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Selected Mechanical Wood Properties of Douglas Fir from Sites in the Czech Republic
Pilař, Ondřej ; Zeidler, Aleš (advisor) ; Holeček, Tomáš (referee)
Abstract
Introduced tree species are still undoubtedly, despite the current short-term politico-economic and environmental turbulences, an object of interest of the Czech forestry sector. Worldwide the most important tree species, and thus both in the areas
of its original extension and in the large regions where it was successfully introduced,
is the Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), which is considered as one of the most perspective tree species. Information about the quality of its wood from our territory
is missing for the time being.
That´s why the aim of this work was to evaluate the quality of Douglas fir wood from different regions of the Czech Republic through selected mechanical properties. Especially the compressive strength, impact strength, flexural modulus and flexural strength were determined by standardized procedures. As well as, the variability
of the trunk features and that one of the locality were taken in consideration.
The final results of the mechanical features compared with the values measured on the wood from the original extension areas are better in compression strength, similar in flexural strength and slightly worse in the flexural modulus.
Comparing the resultant values of Douglas fir with the values of domestic spruce, the Douglas fir shows better values, apart from the values of flexural modulus, which are higher in case of the spruce.
A statistically significant difference between the location and the measured feature is demonstrated only in the elastic modulus and density. At the variability
in frame of the trunk there was found a statistically significant difference between
the vertical and horizontal position of the trunk and all the measured features. At the same time, the value of the measured feature increases together with increasing position from the pulp.
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Comparison of bark boring species composition on douglas-fir and pine
Košík, Kamil ; Pešková, Vítězslava (advisor) ; Šenfeld, Petr (referee)
This work deals a comparison the diversity of species of bark beetles on Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb./Franco) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). On location the Green Shed in the Central Region of the Czechia were laid 24 traps, so that Douglas fir and Scots pine formed a couple. They were prepared two variants - trees up to 30 years and a trees of 40 - 60 years old. Evaluation took place after four sections in the relative distances. Research has shown that the both species of the trees were not broad spectrum of bark beetles. On Douglas fir it was only a Pityogenes chalcographus L., who was found in only one trap tree at the age of 30 years, and on the Scots pine trap tree was found only Tomicus piniperda L., but it was found in most traps.
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Economic and ecological evaluation of introduced tree species on the territory of Arboles Ltd.
Derfler, David ; Podrázský, Vilém (advisor) ; Slávik, Martin (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the economic and environmental evaluation of introduced woody species on the territory of the Arboles s.r.o. company. The evaluation is related to introduced species of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb. / Franco) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.), both of which are compared with the growth of indigenous species: Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karsten) and English oak (Quercus robur L.). For this purpose information from the Forest Office as well as data from representative areas are used. Ecological requirements of species and their impact on the environment are monitored in representative areas as well. The key indicators are: the growth rate, the quality of the litter, the demands on nutrients uptake. Economic evaluation focuses then on benefits and eventually on losses at silvicultural treatments application and wood selling. The aim of this thesis is to compare the introduced and indigenous woody species in all the aspects named above and to define pros and cons of planting of introduced woody species including other possibilities of their exploitation.
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Vliv velikosti a krytí holiny na odrůstání kultur douglasky tisolisté
Paukovček, Michal
The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine what influence has a different size (cover) of clearing on growing cultures after the third growing season, time of planting and a type of planting material. The reaserch was realized on clearings with dimensions 55 x 70 m, 25 x 70 m, in Podsadba and on a big Kalamitná clearing (4,4 ha). There were used four provenances with or without an adjustment of root system. 10 parameters and signs were measured and recorded on each individual tree. Observed values were statistically evalueted and written comment was added. The results of reaserch confirmed that minor restoration elements are more suitable for culturing Douglas Fir as they provide a favourable microclimate. In these areas are lower losses and plants show a greater increase in aboveground part. In terms of time of planting, the most suitable appeared in the early spring planting dates. The adjustment of root system before planting had a negative effect because treated seedlings had lower gain and the losses were on average higher.
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Vliv velikosti a krytí holiny na odrůstání douglasky tisolisté
Ludvík, Ladislav
The aim of this thesis was to determine what influence the varying size of clearing and cover of the stand has on the gradual growth of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii /Mirb./ Franco). The evaluation of different types of planting material (2 + 1, 2 + 2, 3 + 0 and f1 + k1) on partially covered locations is part of the thesis as well. Examination was conducted on research locations ÚZPL established in year 2010 (17 locations) and 2011 (4 locations) in the forests owned by the city of Brno. The survey was conducted after the end of the vegetation period in the months of September and November of the year 2013. It is a follow-up survey of the previous measurements realized in the fall of 2012. On all locations at least 100 individuals were measured and evaluated. These are the variables and signs assessed -- the overall size of the above ground part (in years 2012 and 2013), quantity of growth in each year, the thickness of the root neck, number of plants with multitude stems, the deviation of stem (straight, up to three times the diameter of the stem and more than three times diameter of the stem), the shape of the tree-top (triangle, ellipsoid, round and one-sided) the length of needles, the colour of the assimilatory part (green, bright green and yellow), loss percentage. These results were confronted with results from previous years. The results of this master thesis proved, that different size (and cover) of clearing and the used planting material have influence on the successful planting and growth of Douglas fir cultivation. The Douglas fir seems to be growing more successfully on locations protected at least from three sides where the width of clearing is no more than 35 metres. If quality planting material is used, low mortality of the plants can be expected as well. Aproximately after three years the quantity of growth and the thickness of the root neck on different locations start to match. On the locations protected from two sides and with the distance of the clearing from the stand not above the 1,5 multiple of the stand height, the covered-root plants (f1 + K1) and plant type 2+1 was proved to be most successful in growth and suffered from minimal loss even after three vegetation periods. The losses which occurred in 2013 were comparably lower to those in 2012.
