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Succession of spider assemblages in quarries of Bohemian Karst
Siegelová, Eva ; Kubcová, Lenka (advisor) ; Korenko, Stanislav (referee)
In this thesis, the succession of spider assemblages in five limestone quarries of different ages in Bohemian Karst has been studied. The main goal of this paper was studying changes of spider assemblages along successional gradient. Furthermore, different environmental factors affecting spider communities and also assemblages of spider communites in different terraces of the quarry have been studied. Standardized methods (pitfall traps, hanging desk traps, shifting leaf litter, sweeping of herb vegetation, and beating shrubs) have been used for recording the highest possible richness of spiders. The results showed that position of the terraces and the age of the quarry do not affect species richness and density. Species density of epigeic spiders increased significantly with number of the plant species. The results showed that spiders do not have their own succession, but they are following vegetational succession. The environmental factors which affect species composition of spiders from the pitfall traps are positon of terraces, shading and moss cover. Although the age of the quarry was insignificant for spiders from pitfall traps, every quarry was inhabited by different spider communities. Shrubs and tree-dwelling spiders showed correlations with the age of the quarry. Data recorded from...
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Comparison of Arachnids from caves in selected parts of Balcanic and Alpine-Carpathian regions
Škopek, Zdeněk ; Šťáhlavský, František (advisor) ; Růžička, Vlastimil (referee)
This work presents comparison of cave arachnids in selected areas of Balcanic and Alpine-Carpathian regions. The work contains basic characteristics of studied regions, also characteristics of cave environment and explanation of important terms often used in relation to these habitats. Further, it concludes basic knowledge of all recent orders of arachnids to cave environment. It contains also detailed study of the best investigated groups of arachnids, and tries to explain some aspects, which influence the biodiversity on the matched area. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Sublethal effect of agrochemicals on \kur{Pardosa} sp.
KRIŠTOFOVÁ, Lucie
In the last decades, there has been a growing interest in studying particular those arthropods who have an important role in agroecosystems. For example, they are natural enemies of pests and therefore they are considered to be beneficial organisms. However, these beneficial arthropods may be negatively affected by the application of chemicals under the management of agroecosystems and their potential to inhibit pests can be significantly reduced. Such organisms certainly include spiders which occure in abundant numbers practically in all types of terrestrial habitats including agricultural ecosystems where they have a role of very important predators. Therefore, the thesis focused on current issues of pesticides, especially from the view of their negative effects on behavioral modification of beneficial invertebrate organisms in agricultural crops. The theoretical part is devoted to a brief characteristics of pesticides, their sublethal effects on non-target organisms and the importance of spiders as natural regulators of pests in agroecosystems. The practical part describes the experiment whereconventionally used agrochemicals were tested the influence of the herbicide and desiccant Basta 15, the Arrest preparation and their combination (mixture Basta 15 + Arrest) on spiders genus Pardosa. I focused on the side effects of these solutions, specifically on the modification of predatory behavior and on the mortality of spiders. It has been shown that agrochemicals affect the predation successfulness of spiders. From the short term and the long term point of view, it has been shown that spiders treated with the tested preparations killed less prey than the individuals in the control group which were treated only with distilled water. The dependence of mortality and the number of killed prey on the size and sex has not been proved. Preparations Basta 15 and the mixture caused significantly higher mortality of spiders. The Arrest preparation did not increase the mortality.
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Characters used for determining of spiders (Araneae)
KRIŠTOFOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor thesis focuses on a current issue of classifying spiders into their families. The incorrect recognitions of a family are often caused by inappropriate choice of morphological features and their ambiguous characteristics for determination usage. In a literary review, various morphological characters of spiders used for their determination to families are summarized and described. Subsequently, two Czech keys were tested by respondents, which provided a view of the steps and features causing difficulties in classifying spider families. Thus, I outline both unquestioning acceptance of features from older sources and the fact that their usage is not always a reliable tool for determination. Often neglected is the attitude of inexperienced observers who look upon the spider body inexpertly, not being influenced by arachnological traditions, and therefore, with a certain dose of exaggeration, objectively. This is the reason why the research was done mainly with the help of amateur public. In the final parts of the bachelor thesis, I both discuss problems that emerged and were recorded during the observation and recommend suitable improvements concerning the classification keys.
