohemia. Since the 80`s this small catchment is research area and in the year 2004 The Faculty of Agriculture has continued in this research in Jenínský stream catchment. The backgrounds for this work are data of hydrological year 2006 which are gained from continuous measuring and scanning in small catchment Jenín. There is a recurrency to generalize the precipitation impact which induce changes of discharges on the closing device in small catchment.
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The effect of rainfall on voter turnout: Evidence from the Czech Republic
Kubíková, Kristina ; Palanský, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
Existing research suggests that rainfall on election days has, at least under some circumstances, a significant negative effect on voter turnout. The purpose of this thesis is to assess whether this is also the case in the Czech Republic. The results support the hypothesis, with the preferred specification suggesting that one additional millimeter (mm) of precipitation on election day is associated with a drop in turnout rates of around 0.26 to 0.38 percentage points. We find that election type plays a key role in determining the effect of rainfall on voter's participation. For the elections to the Chamber of Deputies, we find evidence of an inverted U-shape relationship, consistent with the notion that small amounts of rain do not play a significant role in an important election, while heavy rain (around 6mm and more) decreases turnout with every additional mm of rain. For the elections to the European Parliament, which are generally perceived as less important, we find turnout to be negatively associated with even smaller amounts of rain: one additional mm of rain is associated with a 0.82 percentage point decrease in the turnout rate. Finally, we study the link between the closeness of the election results, precipitation, and turnout, and we find that for important elections, a close fight...
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Changes of selected surface water geochemistry parameters in relation to rainfall-runoff regime
Bartůšek, Adam ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Havlíková, Petra (referee)
This work deals with the study of changes in the geochemistry of surface waters in relation to the rainfall-runoff regime and its transformation. As rainfall-runoff extremes such as long episodes of drought with low flows or, conversely, high flows caused by extreme rainfall events have been increasing in recent years, it is important to understand how these phenomena affect water quality. Therefore, the main objectives of this work are firstly a literature search on the changes in surface water geochemistry during change of climate and precipitation-runoff regime and methods that can be used to quantify these changes, and then the application of some of these methods to the analysis of selected parameters and their changes in the Klíčava catchment. In addition to some climatic characteristics and flow rates, the analysis included basic parameters of geochemistry (flow rate, water temperature), physicochemical parameters (electrolytic conductivity, pH), some nutrients (forms of nitrogen and phosporus) and indicators of organic pollution and stream cleanliness (BOD5, CODCr, TOC and dissolved oxygen). In addition, the status and evolution of concentrations of some herbicide metabolites were briefly assessed. For data analysis, e.g. box plots, Mann-Kendall test, correlation coefficients or linear...
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Sea surface temperature variability in the North Atlantic and its effect on temperature and precipitation in Europe
Kodetová, Tereza ; Pokorná, Lucie (advisor) ; Beranová, Romana (referee)
The sea surface temperature (SST) of the North Atlantic (NA) has a demonstrable impact on Europe's climate. The main purpose of this final thesis is to investigate the long-term evolution of SST in SA and to describe the influence of SST change in NA on temperatures and precipitation in Europe. For this purpose, the freely available HadISST database from the Met Office Hadley Centre Observations datasets was chosen. The study period 1980-2019 was chosen so that the data would not be affected by switching to a different measurement type or processing method, and also by the inclusion of satellite measurements. This means that the data was acquired after the start of satellite measurements, which provides a much higher quality and more comprehensive coverage of the area. The next step was to calculate the average monthly and annual SSTs in the NA area of interest. Monthly mean SSTs ranged from 2,3 řC in the coldest month of March to the highest measured mean SST of 18,5 řC in August. The average annual SST of the area of interest was 10,5 řC over the 40 years analysed. Next, monthly and annual trends were detected from 1980-2019. The trends range from -0,7 řC to 1,5 řC, but it was confirmed that the area of interest is warming in all months over the 40 year period. The final objective was to...
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Meteorological station system
Čada, Jan ; Balík, Miroslav (referee) ; Lattenberg, Ivo (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the design and implementation of a online meteorological station system, which consists of individual weather stations that communicate via the Internet with the server. The first part of the thesis discusses the principles of measuring major meteorological variables and deals with the selection of suitable sensors for measuring temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind speed and rainfall. In the practical part, one of the weather stations based on Raspberry Pi Zero microcomputer is designed and realized. As a complement to the measured data, the station includes a camera that captures the view from the site where the meteostation is installed. 3D printing is used to realize most of the mechanical parts, it has the advantage of speed, accuracy and easy reproducibility. For the measurement of temperature, pressure and humidity, a combined sensor BME280 from Bosch is used, which is placed in a small Stevenson screen. The wind speed is measured by a cup anemometer whose rotation is sensed by an integrated Hall sensor. The output pulses are then counted using the PCF8583 circuit, which has an I2C interface for reading the values with a Raspberry Pi microcomputer. Special attention is paid to the construction of a custom calibratable tipping bucket rain gauge with a resolution of 0,5 mm, whose mechanical motion is also sensed by a Hall sensor as in the anemometer. The reading of the data from sensors and sending it to the server is handled by a Python script. For storing and presenting data to users, a custom server solution based on LAMP webserver is implemented, its source codes are written in PHP, HTML, JavaScript and CSS. In addition to the web interface, which displays the data in graphs, the measured data can be also presented to the user via an application for mobile devices based on Android. The application was developed in C# using the Xamarin framework in the Microsoft Visual Studio development environment. Among other things, it implements a widget for quick access to the measured values directly from the home screen. In the final part of the thesis, interesting findings obtained by observing the measured values are mentioned.
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