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Human dignity: universal principle in particular application
Broz, Jan ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Kosek, Jan (referee)
This thesis probes the relevance of objections against newly establishing contemporary paradigm of human dignity, based on connection between dignity and Kantian views on human autonomy, which possess universalistic ambitions. First chapter introduces the fundamental concepts of human dignity during history. The chapter shows there have been evolved at least three different concepts: (i) dignity as an internal value; (ii) dignity as a social status; and (iii) dignity as a certain manner of social behavior. Second chapter consequently deals with courts` techniques regarding the dignity as a legal concept. The conclusions extrapolated from German, Israeli and South African judicial decision-making noticeably support objections raised in contemporary discourse against the abovementioned universalistic concept. In spite of these universalistic ambitions, human dignity represents concept enabling to construe individual human rights through values shared by vast majority in certain jurisdictions. This mindset naturally leads to the limitation of individual freedom rather to its expansion, in the name of an idea that ideal moral order objectively exists. Consequently, the authority of classical human rights is considerably weakened. In third chapter the effort to analyze and construe current judicial practice is...
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Honour, Insult, Slander, Libel and Investigative Journalism
Šatánková, Radana ; Matějek, Jaromír (advisor) ; Štica, Petr (referee)
This interdisciplinary thesis deals with the area of investigative journalism and ethics. In the context of our time it offers a look at what kind of information a citizen has the right to obtain and what kind of the published information violates the moral rights of the individual. The work depicts the professional and ethical requirements placed on workers in the media to indicate the boundaries between "investigative journalism" and the pursuit of sensation. I draw upon the core material of the Syndicate of Journalists of the Czech Republic, the ethical codes of our public and private media and the books of experts in the field of media studies and ethics.
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The legal status of the embryo from the perspective of European human rights protection
Havlíková, Barbora ; Pítrová, Lenka (referee)
Title The legal status of the embryo from the perspective of European human rights protection Abstract The thesis addresses the question regarding the legal status of the human embryo in European law. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate whether the embryo stands in the position of a legal object or legal subject and whether the legal status of embryo is in compliance with natural law. For this purpose the thesis firstly defines the status in the field of natural law, i.e. the moral status of embryo. Afterwards, the thesis examines the legal position of embryo in human rights protection. The thesis answers the question whether the embryo is subject of human rights documents. The legal status of embryo is analyzed in relation to the subjectivity of human rights in general as well as in relation to specific rights. The interpretation of legal terms "human being" and "everyone" contribute to a better understanding of legal status of embryo in general. The analysis of the specific rights, namely the right to life, human dignity, personal integrity and non-discrimination, shows the complexity of the potential legal subjectivity of embryo in the area of human rights. The evaluation of the legal status of human embryo in the area of human rights protection is complemented by an assessment of legal status in other...
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Human Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Otýpková, Laura ; Hofmannová, Helena (advisor) ; Kindlová, Miluše (referee) ; Bartoň, Michal (referee)
Human Rights of Persons with Disabilities The thesis deals with the current development of human rights of persons with disabilities from the perspective of constitutional law. The work first maps the historical changes of the legal status of persons with disabilities - from antiquity to the tragic experience of denying human dignity in the first half of the 20th century. Furthermore, the thesis shows the development of the human rights of persons with disabilities in the second half of the 20th century. A key driver of this process is the value of human dignity, which, following the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, has become the main starting point for the protection of human rights (not only) persons with disabilities. The changes in the concept of human rights of people with disabilities are related to the shift from the medical to the social concept of disability, on the basis of which the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) was adopted in 2006. This convention embodies a new approach to human rights of persons with disabilities, who should no longer be subject only to charity and social security regulations, but above all they should be recognized as they are - as an equal legal subjects and full members of the society. The Czech Republic is a...
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The biblical view of man and its contribution to the social and pastoral work.
Fausová, Petra ; Heryán, Ladislav (advisor) ; Fischer, Ondřej (referee)
1 Abstract The bachelor's thesis deals with biblical anthropology, i.e. biblical view of man, as it is written down in the Old and New Testaments. It presents the creation of the world, the creation of man and the relationship between man and God. It clarifies the consequences of the original sin. Also, it describes the biblical holistic concept of man and follows up selected terms of biblical anthropology: body, soul, spirit and heart. The terms are explained in the context of the Old and New Testaments. Afterwards, the outlined biblical view of man is summed up into four principles focused on human dignity, the holistic concept of man, human-to-human relationship and human-to-work relationship. Then, there is an attempt to use these principles in concepts of the social and pastoral work. Firstly, both concepts are briefly presented and then the bachelor's thesis follows up potential influences of the biblical anthropology on the theory of the social and pastoral work. Finally, there is an example of the care service provider, specifically a day centre for people with multiple disabilities. The bachelor's thesis describes the practical use of the biblical view of man and its possible contribution to daily work in the day centre.
