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The Radiation load of the Nuclear Medicine staff before and after the PET/CT installation in České Budějovice
TURKOVÁ, Aneta
The thesis deals with the radiation load on the staff at the Department of Nuclear Medicine in České Budějovice Hospital Plc. Its aim is to compare the radiation load on the staff of the Department of Nuclear Medicine of České Budějovice Hospital Plc before and after the installation of PET/CT gadget. My thesis includes a hypothesis in which I suppose that the radiation load of radiation has risen after the installation of the new gadget. To meet the target and verify the hypothesis I used the data which have been provided by the Department of Nuclear Medicine of České Budějovice Hospital Plc. I put the data into charts and made their graphic design. The data show that the overall radiation load on the staff has decreased thanks to the increased protection against radiation. New protection aids and gadgets have been bought to make the application of radiopharmaceuticals easier. The result of my thesis disproves the hypothesis set before the beginning of my thesis. My thesis has provided the staff of the Department of Nuclear Medicine of České Budějovice Hospital Plc with an overview of collective dosage within six years, which I recorded. By the disproof of my original hypothesis it has been acknowledged that the Hospital and the Department of Nuclear Medicine secured its staff and started to pay more attention to the protection against radiation.
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Development of the number of the whole body skeletal scintigraphy in recent years (in the context of the number of PET and the numbers of patients with prostate, breast, and lung cancer)
KINSKÁ, Jana
This bachelor thesis deals with development of the number of the whole-body skeletal scintigraphy in recent years in the context of the numbers of PET and the number of patients with prostate, breast and lung cancer. The aim of this thesis is to give an overview of the development of the number of the whole-body skeletal scintigraphy in connection with the number of PET and the number of patients with prostate, breast and lung cancer from selected Departments of Nuclear Medicine since 2010. This thesis focuses on one particular question: "Has the number of the whole-body skeletal scintigraphy increase during the years?". The defined aim has been fulfilled and the question asked has been answered. The overview of the development of the number of the whole-body skeletal scintigraphy and of the numbers of PET, PET/CT scans was obtained by means of quantitative research in 13 Departments of Nuclear Medicine in the Czech Republic. The overview of the number of patients with prostate, breast and lung cancer is based on data available from the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic. The results of the research show that the development of the number of the whole-body skeletal scintigraphy has a clear downward tendency during the evaluated years. An upward trend is observable in the course of the evaluated years in development of the number of PET, PET/CT scans compared to the skeletal scintigraphy. The upward development is also evident in the number of patients with prostate, breast and lung cancer in the evaluated years. For this reason, the PET, PET/CT scan is increasingly used as the number of patients with prostate, breast and lung cancer increase. This is a possible conclusion from the results generated. This examination is very suitable and very often used for their diagnosis, the measurement of the extent of cancer, but also for the evaluation of the therapy's efficiency and the possibility of relapse.
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Complications during PET / CT examinations and frequency of occurration at the Department of Nuclear Medicine in České Budějovice Hospital, a.s.
HOUDKOVÁ, Tamara
This thesis is focused on complications at PET/CT examinations. The complications at these examinations are either processes which complicate the progress of examination within the meaning of affection of the quality of outcome efficiency or health complications as the linear after effect of PET/CT examination. In the first example it concerns of uncooperative patients with the excessive movements during examination or complicated venous acces for giving off intravenous screening substances. In the second example the most substantial complications are allergic reaction after delivery of jodinate contrasti substance. The object of this work was to follow complications at PET/CT examinations at the department of nuclear medicine of hostpital in České Budějovice, a.s. (here in after NEMČB), to do their analysis and in case of possibilities to suggest some systemic preventive measures. At the teoretical part of work I foccused on basic information about PET/CT device, the process of examination and all the facts related with it. At the description of particular complications I used my experience from the internship directly at the department of nuclear medicine at the NEMČB. Based on the inspection of actual state of affairs was set the hypothesis: 1. The most frequent complication at the PET/CT examinations are caused by the patients who do not cooperate. For the practical part was undertaken quantitative analysis. Data acquisition was done at the department of nuclear medicine of NEMČB by analysis of documentation of performed examinations in the term from January 2019 to June 2019. Datas were found out from application documents, the complications were then divided into four categories similarly teoretical part. Datas were statisticaly and graphicaly processed. The results of the work is possible to use as a basis for better quality of screening processes at the department of nuclear medicine and equally as the study material.
