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Demographic changes of the Czech Republic as a social risk
KACZOR, Michal
This bachelor's thesis deals with demographic changes of the Czech Republic in connection with social risks, which were caused by these demographic changes. The thesis contains definitions of basic demographic indicators, i.e. natality, abortion rate, marriage rate, divorce rate, mortality, and it describes their development. The main focus of this development is placed on the period after the Velvet Revolution (1989) when the totalitarian regime was overthrown and the Czech society substantially individualized. According to statistical data of Czech Statistical Office the thesis presents prognoses of the demographic development of the Czech Republic till 2100. These prognoses interpret probable trends of the future population development. Important social risks, which follow from the development of demographic indicators, are outlined as well. These selected risks are supplemented with the proposal of measures, which lead to influencing of demographic development of the Czech Republic.
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Analysis of the pension systems of selected countries
Málek, Jakub ; Jílek, Josef (advisor) ; Šarapatka, Michal (referee)
The topic of this thesis is the issue of pension systems, which are an integral part of every advanced society. The aim of this thesis is to provide an insight into the basics of the issue, analyze selected pension systems and to assess the possibility of introduction similar pension systems in other countries. In the theoretical part of the thesis first presents basic aspects of the development of approach to finance consumption in old age, possible forms of pension systems, the risks that are associated with them, as well as several models of pension system that are currently enforced. In the analytical part pension systems of Australia, Denmark, Canada, Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland are first specified separately and subsequently, on the basis of criteria coverage rate, financial sustainability and adequacy of pensions, subjected to comparative analysis. The result of the analysis is the determination of the Dutch pension system as a system that has, although not in all analyzed areas, the relatively best results of functioning. However, the widespread introduction of this system definitely not recommended, due to given economic differences in various countries, which are described in the conclusion of this thesis. Nevertheless of each pension system we can choose a positive approaches to solving problems on which we can build in the future.
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Simulation models of pension insurance due to demographic development in the CR
Pudil, Lubomír ; Kuncová, Martina (advisor) ; Vopátek, Jiří (referee)
The issue of an aging population, pension systems and pension themselves, are currently very actual, interesting and socially topics discussed. In my diploma thesis on simulation models of pension insurance due to demographic development in the CR I used simulation experiments, including those based primarily on the Monte Carlo method, tackling issues and negatives surrounding pension insurance with state contribution, which, as one of the financial products market, is the second pillar of pension system in the Czech Republic. Pension scheme of pension insurekce with state contibution gives participants the advantages and benefits in the form of state subsidy, the possibility of reducing the income tax base on the part of the contributions paid, proceeds from fund management and the possibility of contributions from the employer. On the other hand, play an important role, weaknesses and shortcomings of this system. Again, the most important may be considered inseparateness fund's assets from an estate participants, inappropriately designed state contribution, the high average age of participants and relatively low rate of return on fund management. Negatives mentioned above were reflected in the simulation experiments, when the linear state contribution was designed and was considered for the new system of pension saving in combination with a linear state contribution, which appears to be a more appropriate and beneficial for both participants on the one hand, and the state (impact on public spendings) on the other.
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