|
|
Alternatives of nurse's applications within prophylaxis of neoplastics diseases.
DĚDIČOVÁ, Kristýna
Neoplastic diseases are considered as one of the most frequented reasons of death among the world population. A prophylaxis of these diseases should be a part of life of each one human. A theoretical part of this work deals with classification of particular types of prevention in the way of how to divide the prevention into primary, secondary, thertiary and quarteriary prevention. An empiric part of the work addresses two aims: To find how the Czech population is informed about the prevention of cancer diseases and to research how nurses advise their patients on the prophylaxis of those diseases. There was used a combination of a qualitative and a quantitative survey for the dissertation. The quantitative form of survey was based on an inquiry of sample of Czech Republic's population. This surge was aimed for finding out the knowledge about a prevention of cancer diseases among this population. There, in this part of th survey, was used an originally created questionnaire. The qualitative survey aimed for founding out how nurses provide the information about a prophylaxis of neoplastic diseases. Results of this inquiry have displayed that the majority of nurses strive to provide their patients with the complex information, either on their own or in the collaboration with a physician. Next, there was proved that nurses consider the most important form of a patient's education is a verbal communication with the patient; under the terms of this kind of education is the patient provided by appropriate information. Results of the inquiry display among others that the public awareness of a neoplastic-diseases' prevention is relatively high, nonetheless, there is still a space for an improvement in this way. A contribution of this work is characterized through its output an article. The article involves a summary of knowledge which has been gained using survey of this work. These pieces of knowledge could get contributive for work of nurses, nursing and paramedical staff as well as for student of nurse schools.
|
|
|
Stress-strain analysis of mandible with applied fixator due to the missing bone tissue
Fňukal, Jan ; Valášek, Jiří (referee) ; Marcián, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with the fixation of lower jaw with bone tissue defect using commercially produced fixator. Large defects of bone tissue are mainly caused due to the removal of bone tissue affected by tumor. These topics have been researched on the basis of the literature. Subsequently, stress strain analysis of the lower jaw with the applied fixation plate was performed. This analysis was solved by using computational modeling with variational approach, ie the finite element method. The work also describes in detail the procedure of creating model of geometry, model of material, model of boundary conditions and loads with subsequent solution of several computational models. The stress strain analysis was done for lower jaw with varying size of the removed bone tissue with applied reconstruction plate made of CP-Ti Grade 4 and for the lower jaw with the plate, which is made of -Ti-Mo. Finally, the influence of the mechanical properties of the callus during formation of new bone tissue (callus healing) on the stress and deformation of the solved system was evaluated.
|
|
|
Biomechanical Studies of Facial Bone
Valášek, Jiří ; Janíček, Přemysl (referee) ; Horyl, Petr (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
Presented work deals with Biomechanical study of the facial skeleton. This work is focused on the fixation of the mandible after removal of a tumor from affected bone tissue. The aim of the work is to perform biomechanical study of the facial skeleton with subsequent detailed stress strain analysis of two mandible implants designed and manufactured for specific patients. The geometry model of mandible used for design of mandible implants and used for computational modelling has been obtained on the basis of CT data of two patients. A Theoretical-Clinical sub-study that deals with the comparison the CT data processing which is necessary for creating the model of geometry is a part of the thesis. Two models of mandible with applied mandible implant have been created for two specific patients with tumorous mandible bone tissue. Stress strain analysis has been performed for these two models. Results of the stress strain analysis of two models of mandibles with mandible implants are presented in the final chapters of the thesis. Findings of the biomechanical study have been published and applied in clinical practice.
|
|
|
Biomechanical studies of facial bone
Valášek, Jiří ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
Presented work deals with Biomechanical study of the facial skeleton. This work is focused on the fixation of the mandible after removal of a tumor from affected bone tissue. The aim of the work is to perform biomechanical study of the facial skeleton with subsequent detailed stress strain analysis of two mandible implants designed and manufactured for specific patients. The geometry model of mandible used for design of mandible implants and used for computational modelling has been obtained on the basis of CT data of two patients. A Theoretical-Clinical sub-study that deals with the comparison the CT data processing which is necessary for creating the model of geometry is a part of the thesis. Two models of mandible with applied mandible implant have been created for two specific patients with tumorous mandible bone tissue. Stress strain analysis has been performed for these two models. Results of the stress strain analysis of two models of mandibles with mandible implants are presented in the final chapters of the thesis. Findings of the biomechanical study have been published and applied in clinical practice.
|
|
|
Methods for determination of tumor markers in the blood plasma and their clinical significance in diagnosing
Toman, Karel ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
The thesis discusses the methods of determination of tumor markers and their clinical importance in medical diagnostics. The theoretical part describes clinically important tumor markers and also the chemiluminescent immunoassay methods used for their determination. The practical part of the thesis describes the introduction of new chemiluminescent methods for the determination of tumor markers in routine operation, evaluates its basic analytical parameters and compares it with the existing immunoturbidimetric method. The practical part also presents results of monitoring of cancer patients with various tumors, which is performed by evaluation of the values of tumor markers. Comparison of our method with other methods within the context of System of external quality control is also documented.
|
|
|
The role of the nurse taking care of patients with breast cancer.