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Preparation of radiopharmaceuticals at the department of nuclear medicine
ČERNOHORSKÁ, Eliška
The bachelor thesis deals with the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals for the department of nuclear medicine. The theoretical part describes the basic terminology related to radiopharmaceuticals, their production, acquisition, methods of preparation or dosage forms in which they are applied. Part of the work is also devoted to no less important effects of ionizing radiation and protection against it, which is related to the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals. The theoretical part is processed from professional publications, articles and websites in the form of literary review. The aim of this thesis was to describe the preparation of most used individual radiopharmaceuticals for certain examinations at the Department of Nuclear Medicine of the Hospital of České Budějovice, a.s. This aim was fulfilled in the practical part, where were described the individual radiopharmaceuticals, the detailed procedure of their preparation and the principles of their storage. The practical part also includes requirements for workplace equipment, cleanliness of the operational environment (clean room construction, cleanliness classes, air conditioning, requirements for workers and their work, which is based on aseptic work procedures and the principles of radiation protection. The work contributes to the knowledge of the operation and equipment of the workplace and the requirements placed on it, as well as to the understanding of the preparation of individual radiopharmaceuticals at the department of preparation of radiopharmaceuticals. The work is conceived as an educational text especially for students and staff of the field of radiology assistant. I also focused on outlining the operation and layout of the OPR, the requirements for work in this department, which is based on aseptic work and protection against ionizing radiation. Both research questions were fullfiled by this. This work can be, in my opinion, used as an educational text especially for students and staff of the field of radiology assistant.
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Ligand design for medicinal applications
Paúrová, Monika ; Kotek, Jan (advisor) ; Trávníček, Zdeněk (referee) ; Řezanka, Pavel (referee)
In recent years, copper radioisotopes have been extensively studied for their suitable coordination and physical properties. Nuclides 61 Cu, 64 Cu and 67 Cu are used in nuclear medicine - in diagnostic as well as in therapeutic applications. The aim of the Thesis is a study of the coordination properties of divalent copper as a stepping stone for the next potential applications. The presented Thesis consists of two thematic parts. The first part deals with the synthesis of cyclam derivatives. Sixteen new macrocyclic ligands with different phosphorus acid coordinating pendant arms (phosphinate, phosphonate, germinal P-C-P) were prepared; an analogous ligand endowed by carboxylic acid pendant arm as well as tetramethylcyclam without coordinating arm were prepared for comparison. The influence of the nature of coordinating acid pendant arms on selectivity and on the rate of copper(II) complexation was studied in detail. The protonation constants of the free ligands and the stability constants of the complexes with selected transition metal ions were determined by potentiometric titrations and by 1 H and 31 P NMR spectroscopy. Kinetic properties - i.e. studies of the formation rate and kinetic inertness of the copper(II) complexes - were performed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The formation kinetics of the selected...
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Polymer carriers for nuclear medicine
Sedláček, Ondřej
In the thesis, we developed and studied a novel polymer delivery system for the DNA-intercalator bearing radioisotope iodine-125. Auger electrons emitting radioisotopes (such as iodine-125 or indium-111) are a potentially effective cancer treatment. Their use as an effective cancer therapy requires that they will be transported within close proximity of DNA, where they induce double-strand breaks leading to the cell death. This type of therapy may be even more beneficial when associated with drug delivery systems. The DNA intercalators proved to be effective carriers for the delivery of Auger electron emitters into DNA. Therefore, the new radioiodinated DNA-intercalating ellipticinium derivatives were synthesized and characterized. These compounds were linked to N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymer with narrow molecular weight distribution via acid-sensitive hydrazone linker. The structure of the linker plays a crucial role in the biological effectivity of the delivery system, so it was optimized to be stable at pH 7.4 (representing the pH of blood plasma), whereas in slightly acidic pH in endosomes after the cell internalization, the radioiodine-containing biologically active intercalator is rapidly released from its polymer carrier. The intercalating ability of the active compound was...
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Polymer carriers for nuclear medicine
Sedláček, Ondřej
In the thesis, we developed and studied a novel polymer delivery system for the DNA-intercalator bearing radioisotope iodine-125. Auger electrons emitting radioisotopes (such as iodine-125 or indium-111) are a potentially effective cancer treatment. Their use as an effective cancer therapy requires that they will be transported within close proximity of DNA, where they induce double-strand breaks leading to the cell death. This type of therapy may be even more beneficial when associated with drug delivery systems. The DNA intercalators proved to be effective carriers for the delivery of Auger electron emitters into DNA. Therefore, the new radioiodinated DNA-intercalating ellipticinium derivatives were synthesized and characterized. These compounds were linked to N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymer with narrow molecular weight distribution via acid-sensitive hydrazone linker. The structure of the linker plays a crucial role in the biological effectivity of the delivery system, so it was optimized to be stable at pH 7.4 (representing the pH of blood plasma), whereas in slightly acidic pH in endosomes after the cell internalization, the radioiodine-containing biologically active intercalator is rapidly released from its polymer carrier. The intercalating ability of the active compound was...
