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Nutrition of pregnant - reccomendation and reality
FAJMONOVÁ, Simona
For my bachelor thesis I have chosen the theme : Nutrition of pregnant women recommendations and reality. The theoretical part includes the specifics of nutrition in preconception period and pregnancy, risk groups of pregnant women, high-risk behavior and a chapter about dietary supplementation in pregnancy. Pregnancy is an important period in a woman's life. The changes that accompany pregnancy also impose increased demands on the supply of the body with nutrients. I have chosen the method of a survey for the processing of the research part of my thesis. The practical part includes the results of the survey, which was attended by 80 women in the 7th-9th month of pregnancy. The questionnaire asked for basic information besides the weight, height and weight gain in pregnancy, also eating habits, fluid intake, inadequate habits (alcohol, smoking), use of dietary supplements, awareness of pregnant women and their physical activity. The questionnaires were processed in Microsoft Excel using tables and graphs. All collected pieces of information about dietary habits were compared with the recommendations for pregnant women. The aim of this thesis was to find out what is the reality of eating habits of pregnant women compared with recommendations. Another aim was to determine, whether pregnant women are well informed about the nutrition recommendations during their pregnancy and where they get the information from. Further aim was to explore, whether pregnant women use nutritional supplements before or during pregnancy and what kind of them. The last aim was to determine some of the bad habits during pregnancy (e.g. alcohol , smoking). The results of the questionnaire survey showed that by the majority of pregnant women the reality and recommendations coincided in water intake and beverage preference. Most of them preferred water or tea. Coffee consumption was also by the majority of them problem-free. Eating meat and eggs corresponded with the recommendations for a large group of respondents. As for legumes, fish and fish products, their consumption corresponded with the recommendations by only about half of the women. Eating fruits and vegetables were in the majority of pregnant women unfortunately insufficient as well as the consumption of milk and dairy products, nuts and seeds. It would be very appropriate to increase consumption of these groups of food. Conversely, the consumption of sausages and sweets, which turned out to be more frequent, should be reduced . Most women were well informed about the nutrition recommendations during their pregnancy, in most cases from the media or pregnancy counseling from a doctor. Here, I would suggest creating a website for pregnant women offering really reliable information. Nutritional supplements related to pregnancy were used by about half of the respondents. Only less than a half of the surveyed women supplemented folic acid in preconception period. I would suggest to create some information leaflets about the suitability of folic acid supplementation in preconception period and place them in the gynecological outpatient's clinics . Pregnant women ordinarily didn't smoke and consume alcohol. Occasional alcohol consumption stated 14 % of women. It seems that women are informed enough about the risk of smoking and alcohol consumption.
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Fast food consumer´s awareness about the health risks and factors leading to preference for this type of meals
BENÝŠKOVÁ, Ivetta
Consumption of fast-food style meals increases the risk of occurrence of health problems that might result in some diseases called lifestyle diseases or diseases of civilization. Frequent fast food consumption and related inadequate eating habits lead to increased morbidity and mortality linked particularly to obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and other health problems even from early age. This thesis analyses the problems of eating at fast food restaurants and stands from the point of view of health, proper nutrition and eating habits. The aim of the thesis is to describe objective health risks resulting from regular fast food consumption. Nutritional components and values of fast food meals and their influence on health were described as well as possible risks of development of some lifestyle diseases. The aim of the practical part of the thesis was to map the awareness of health risks resulting from frequent consumption of this kind of food among fast food consumers and the factors that lead them to preference, choice of this kind of nutrition instead of rational nutrition. The research was performed by means of qualitative data collection methods observation of the target group consisting of visitors of fast food restaurants and stands and the method of structured interview with selected fast food consumers. The research was performed with fifteen respondents selected by random selection method. The data collection results were subject to content analysis. The results have shown that Czech fast food consumers are informed on health risks like obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and gastrointestinal problems caused by frequent fast food consumption and they are aware of the negative nutritional aspects of this type of diet, particularly high content of fat, salt and sugar. The research result have also shown that Czech fast food consumers do not prefer fast food to rational nourishment. If they eat fast food, it is because of haste and lack of time and when they feel they have no other possibility. The consumers prefer fast food when they have real appetite or when they are in a foreign town or country. Social factors have also proven to have influence on fast food consumption. Eating at fast food restaurants with friends is particularly popular among teenagers and children, who even go to fast food restaurants to play, celebrate birthdays etc. The observation results have shown that location of fast food operations have no essential influence on attendance, type of consumers and the factors affecting consumption of this kind of food.
