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Change of the constitution: an analysis of the circumstances, the course and the impact
Štveráková, Iveta ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Smetanková, Daša (referee)
Since 1 January 2012 there is a new constitution in Hungary, which has been facing a negative criticism not only in homeland but especially abroad from the moment of the approval. The criticism relates to the process of creating and approving the new constitution, which took place in 2011, as well as its content. The constitution is mainly criticized for distortion of the democratic principles. Therefore the aim of this thesis will be an analysis of the process of creation and approval of the constitution, its content and response of domestic and international actors. In April 2012, due to some controversial provisions in the constitution Hungary was brought to the Court of Justice of the EU. Therefore the thesis also deals with the causes of this serious decision and at the same time the way of treating Hungary because of irregularities in the constitution.
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THE CONCEPT OF JUSTICE IN PLATO´S REPUBLICA
HUŠEK, Jakub
This essay primary goal is to present Plato?s theory of justice constituted in his the most famous work Politeia. The first chapter deals with a historical background for questions of justice. It works as an introduction to the topic and shows some influental ideas for Plato?s thinking. The second part focuses on Plato?s conception of justice itself by following his gradual definition in the text. The final chapter concerns with some problematic parts of Plato?s theory and draws a comparison between Plato?s and Aristotle?s definition of justice.
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Comparison of Presidential Competences During the First Czechoslovak Republic and Today with Regard to the Executive Power
TISOŇOVÁ, Michaela
The bachelor work deals with comparison of constitutional powers of two important presidents of our republic in two different historical periods of the Czech statehood, president Tomas Garrigue Masaryk and Vaclav Havel. It deals with powers entrusted to them, concerning mostly the executional power, the government over the republic. The comparison deals with their extent and use in real political life. In the introduction to my work I will briefly present the circumstances under which the two important men achieved such eminent position in the Czech state, and in relation with this I will shortly describe the events leading to the emergence of both constitutions, the Constitution of 1920 and the Constitution approved by the Czech National Council in December 1992, which are key materials for the formation and elaboration of my bachelor work. The most important part of this work contains the comparison of the entrusted powers and the subsequent use in practice.
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Transition to democracy in Peru in the 80s and the following development of the country
Zavoralová, Veronika ; Volenec, Otakar (advisor) ; Kochan, Jan (referee)
This thesis analyses the transition to democracy in Peru and monitors the following development of the country after installing democratic regime. Since the democracy is the fundamental notion of this thesis, first of all it is defined and after is evaluated the current state of democracy in the world and more in detail in Latin America. The thesis shows that the transition to democracy in Peru was in many was similar to the others democratic processes in the region but also that it has certain specialities. In the end, the thesis evaluates the current state of democracy in Peru according to perception of the inhabitants of this country.
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The Status of Ethnic Minorities: the case of Spain
Slaměnová, Lucie ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Rey, Martin (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the status of ethnic minorities in Spain. The goal is to determine whether the status of minorities in Spain is effective for this country. This bachelor thesis consists of three parts - the definition of minority group, historical consequences and description of the Spanish constitution. In the first part there is a definition of problems of national minorities. The second part deals with the analysis of historical context to the status of national minorities in Spain. The last part includes the description of the Spanish Constitution.
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Influence of Islam on Turkey's position in international community: Turkey and European Union. Dimension of human rights
Stavjaňa, Petr ; Lehmannová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Novotná, Yvona (referee)
The aim of this work is to analyse the progress made by Turkey in human rights area and identify how important role of Islam there is. The work attempts to refute the idea that Muslim society is not possible to create a functioning legal system that takes sufficient account of the protection of human rights. Reforms of 20 and 30 years of the 21st century were used as theoretical basis. For the analysis of advances in the field of legislation was used Turkish Constitution as the basic document, which is the most important from the point of view of the European Union. A key part of this thesis is an analysis of current problems in the field of human rights and criticism of the international community, especially the European Union that Turkey must face. The work attempts to identify how important role is played by Islam in the issue.
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The authority of the financial control of the community - connections and confrontations with the EU
ŽEMLIČKOVÁ, Kamila
In the project I discuss the issue of the authority of financial control of the community {--} connections and confrontation with EU. The pursuit of clarify the question: "What is the community?", "Which authorities does it have?", "How is its way to wield a region of the independent field of activity and in the region of the delegate sphere?" The target of the project is to make the activity of the authority clearly, let us say to specify the authorizations of the authority of financial control of the community. The community is a ground of the state. The constitution of the Czech Republic characterizes the community like a fundamental area of a citizen association which has right to self-government. Each part of the Czech Republic territory is inseparable from some districts of the community. The law number 128/2000 of statute-book, about the community (community establishment) in the wording of late directive gives wide choice of unite, to establish the confederation. In the Czech Republic, like in another states in European Union, creates each individual community the fellowships wickedly its interests. The communities have tasks in a region of the independent field of activity and in the region of the delegate sphere. The practical invoking of laws and regulations are not without the serious troubles. The communities have to meet the requirements according to the instructions from above. Strictly speaking they have not an option to influence retrospectively and determine to form of the legislation. Because the state is one and only, it can gives a definition about its interests wickedly its conceptions. To the contrary is countless numbers of communities in the Czech Republic. The disparateness of the component interests of constituent communities is thus understandable. The independent authorities have a big power (authority) in the Czech Republic. This reality brings with itself the humungous responsibility. In the Czech Republic is about 6 254 communities. About financial resources which are leak through the financial authority of territorial autonomy {--} it is about 250 milliards Czech crowns per a year {--} make decisions the members of the community and region.
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Three Historical Accounts of the Senate in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic
Broklová, Eva
The bicameral system is theoretically incompatible with indivisible sovereignty of a nation. The Czechoslovakian revolutionary National Assembly 1918-1920 was unicameral. The creation of the Senate under Constitution of 1920 sparked controversy among political powers of time. The senate fullfilled the role ascribed to bicameral system in a modern state because it was composed of a different type of people. Pursuant to the Constitutional Decree of 1944 the Interim National Assembly was unicameral. The possibility to use the Senate as a potential barrier to subjecting the Slovaks to the Czech majority and against the electorates' radicalism not found support. The Constitution of the Czech Republic instituted the Senate but it actually came into existence only 1996.
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