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Radiolabeling of aluminum and gallium complexes with radioisotope 18F
Kuncová, Lucie ; Kubíček, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Vojtíšek, Pavel (referee)
The most widely used emitter in positron emission tomography is the fluorine isotope 18 F, which can bind to a number of atoms, and thus allows the formation of imaging agents for positron emission tomography. This work will summarize methods for labeling complexes containing aluminum or gallium as a central cation, which can serve as stable carriers of the positron emitter in a human body. Both of these elements have unique physical and chemical properties suitable for molecular imaging. Therefore the development of complex labeling, their structure, coordination environment and some applications in nuclear medicine will be described here.
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Radiation safety in the nuclear medicine department
ANTONÍNOVÁ, Eva
The practice in the department of nuclear medicine requires the involvement of radiation protection with care of patients and occupational safety of radiation workers. Nuclear medicine involves the handling of radioactive substances that may cause external or internal irradiation of workers. The amount of the dose depends on the type of radionuclide, the amount of energy, the work performed by the worker within the department. Patients or staff may be exposed to the external or internal irradiation. The topic of this thesis is the analysis of the current state of radiation protection in the department of nuclear medicine according to the new legislation. The part of the work is the evaluation of monitoring of workers and patients. The research results of the average annual effective dose of total body irradiation at radiation workers ranged from 1.35 to 1.73 mSv, monthly ranged from 0.1? 0.65 mSv. The average annual equivalent dose of Hp (0,07) ranged from 1.15 to 117.68 mSw. The lowest monthly Hp (0.07) was 0.07 mSw and the highest one was 19.92 mSw. At SSK-treated patients the doses applied were 4% lower than diagnostic reference level and the dose at DSSL-treated patients was 22% less than DRU. In conclusion, it was found that the values from personal dosimeters were below the limit and in the case of finger dosimeters in two cases the values were above the examination level. The values of other workers were below the monitoring level during the monitored period. The applied doses of radiopharmaceuticals were less in the observed group of patients than the established diagnostic reference level. On the basis of the presented results it can be stated that radiation protection is in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Znojmo Hospital f.o, secured in accordance with the applicable legislation.
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The activity ratio of 30. minute/2.-3. minute in the Dynamic renal scintigraphy
KUKAČKOVÁ, Jana
The objective of the present Bachelor thesis is to determine normal values of the ratio of activity in the Region of Interest (ROI) of a healthy kidney in the 30th minute of the examination compared to the 2nd - 3 rd minutes in patients up to 18 years of age at the Nuclear Medicine Department in České Budějovice. For the purposes of comparison, values of the ratio of activity in ROI of the kidney in the 30th minute are compared with the peak in the same patients. Dynamic kidney scintigraphy with 99mTc-MAG3, generally modified by a furosemide test, is carried out in case of child patients with respect to whom simple dilatation of the pelvicalyceal system must be distinguished from obstruction. A set of 35 patients at the age of 0-18 was selected for the purposes of statistical processing in the period from 01 January 2018 to 13 November 2018, whereupon these patients underwent dynamic kidney scintigraphy with 99mTc-MAG3. As a result, 47 usable renal units were obtained. Renal units with pathological findings were removed from the set. In these renal units, the ratio of activity 30th min./3rd min. and the ratio 30th min./peak were observed. For comparison, the total of 4 selective statistical sets (VSS) were formed - a group of patients at the age of 0-18 and a more restricted group of patients at the age of 0-10 years for both ratios of activity. The collected data were subsequently used for parametric testing. The contribution of this thesis consists in the determination of normal values of the ratio of activity 30th minute/2nd - 3 rd minutes, which will be useful in differentiating mild dilatation from other pathological conditions (obstruction, reductions in function, etc.) in patients examined by dynamic kidney scintigraphy at the Nuclear Medicine Department in České Budějovice. The elementary static processing implies that normal values of the ratio of activity 30th min./3rd min. oscillate in the interval of values (0.058; 0.238) in patients up to 18 years of age, and in the interval (0,05; 0.27) in patients up to 10 years of age. For the sake of comparison, values of the ratio of activity 30th min./peak oscillate in the interval of values (0,026; 0.246) in patients up to 18 years of age, and in the interval (0.04; 0.26) in case of patients up to 10 years of age. It may be stated that values of ratios of activity 30th min./3rd min. and 30th min./peak are approximately comparable. Based on the applied double-selection t-test, the zero hypothesis was adopted, meaning that the selective statistical sets originate from the same basic statistical set on the given significance level.
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