KRBCOVÁ, Julie
The actual issue regarding the female population consists in a high incidence of pathological breast findings that can be benign but even most frequently malign. For my bachelor thesis, I chose the theme "The Role of a Nurse in Providing Nursing Care for Women with Breast Tumors", because these issues remain still topical. Basic theoretical grounds of the thesis describe female breast anatomy and pathology. They inform us about problems regarding the causes of the tumor disease and the most common symptoms of the disease. The use of up-to-date diagnostic methods (primarily mammography) and their wide accessibility within a screening program take a significant part in a high percentage of early detected stages of the disease. Breast tumor surgery belongs to the operations demanding from both physical and psychic aspects. The role of a general nurse in providing preoperative and primarily postoperative care is important. A nurse provides a complex nursing care, observes nursing care principles to satisfy individual patient? needs. A nurse does not forget to give information, minds the education, sympathetic access and psychic support of a patient. This bachelor thesis was devoted to the issues of a nurse role in providing postoperative nursing care to patients with breast tumor. The first objective was to describe specific aspects of nursing care in patients after surgery for breast tumor. The second objective was to find out the role of a nurse within a postoperative period in patients with breast tumor. Two research questions were set to fulfill those objectives. The first research question: "Which specific nursing activities does a nurse perform within a postoperative period in patients after breast surgery?" The second research question: "What role does a nurse hold within a postoperative period in patients with breast tumor?" A qualitative research inquiry was used to process the research part of this bachelor thesis. A semi-structured interview was used as a data collection method. The research inquiry was performed in the Department of Surgery of the České Budějovice Hospital, Inc. The first research question surveyed specific nursing activities of nurses performed in patients after surgery for breast tumor. The answers showed that nurses were familiar with specific nursing activities which they performed within postoperative period in patients with breast tumor. Specific aspects described by both the nurses and patients are narrowly associated with the intervention they underwent and which is specific itself. The second research question found out the roles of a nurse within a postoperative period in patients with breast tumor. From the results of answers given by both nurses and patients is clear that the following roles of a nurse were fulfilled: a communicator, an educator and a bearer of changes. Some educational and illustrative tools (silicone breast phantom for the self-examination instruction) intended for nursing personnel are one of the possibilities how to achieve an effective application of nursing interventions in breast tumor prevention and how to help nurses to improve the relation of communication and education on these issues. The results of my bachelor thesis could be used as an information material that could serve to an improvement of the quality and effectiveness in nursing care for the experienced nurses as well as for beginning ones who meet such patients at their job. The results of my research inquiry could be used as basic material to elaborate some lecture for a professional seminary or conference intended for nurses.
|
|
|
Topics of talks between a cancer patient and a volunteer
PLASSOVÁ, Martina
Topics of talks between a cancer patient and a volunteer The bachelor thesis on this topic I chose for several reasons - the main one was, that I perform a volunteer activity in a cancer ward at the Hospital of České Budějovice from the first year of the studies at the local fakulty. The second reason of the choice just of this topic was my interest and need to make the best of the time spent in the cancer ward as a volunteer not only for my own development, but to provide obtained useful information and knowledge to other people - especially to other current or future volunteers and best of all also to those who so far only consider about the volunteering or they have never heard about it yet. Cancer diagnoses are last but not least even today a relatively taboo topic and at the same time, unfortunatelly, they are becoming more frequent. In my bachelor thesis I concentrated on a content of conversations which I led with cancer patients as a volunteer. To collect the data I used a qualitative approach - a method of a narrative inteview and an observation. Data processing was carried out primarily through a qualitative analysis of the inteviews with cancer patients, which I re-recorded into my notebook, and then through a quantification - counting a frequency of topics. Cancer patients were representated by a 20-member sample from the cancer ward in the Hospital of České Budějovice. The research brought very interesting results. I named topics, which the patients with the volunteer like to talk about, and topics, which the patients bring to the conversation themselves and I counted their frequency. As well there were described the topics, which evokate a deterioration or an improvement in their mood. I figured out the frequency of the topics. Then I found out that I cannot identify communication blocks, because I did not met any. The results showed that the cancer patients have no problems to speak on the topic, which is in today´s society largely still a taboo - on their illness. The patients prove to entrust even to the volunteer - thus to a person, who is foreign to them.