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Vliv hospodářských zásahů na změnu v biologické rozmanitosti ve zvláště chráněných územích: Monitoring a ověření různých metod hospodářských zásahů ve vodních a mokřadních ekosystémech Novozámeckého rybníka v období roku 2002
Okresní vlastivědné muzeum, Česká Lípa ; Horáček, Dan ; Klápště, Jaroslav ; Filip, Karel ; Kurka, Pavel ; Vitáček, Zdeněk ; Kůrka, Antonín ; Honců, Miroslav ; Knauerová, Marta
Zprávu tvoří tyto dílčí studie: 1. Monitoring změn lučních porostů a rákosin v závislosti na kosení rákosu a odstraňování dřevin, 2. Monitoring entomofauny v souvislosti se změnami biotopů NPR Novozámecký rybník u Zahrádek, 3. Arachnofauna NPR Novozámecký rybník (pavouci - araneae) - zpráva o výsledcích výzkumu prováděného v roce 2002, 4. Monitoring změn vodního ptactva v souvislosti s plošně rozsáhlými zásahy v rákosových, lučních a vrbových porostech NPR Novozámecký rybník, 5. Ptactvo NPR Novozámecký rybník se zaměřením na řády Brodiví (Cioconiiformes), Dravci (Falconiformes) a Krátkokřídlí (Ralliformes), 6. Zpráva o monitorování změn drobného zpěvného ptactva v NPR Novozámecký rybník v Zahrádkách u České Lípy v roce 2002, 7. Monitoring vybraných skupin obratlovců, zjištění stavu populací a sledování vlivu prováděného managementu.
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Červená kniha biotopů České republiky
Ústav ekologie krajiny AV ČR, České Budějovice ; Kučera, Tomáš
Cílem projektu je vypracování podkladů pro knižní publikaci (rukopis), která uzavře řadu "červených knih" a vyhodnotí podle moderního pojetí ochrany přírody přírodní biotopy. Řešení projektu bylo rozděleno do tří částí: 1. Sestavení dílčích přehledů červených druhů různých skupin charakteristických pro biotopy (klasifikace podle Katalogu biotopů), 2. Sestavení vegetačních charakteristik biotopů a charakteristických druhů cévnatých rostlin, 3. Analýza prostorových charakteristik biotopů (na základě výsledků mapování biotopů).
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Vliv hospodářských zásahů na změnu v biologické rozmanitosti ve zvláště chráněných územích: Monitoring a ověření různých metod hospodářských zásahů ve vodních a mokřadních ekosystémech Novozámeckého rybníka v období roku 2001
Okresní vlastivědné muzeum, Česká Lípa ; Vitáček, Zdeněk ; Klápště, Jaroslav ; Filip, Karel ; Kurka, Pavel ; Kůrka, Antonín ; Honců, Miroslav ; Knauerová, Marta
Dílčí zprávy zpracované Okresním vlastivědným muzeem v České Lípě. Zpráva za botanickou část - monitoring změn lučních porostů a rákosin v závislosti na kosení rákosu a odstraňování dřevin. Zpráva o výsledcích výzkumu arachnofauny NPR Novozámecký rybník (pavouci - Araneae). Zpráva z průzkumu brouků, vážek a rovnokřídlých, mravenců. Monitoring změn vodního ptactva v souvislosti s plošně rozsáhlými zásahy v rákosových, lučních a vrbových porostech. Zpráva o monitorování změn vodního ptactva v NPR Novozámecký rybník v Zahrádkách u České Lípy. Ptactvo NPR Novozámecký rybník se zaměřením na řády brodiví, dravci a krátkokřídlí. Monitoring vybraných skupin obratlovců, zjištění stavu populací, vliv prováděného managementu.
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Ecological education in nursery school
MRÁZKOVÁ, Kristýna
Mrázková, K.: Ecological education in nursery school Insects and spiders as model taxon within ecological education in nursery school An educational proposal for work with pre-school children aimed at closer familiarization with life of insects and spiders has been elaborated. The submitted proposal has been developed into eleven incorporated sections connected through a motivational fairy-tale "Little George among beetles". Six of these sections have been tried out and in terms of field-test results and gained experience the implementation of remaining five is now being arranged. Work and grapho-motive sheets for children of pre-chool age have been also designed and presented with each topic.
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