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Personal characteristics of rescuers
DAVIDOVÁ, Klára
The profession of rescuers is very stressful and requires high level of resistance against stress, connected to pro-social tendencies, which are altruism and empathy. The theoretical part is divided into five topics related to the research. These topics are: helping professions, competence of helping professions, pro-social behaviour, integrated emergency system in the Czech Republic and the last theoretical part concerns personality. The objective of this research was to identify some personality characteristics of rescuers in South Bohemian region, in consideration of pro-social behaviour. The research was carried out in rescue service in South Bohemian region and at the University of South Bohemia. Research was devised through a questionnaire that was given to 77 rescuers (12 of them were studying the subject rescuer at the University of South Bohemia).
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Human dignity and nurse
HRŮZOVÁ, Marcela
The aim of the thesis is to find out the conception of human dignity at medical staff. At nurses, in addition, with a hidden observation to verify to what extent they meet their statements in practice, whether for nurses a patient does not become only an object of relevant therapeutic and nursing acts. The empirical part of this thesis was processed in form of a qualitative research. The data collection technique was a non-standardised interview with nurses at standard in-patient departments, students of the nursery Master study programme, students of a higher nursing school and patients at a standard department. At nurses it was verified, using the technique of hidden observation, to what extent their actual behaviour in practice corresponds to the information mentioned in interviews. Therefore in their interviews we differentiated the mentioned and non-mentioned elements. The interviews were anonymous. They were recorded in writing because only in one case the respondent agreed for us to use a dictaphone. Collection of empirical data proceeded from June to August 2008. Unlike our expectations the research showed that respondents have no conception of human honour and have no complex conception of its keeping in practice. We categorised the rather poor information into five basic categories that covered 92% (intimacy, communication, individuality, empathy and equality of approach). Statements that we did not manage to categorise here create other 5 categories (worthy dying, consider seriously, pain calming, lege artis process and faith). Most often the respondents mentioned the following categories: intimacy (80.4 %), communication (76.8 %), individuality (60.7 %), empathy (39.3 %) and equality of approach (33.9 %). The hidden observation showed that most nurses (13 out of 16, i.e. 81 %) adhered to their fundamentals of keeping human dignity when working with ill people in a satisfactory way. The other 3 nurses made mistakes in all categories except keeping intimacy; here only one of them did wrong. Results of the thesis should contribute to improvement of quality of care and help to better respect for human dignity.
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Pro-Social behaviour of volunteers
ŠTORKOVÁ, Andrea
The bachelor thesis titled ``Pro-Social Behaviour of Volunteers{\crqq} addresses volunteering and volunteers, and compares differences in pro-social behaviour of volunteers and the common population. The research verified two hypotheses: 1. Volunteers show a higher level of pro-social tendencies and behaviour than people without any volunteering experience. 2. Long-term volunteers show a higher level of pro-social behaviour and tendencies than people having short-term volunteering experience. Both the hypotheses have been confirmed.
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The psychotherapeutic potential of ergotherapy in the boarding houses with handicapped
HAUERLANDOVÁ, Milena
Homes for young adults with disabilities provide services to clients with various degrees of mental illness, frequently with physical impairment as well. In respect of age, children and young adults represent the largest part of users of housing services. The facilities try to offer services which ensure fulfilment of basic life needs, they provide substitution of home, leisure time activities and systematic personal development which is aimed at integration into everyday life in society not only by means of training to self-reliance. Occupational therapy (also known as Ergotherapy) and psychosocial rehabilitation represent significant components in the activities. In many facilities the problem is expertise of providers of the occupational therapy activities. Considering that the research is undertaken as exploratory, only working, general areas of research work resulting from research objectives are set, not individual hypotheses. Data were gathered by the questionnaire method. The participants of the research were staff members of selected Homes for people with disabilities situated in Uherský Brod, in Velehrad, in Javorník and in facilities of Archdiocesan charity in Prague. Criteria for selection of respondents was in this case social services worker and worker involved in the direct care for the client. The objectives of the thesis were accomplished. Although specific facilities provide clients with sufficient quantity of occupational therapy activities, from the perspective of the individual-client this effort is restricted by the lack of skilled and professional attitude and insufficient knowledge of the staff and to a certain extent also by facility that provides occupational therapy. Occupational therapy diagnostics in the Homes is applied on minimal level, based especially in long-term clients on original examination of their remaining functional potential. Regardless of possible positive changes in the client it does not offer further forms and methods of development, only preserving the present condition. To improve the current situation, it would be useful to carry out a detailed personnel research in all resident facilities for people with disabilities. If the results were similar to the results on my research, it would be advisable to hire an occupational therapist and to bring to effect legislative adjustment in standards of facilities and thereby prevent mistakes in providing the service.