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Obesity in children of school age from the perspective of nurses working in GP
BURSÍKOVÁ, Drahoslava
Abstract Obesity in School Children from the Point of View of a Nurse Working in a GP's Surgery The thesis focuses on the problems of nursing care of children with overweight and obesity. This issue is very urgent nowadays, not only in the Czech Republic, but it is a global problem. Our country holds one of the leading positions in children obesity. Children suffering from overweight and obesity have not only health problems resulting from obesity complications, but also problems in the field of psyche and social relations, particularly among their peers. This is why the right insight into the issue and finding an acceptable solution for the future is so important. The theoretical part deals with the problems of children obesity, the specifics of nursing care of these children within a surgery of a general paediatrician. It also focuses on the needs of children with normal weight and on the needs of overweight children. Four aims were set within the research. The first aim was to map the situation in obesity among school and pre-school children in Benešov District. The second aim was to map services (possibilities of further assistance, treatment) that parents and practitioners may use in treatment of children with overweight and obesity in Benešov District. The third aim was to compare success rate of obesity treatment in children that have already undergone obesity treatment under specialist supervision and success rate of weight reduction in children trying themselves. The fourth aim was to map the problems of cooperation of a nurse with parents and school in treatment of a child with obesity. We used a qualitative research method in the research part of the thesis. The questioning method by means of semi structured interview was applied. Three research samples were prepared for the research purposes. The first research sample consisted of 10 nurses working in paediatrician practitioner surgeries in Benešov District. The second research sample consisted of 10 persons intentionally chosen from among parents of children with obesity that are trying to reduce the weight of their children themselves or under assistance of an obesity specialist. The children were of school and pre-school age. The third research sample consisted of 10 paediatrician practitioners practicing in Benešov District. Open-coding technique paper and pencil method was applied on interview processing. A document analysis was used for the mapping of the services in Benešov District and the whole Central Bohemia Region. Six research questions were set: 1. What are the possibilities of specialist help to obese children? 2. Are parents willing to help their obese children with overweight reduction? 3. Do parents of obese children also have problems with overweight? 4. What experience do nurses from paediatrician practitioner surgeries have with care about obese children? 5. What does cooperation between parents and a nurse from a paediatrician practitioner surgery looks like? 6. How does a nurse working in a paediatrician practitioner's surgery cooperates with the school? The thesis conclusion shows that the problem of children obesity is not just the matter of Benešov District, but it is a global problem, it is urgent and has an increasing trend.
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Which factors influnced the students' eating habits the most?
DOLEŽALOVÁ, Markéta
Aim of this work is to clarify the fact that most influenced the eating habits of students and compare the habits of high school students and apprentices fields of secondary education with a vocational certificate . The theoretical part will deal with a sense of good nutrition , especially during the development period of adolescence. This will be preceded by a historical and contemporary look at eating habits. Will also be paid to nutrition , particularly nutrition. To conclude this section highlights the problems associated with poor food intake. The practical part will attempt to capture specific influences on adolescent eating . Using this method, the questionnaire addresses the grammar school students and apprentices secondary education with a vocational certificate . The results will be summarized , analyzed and interpreted. In conclusion, recommendations will be formulated in relation to students , their parents and school.
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Detect the presence of obesity of children 10-11 years old in České Budějovice by BMI method
NOVÁK, Václav
The main aim of this diploma thesis is to determine the occurrence of obesity in schoolchildren attending primary schools in České Budějovice. The research focused on determining whether students of the 5 th grades aged 10 and 11 are obese based on their body mass index, age and sex BMI percentile graph. the findings were compared against the Parizkova and Lisa method (2007). It was discovered that 5,13 % of the responded girls and 6,67 % of the boys are obese. The results suggest that out of 195 participants, 11,5% of them suffer from obesity and that the occurrence of obesity is more frequent in boys.
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Representation of cereal products and their quality in the diet of basic school pupils and university students
JURÁK, Ondřej
In the theoretical part of the diploma thesis there was described food of cereal character including school nutrition programmes and their representation in the diet of basic school pupils and university students. The interview focused on the representation of cereal products and their importance in the diet is described in the research part of this diploma thesis. The interview was made in the groups of pupils in higher basic schools and university students. When evaluating the questionnaire survey, there were assessed the quantity, individual types and quality of commonly consumed cereal products and the level of eating habits of respondents in accordance with the principles of good nutrition. After evaluation of the interviews it was found that basic school pupils have worse all-day eating habits than university students. It was confirmed mostly by the answers of the questions relating to breakfast, mid-afternoon snacks and total number of meals during a day. University students prefer wholegrain products more than basic school pupils. Pupils of higher basic schools have lower knowledge level of cereals than university students.