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The legal status of the embryo from the perspective of European human rights protection
Havlíková, Barbora ; Pítrová, Lenka (referee)
Title The legal status of the embryo from the perspective of European human rights protection Abstract The thesis addresses the question regarding the legal status of the human embryo in European law. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate whether the embryo stands in the position of a legal object or legal subject and whether the legal status of embryo is in compliance with natural law. For this purpose the thesis firstly defines the status in the field of natural law, i.e. the moral status of embryo. Afterwards, the thesis examines the legal position of embryo in human rights protection. The thesis answers the question whether the embryo is subject of human rights documents. The legal status of embryo is analyzed in relation to the subjectivity of human rights in general as well as in relation to specific rights. The interpretation of legal terms "human being" and "everyone" contribute to a better understanding of legal status of embryo in general. The analysis of the specific rights, namely the right to life, human dignity, personal integrity and non-discrimination, shows the complexity of the potential legal subjectivity of embryo in the area of human rights. The evaluation of the legal status of human embryo in the area of human rights protection is complemented by an assessment of legal status in other...
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An Analysis of Functions of Human Dignity in Constitutional Law with Focus on Case Law of Czech Constitutional Court
Horák, Filip ; Grinc, Jan (referee)
After the concept of human dignity has spread into a large number of constitutions from all over the world, detailed examination of this phenomenon is steadily gaining importance. This thesis finds three autonomous approaches to human dignity in constitutional law, namely a subjective human right, the source of human rights and an objective constitutional value. Each of these approaches is based on a particular historical view on human dignity. The key argument of this thesis states that the connection of the three aforementioned legitimate approaches leads to the creation of dangerous and undesirable hybrid forms of human dignity. These forms tend to be axiomatic, preventing from the rational legal argumentation as well as from the use of the proportionality principle. The implementation of the concept of human dignity in such an axiomatic way is an argumentative foul, unfortunately so frequently made by both judiciary and doctrines. The thesis further focuses on the examination of the axiomatic human dignity phenomenon with respect to the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic decision-making specifically. Using quantitative methods, it first comes to the conclusion that the problem of axiomatic human dignity-related argumentation does not only exist in the Constitutional Court's...
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The issue of human dignity and the value of human life of an intensive care patient.
BAUEROVÁ, Eliška
The aim of this thesis is to cover the issue of human dignity and the values of human life of a patient in the intensive care unit. The goal is achieved through a quantitative research, using the data collection technique through questionnaires. The purpose of the research was to determine what areas of human dignity do the patients find hard or problematic. A standardized questionnaire was used for this purpose. Based on theoretical knowledge, a questionnaire of its own design was compiled for the nurses' research group. It focused on the nurses' perception of a patient's dignity and also the value of his or her life during hospitalization in the intensive care unit. This information was quite difficult to determine, which is primarily due to the fact that it deals with topics and opinions which are philosophical, individual and perhaps even personal. The research found that the patients feel a problem only in certain areas that we had investigated in a standardized questionnaire. The patients' evaluation revealed that they do not feel most issues as too much of a problem. The nurses' research group found that the dignity of a patient and the value of his or her life mean something completely individual to each nurse. However, a large number of the nurses said that a patient's dignity is an important aspect, and the value of a patient's life in the intensive care unit is high or even priceless. This thesis could bring the nurses, who work in intensive care units, an incentive to think about the dignity of a patient, the high and untouchable value of his or her life and, last but not least, the individuality of each human being.
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Human dignity as the foundation of the relationship between social worker and klient
BLÁHOVÁ, Jana
The bachelor thesis "Human dignity as the foundation of relationship between social worker and klient", defines the concept of human dignity and deals with the role of human dignity within the social worker-client relationship. This thesis focuses on theoretical definition of the concept of human dignity, its history and religious and jural value. Further it deals with the social worker - client relationship and the represebtatives of both sides. The objective of this thesis is to detect the social workers and clients idea behind the concept of human dignity, and if they consider human dignity the foundation of their relationship. The field part of the thesis tells the resukts of the quality research performedby polling method and semi-structured interview technique. The information was further rewrittten and processed with open coding analysis. The research sample was made out of two subject group. The first subject group consisted of four social workers and the second subject group consisted of four seniors from the facility Centrum sociálních služeb Staroměstská p. o. Research has shown that from communication partners by the uniqueness of human dignity, respect for fundamental rights and freedoms, respect for the needs and values, equality, partnership, empathy and decency. Furthermore, research has confirmed that human dignity is considered along with other values and abilities to be the basis of the relationship between the social worker and the client, and her position in this relationship is important and should be respected. I hope that this bachelor thesis will increase the awareness of the concept of human dignity and its results will help to improve the development of social work.
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Death in literature versus the face of death in current society
POLÁČKOVÁ, Ludmila
This diploma thesis looks into the issues of death and dying. Based on a chosen work of fiction, it endeavours to remit the topic of fear of dying and concerns on the possibilities of how to deal with it from points of view of a dying person as well as that of an accompanying one. By using and connecting approaches used in sociology of literature and social work, it aims to appraise the benefit of reading fiction on the given topic for social workers in their professional as well as personal life. The work of fiction therefore serves as an alternative receptive material. By its interpretation, a social worker or layman can gain a more profound knowledge of current social issues, which the last matters of a human unquestionably belong to.
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