|
|
|
The role of a nurse at coping with a technique of breast self-exam
ŠOJSLOVÁ, Dana
The aim of this study was to determine how nurses and women - non-health workers managed a breast self-examination technique and a range of educational activities of nurses in breast self-examination issue. Using four determined hypotheses the knowledge about breast cancer itself, as well as knowledge about breast self-examination techniques and education of nurses from different workplaces were studied. A quantitative survey by means of questionnaires was performed. The first questionnaire with 21 questions was for women - non-health workers, which were predominantly from České Budějovice, from offices, schools, students, friends and relatives. The second questionnaire was for nurses with 20 questions. The nurses who participated in the survey were employees of the various wards of the hospitals in České Budějovice, Tábor, Český Krumlov, Strakonice and from physicians{\crq} offices. In the theoretical part of this work the importance of the theme of ``breast disease{\crqq} was reiterated due to the fact that in our country the most common malignancy of women was breast cancer. The growing number of newly diagnosed breast cancer per year worldwide is alarming. The breast self-examination shall help especially women under 45 years of age in the detection of breast pathology. Each woman should be familiar with prevention and risk factors that contribute to breast diseases. The results of the survey show that women - non-health workers demonstrate sufficient knowledge in matters of what the breast self-examination is, the time intervals of the self-examination and what position for the self-examination to choose. Only half of all surveyed women knew in which period of the menstrual cycle it was appropriate to carry out the self-examination and, surprisingly, there was a lack of knowledge in question "In what difficulties should you visit the doctor." The inquiry has shown that most women have never been asked to carry out the breast self-examination by their doctor. The questionnaire survey of nurses showed that breast disease was still topical issue for them, and their knowledge about the breast self-examination was sufficient. Most of the surveyed nurses have never educated their patients even participated in a workshop on the self-examination and breast diseases in the past five years.
|
|
|
Psychosocial aspect of pediatric onkology. Child and Family.
LEMERMANOVÁ, Stanislava
The work, which is focused on learning about families living with a school-age child suffering from a cancer disease, has brought a number of findings and experience. Its goal was to map general climate of a family living with a child suffering from cancer and an effort to record some of its typical or specific differences. Interviews of ill children, their siblings and parents brought the most important finding regarding functioning these families. Interviews of children imply that they have enough information about treatment and examinations, however, not enough information about the disease. Communication of parents and children about the diseases turned out to be problematic. Some children want to know more about the disease but their parents are unable to meet their needs. Interruption of school attendance, and thus, interruption of the contact with schoolmates is the most depressive change for children. In the interviews parents say that the worst period was the one when it was already obvious that the disease was serious but the diagnosis had not been set. Child{\crq}s disease entirely changed everyday life of the families; everything was governed by the fact whether the child is in hospital and how he or she feels. One of parents had to stay with the child and thus the family split. Healthy siblings found themselves in the shade of the ill child, the older ones tried to understand the situation and help their brother/sister and the parents as much as possible. Deepening of the relationship between the parents, psychic maturing of the ill child and his/her older siblings, and change in the value attitudes of parents may be ranked among the positive changes. The situation brought a clear and factual result that all family members are extraordinary close to each other and the families are adaptable. Serious disease of the child results in a fact that the families function in a stress situation and more intensive solidarity and adaptability are a necessity for them. On the basis of the research we may say in the conclusion that relevant attention and care should be paid not only to ill children and their parents but also to their healthy siblings. Tumour disease and risk to the child{\crq}s life represent an extreme stress for a family. The structure of the family changes and its everyday life turns upside down completely. The families I met during the research were managing the situation well. Even though the situation was exhausting for them and some faced communication problems, they could all function and take care of their ill child.
|
|
|
Stressful factors affecting on patients in oncology ward
DOVALILOVÁ, Ljuba
The target of the thesis was to map stressful factors which are affecting on patients in oncology ward. First I had to study literature about cancer and what can be stressful for patients. Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells. Cells are spread by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). Cancer may affect people at all ages, but risk tends to increase with age. It is one of the principal causes of death in developed countries. Sequels of cancer affect bio-psycho-social field of human. Patients have to be operated, have had hard therapy and some of patients have to stay many weeks in oncology ward. Patients go through difficult psychological periods and their families also. For everybody it is stressful term and after treatment patients are feared of relapse cancer. After treatment some of patients go back in their jobs and some of them have disability allowance or old age pension. After literature review about cancer I started with my research. I was attending oncology ward in the Hospital České Budějovice for 2 months. I talked with patients and assessed stressful factors. I chose 20 patients, 10 men and 10 women all sorts of age. By the results there has been confirmed one hypothesis. Hypothesis 1: Women with neoplasia have more stressful factors than men with neoplasia. Second hypothesis, I could not confirm because in my research, there was a few patients with higher education. Hypotesis 2: By patients with neoplasia, which have lower education, decreasing number of stressful factors. After research I determined Hypothesis 3: By patients with neoplasia, with growing age, decreasing number of stressful factors. I suppose that the target of the thesis has been reached.
|
guest ::