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Vliv velikosti a expozice holiny na růst kultur douglasky tisolisté
Janoušková roz. Schindlerová, Hana
The aim of the study was to determine the effect on the growth of the cultures after the second growing year (coverage) and exposure of clearcuts, seed time and type of used planting material.Totally was measured on four areas - high fence (60x70 m), chopped (25x70 m), underplanting and the large calamity clearcuts. There were represented four different provenance and they were with or without modification of the root system, which were planted in six different dates (spring - autumn). Monitoring and evaluation were especially following features: losses, length of aboveground, increase of the terminal, root collar thickness, length and number of branches, length of needles, color of assimilation system, damage by biotic and abiotic factors. The results of my thesis confirmed that it is best to Douglas fir planted on small regenerative elements with adequate cover of surrounding vegetation. These areas register lower losses and higher increment of above-ground parts. The best planting date is in early spring. It also has confirmed great variability in the requirements for each provenance and Douglas sensitivity to drought. Effect of modification of the root system appears to be minimal.
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Vliv doby založení na růst prostokořenného sadebního materiálu douglasky tisolisté
Zlochová, Karolína
The aim was to find out what effects has time of heeling on growth of Douglas fir bare and wrapped planting stock (Pseudotsuga menziesii /Mirb./ Franco). The subject of this thesis was to heel bare and wrapped planting stock under forest cover (stocking 0.8) and after 4--5 days from the previous planting remove a certain number of seedlings for planting. The results showed that the greatest losses (23,3 %) had bare root plants which were planted on the 22nd of April, and were heeled for 19 days. After comparing the results it is clear that wrapped planting stock achieved better results.
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Vliv doby skladování na růst sadebního materiálu douglasky tisolisté
Plačková, Věra
The thesis solves the effect of storage time (length) bare-rooted planting stock and containerized, ball and balled planting stock of Douglas fir on growth and vitality after planting before spring planting. Plants were stored in the local air-conditioned storehouse at 0 °C to + 4 °C and minimum humidity 90% for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 days immediately before planting. The results show that the storage time doesn't cause weight loss of plants. The highest losses after planting (7 %) were detected in planting stock bare-rooted Douglas fir stored four days in an air-conditioned storehouse. The smallest losses were recorded after 16 days and 24 days of storage in an air-conditioned warehouse. The greatest length of above-ground parts had bare-rooted plants stored eight days before planting, container-grown and balled plants had the greatest length of above-ground parts twelve days before planting. Better results had bare-rooted plants of Douglas fir.
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Vliv buřeně na odrůstání kultur douglasky tisolisté
Miksánek, Ondřej
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of weed growing up on Douglas fir cultures using different methods of protection against weeds. There were used several methods as: whole surface trimming, trimming in stripes, individual trimming, trampling, whole surface herbicide application, trimimming the grass blades to a height level. As a control area was chosen an area with no treatment against the forest weeds. The research was carried out on forest property LHC Horáková, set of forest types 5H. In the spring of 2012 was established a research area, which was divided into seven parts, each part for a different kind of protection against forest weeds. On each plot were planted approximately 200 individuals of Douglas fir. For seedlings were evaluated the following criteria: length of the aboveground parts, terminal increment, replacing of the terminal shoot by lateral shoot, thickness of the root collar, the occurrence of tress with fork trunk shape, multiple top, trunk straightness, canopy shape, color of needles, length of needles, crown base height and damage of tree by biotic and abiotic factors and total losses. There was also examined the effect of treatment against weeds on soil moisture, sunlit of seedlings on individual plots, the species composition of weed on individual plots and the influence of different intervention against weeds on the chemical composition of the assimilation apparatus. It was found out that Douglas fir exibits the greatest terminal increment on area without treatment, and after three years of research achieving an average height of 121.7 cm. But seedlings on this plot have weaker root collar (15.61 mm) and also have relatively high slenderness ratio. The strongest root collars are at the end of the research identified on a plot with individual trimming - 19.71 mm, at the same time the seedlings have comparable terminal increment to that area without any treatment (119.7 cm). The least suitable way to protect against forest weeds after three years of research, was found out herbicides treatment, because it showed the worst results. The best way in contrary seems individual trimming.
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Analýza plodnosti a výskytu přirozené obnovy douglasky tisolisté na majetku "Lesy města Brna, a.s"
Parolek, Pavel
The objective of this thesis is using a series of field investigations to determine the status and potential of natural regeneration of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) on the area of interest "The Forests of The City of Brno, Corp.". Based on the results of field investigations we can deduce on fertility of Douglas fir, status and parameters of natural regeneration, intervals of seed years and dispersal possibilities of natural regeneration from the parent growth. The work consists of two different parts, theoretical and methodological (practical). The first part analyses theoretical aspects of the solved issue and the second part is devoted mainly to the methodological procedures. Of the 100 analyzed growths was located 86 % on nutrient habitats. In 77 % of cases occurred in the growths Douglas fir as wood disseminated. All growths over 80 years are spawning: 33% slightly, 58% moderate and 9% richly. Without natural regeneration was recorded only 17 % of growths. The height of Douglas fir grow under vegetation of 1,3 meters can be expected in the age of 11--12 years.
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