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Changes in eating habits at patients with colorectal cancer
FRANKOVÁ, Zuzana
Abstract: This Bachelor´s thesis is divided into two parts. The first part, a theoretical one, describestheoretical knowledge which are essential for orientation in this issue. It includes anatomical and physiological summary of large intestine and rectum, the issue of colorectal cancer as a disease and it describes the cause of its origin, symptoms and a medical treatment. The thesis will examine eating habits in relation to the oncology of large intestine and rectum. A part of this thesis is devoted to the colorectal screening. The second part, an empiric one, deals with qualitative research. There are six respondents who suffered a disease of colorectal cancer and they were inteviewed in which way the disease influenced their eating habits. The aim of this thesis is to support a positive approach of society for colorectal cancer prevention and also let the public look into lifestories of people who suffered an oncological disease of large intestine and rectum. Colon and rectum, eating habits, nutrition, colorectal cancer.
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The effects of advertising on children's eating habits and its regulations
Bičovská, Dana ; Postler, Milan (advisor) ; Mikeš, Jiří (referee)
This thesis deals with the effects of advertising on children's eating habits in relation to its regulations. The aim is to analyze the impact of advertising on children in this sensitive area and assess whether the current regulations are sufficient. This thesis is divided into two parts, the first of which is devoted to the theory and the second applies this knowledge into practice. The first chapter of the theoretical part describes the principles of marketing, the second one is devoted to marketing and commercial communications, specifically to advertising as one of the forms. In the third chapter the topic of marketing segmentation is discussed and the last part deals with children as a specific consumer in relation to advertising, including connection with their eating habits. In the practical part the research was conducted in order to determine how much children are influenced by food product advertising. Based on the results individual knowledge was summarized.
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Eating habits of children and youth in selected schools
OHEROVÁ, Martina
Over the last decade, there is an enormous increase in the number of children and young people with health problems due to the non-compliant boarding. This is not only about overweight or obesity, the problem is much broader spectrum - diseases such as diabetes mellitus 2nd type, high blood pressure, high level of cholesterol and other cardiovaskular problems do not affect only adults anymore. This work is focused on primary school pupils and high school students, on finding their eating habits and the following comparison. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part includes the basic data describing the quality of eating in the world and in the Czech population and also describes the charakteristics of contemporary boarding. This section also emphasizes the importance of diet for a child´s body in various stages of development, including the intrauterine one. Of course also serves dietary guidelines, both the preferences of specific dietary components and the frequency of meals, distribution of energy intake during the day etc. It also briefly describes the various dietary components and their function in the body, describes the different ways to check the status of human nutrition and the conclusion is devoted to the pathology of child nutrition. The practical part contains the results of research that were gathered through the method of questioning, using questionaires. The data were collected anonymously. Questionnaires were distributed to 7th and 9th classes of primary school and the first and third grades of secondary schools in the district of Jihlava. Respondents answered a total of 15 questions, two of which were open. Of the 65 questionnaires (100%) distributed to elementary school returned 55, 2 of them had to be excluded due to incompleteness, a total of 53 - 82% return. At high school, it was also distributed 65 questionnaires (100%), returned 54 - 83% return. The aim of this study was to determine the dietary habits of children and adolescents, and to assess whether positive approach to healthy nutrition tend to have younger pupils in primary schools, which are still under the powerful influence of parents, or whether the food more cares older high school youth. Based on this goal I set two hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: There are differences in the diet on selected primary and secondary schools in the district of Jihlava. Hypothesis 2: High school youth do not eat in accordance with the food pyramid. After subsequent testing of hypotheses it was proved that differences between primary school pupils and secondary school students actually exist. Surprisingly, the better rating in the test had high school students. Those, besides a consumption of alcohol, have better eating habits - they have regular meals, breakfast was more in line with dietary recommendations, more frequently attend a school canteen, the majority has not been shown to be regularly active smoking etc. At both schools, without distinction, occurred more serious shortcomings in the consumption of fruit and vegetables, there also was a relatively high number of students who have ever tried tobacco and alcohol consumption. In addition to the hypotheses, I also compared the differences in responses depending on gender of respondents and correlation between the resulting score of questionnaire and Body Mass Index which I calculated on the basis of height and weight. Between boys and girls were shown minimal differences, concerning rather morning snacks (girls prefer healthier foods) and more active interest in a healthy lifestyle by girls again. Relationship between Body Mass Index and resulting scores in the questionnaire was not demonstrated. This work may serve to school teachers as a study material in the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, as well as parents of children and adolescents to broaden knowledge of this issue.
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