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Convergence of Accounting and Tax System
Kubešová, Zuzana ; Müllerová, Libuše (advisor) ; Nedvídek, Václav (referee)
This thesis deals with the relationship between accounting and corporate income tax, it explains their different purposes and the way of control from the national and international point of view. The analysis of several countries shows the possible levels of cohesion of the accounting and tax system. Then the advantages and disadvantages of their close connection are discussed. The following part of the thesis describes the problems of calculation of the tax base from the trading income taken from accounting. Great attention is given to the tax deductible expenses and their minimisation (tax optimization). The final section is occupied with the principle of tax payable and deferred tax.
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Corporate income tax in accounting
Janečková, Martina ; Müllerová, Libuše (advisor) ; Cardová, Zdenka (referee)
This thesis is dealing with the cohesion of the tax and accounting system and shows how this cohesion can negatively affect accounting. In order to reduce the tax base of the corporate income tax, taxpayers resort to tax evasion, which ultimately leads to the restriction of informative ability of accounting. The thesis introduces some formats of tax evasion, including practical examples. Listed further are tax deductible and non-deductible expenses. It creates a space for manipulating the financial results on operations, which is the starting point for determining the tax base on corporate income. The closing section contains a modification of financial results on operations for the tax base and calculation of tax payable on corporate income.
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Taxation of income in the Netherlands
Fidler, Josef ; Vítek, Leoš (advisor) ; Hladíková, Veronika (referee)
The purpose of this work is to describe the current state of tax system in the Netherlands. This system is interesting because it combines elements of high progressive taxation of income of individuals with large tax savings for a holding company based in the Netherlands. The paper describes the design of income tax of individuals and legal persons in the Netherlands and compares them with the Czech legislation. Description of these two taxes is held according to design of tax in this order: subject of tax, object of tax, expenditures, tax base, deductions from the tax base, tax rate, tax credits, tax collection and administration. Further, there are also described other taxes of tax mix of the Netherlands. The Dutch tax system in comparison with the Czech is characteristic of higher clarity. This is due to the reduced number of exclusions and exemptions from the subject of taxes and greater harmonization of tax rates in individual Boxes. This creates a basis for effective administration and tax collection, thereby reducing opportunities not only for tax evasion, but tax avoidance.
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Flat tax in the countries of European Union
Hromková, Šárka ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Loužek, Marek (referee)
Currently, the flat tax issue is an intensely debated topic, especially because of the effects triggered by the flat tax adoption in selected countries of the European Union. This thesis deals with the evaluation of the impact of a flat tax rate in the Slovak Republic, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Romania. It reviews the state of the economy of those countries before, during and after the adoption of the flat tax rate. This is followed up with measuring of achieved impacts based on arguments such as the economic growth, the collection of direct and indirect taxes, the influence of the flat tax on the employment market and the tax share. Finally, the analysis results are evaluated along with the thesis findings.
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Tax Optimization for a Specific Entrepreneur
DANDOVÁ, Kateřina
Tax optimization for a Specific Entrepreneur. What does it mean? Specific topisc covered in my thesis include enventroy-taking, reserves, accruals a deferrals, non-deductible and deductible costs (expenses), foreing exchange rate variations, depreciation, provisions against receivables, accrual revenu, deffered tax and others. My thesis concents the tax optimization of a real client company, seated in Prague and working in the building industry.
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Tax Optimalization of The Business Subject
KLUZÁKOVÁ, Olga
The subject of this diploma thesis is the tax optimisation of a selected business entity. The thesis aims at finding the most optimum tax solution possible, especially of corporation income tax in order that the selected entity has as low tax liability as possible. The diploma thesis is divided into a theoretical and practical part, each of which is divided into individual chapters and subchapters, dealing with specific problems. The introduction of the theoretical part includes basic terms relating to tax issues, general data on the taxation system of the Czech Republic. The following and, simultaneously, most comprehensive chapter is devoted to corporation income tax, namely for the reason that the practical part deals with alternatives of optimisation of corporation income tax. In these chapters I proceeded mainly from the current wordings of tax laws and other specialised publications. The practical part of the thesis provides, one by one, suggestions of individual alternatives for reducing tax liability, which are subsequently theoretically explained and practically calculated. When calculating the individual alternatives I proceeded on the basis of exact data and details that the selected enterprise had been provided to me. Thanks to it, I had the opportunity to obtain a good knowledge of its internal functioning, economic situation but also the ownership structure. A summary of these resultant alternatives is then given in chapter 7. It exactly shows what impact each of the alternatives would have on the enterprise{\crq}s tax liability and what the tax liability would amount to if all the alternatives proposed were used.
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Tax burden of chosen type of non-profit organization
HOSTIČKOVÁ, Jitka
Nonprofit organizations are governed by the same tax rules as business organizations. There are different tax benefits and exemptions, but there are higher demands on accounting and tax records. The interpretation of tax law seems confusing and complicated, therefore it was suggested how to reduce the administrative burden of non-profit organization.
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