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Altruism among students preparing for helping professions
BLAŽKOVÁ, Veronika
There are many professions where the main mission is to help people. They are usually designated as helping professions. They comprise specific characteristics among which the key role is played by the worker´s personality. It can be said that the personality of the helping person is the main tool for successful performance in these professions. The personality structure is largely influenced by the factors of altruism and prosocial behaviour. The topic of the bachelor thesis, Altruism among students preparing for helping professions, was chosen due to the fact that in the past the problems of altruism were not paid much attention in domestic professional literature. The theoretical part deals with the definitions of altruism, which more or less differ according to particular sources, and also offers my explanation of the altruism concept from the point of view of e.g. ethics, philosophy and sociobiology. I also focused on the motivation involved in altruistic behaviour (why and under which circumstances people are willing to help). It was necessary to mention the helping professions, their exceptional role, specificities, importance but also some related risks. The objective of my bachelor thesis consists in specifying chosen personal characteristics, mainly altruism, which are related to vocational selection preferring the sphere of helping professions. The thesis aims at better and deeper understanding of helping professions or rather the individuals who perform them. The survey was carried out on the basis of questionnaires and was supposed to prove the following hypothesis: Students preparing for helping professions show a higher level of altruism compared to population standard. The survey was carried out in a random sample of the students of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. The hypothesis was verified. Students preparing for helping professions show a higher level of altruism.
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Preschool Children and their Development of Empathy
NOVÁČKOVÁ, Lenka
I deal with empathy of children in this work. I write about emotion in the theoretical part, because emotion is one of the main parts of empathy. What{\crq}s more I mention strategies, that aim to progress of the empathy. I also introduce key parameters. I describe espial and experiment that I did in the time of my practise, in the theoretical part. I was interested if children are already empathic in the preschool age. I offer demonstration of two thematic complexes that I realized during my practise at preschool.
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Key sources of prosocial behavior - Comparison of a group of police officers with a group of Mountain Rescue Service members
FENDRICHOVÁ, Bohdana
Motivation characteristics of prosocial behavior represent a positive element of a complex labyrinth of motivation which was {--} in the former times {--} investigated within the framework of social psychology mostly with regard to its negative parts (aggressiveness, hostility, violence, social deviations etc.) On the other hand, domestic specialized publications have failed to pay a sufficient attention to the issues concerning prosocial behavior, alturism, empathy, personal predispositions and to mutual relations among these aspects. The objective of this thesis is to identify the level of empathy and certain personality factors which might influence prosocial behavior of selected groups of the Mountain Rescue Service members and Police officers. This applies to factors such as, extroversion, willingness to learn from experience of the others, towardness and conscientiousness. Majority of experts share an opinion that prosocial behavior represents a fundamental prerequisite for performance of professions aimed at helping to the others. I believe that the work of both Mountain Rescue Service members as well as of the Police officers can be rightfully considered as such. Necessary data collection was carried out using two different psychodiagnostic questionnaires. The first one - the IRI questionnaire {--} was used to define the empathy level while the second one {--} the NEO-FFI questionnaire - was used to measure five personality traits The examined group consisted of the officers from the Czech Police Criminal Investigation Department of Karlovy Vary and of the rescue workers of the Jeseníky and Krušné hory Mountain Rescue Service. The fundamental hypothesis of this work is that if compared with the police officers, the Mountain Rescue Service members show higher level of empathy, towardness and extroversion, i.e. the traits which to the higher extent correlate with prosocial behavior. From the results obtained we can derive that if compared between the examined groups, the empathy level and the personality profiles, resulting from the five-factor model (so called {\clqq}Big Five``), do not differ from each other too much since the measured values do not show any significant differences. If compared with the regular population, both sub-groups have shown higher level of conscientiousness and lower level of neuroticity and willingness to learn from the others` experience. We can not generalize the results of this research due to an insufficient size of the experimental group. However, despite of this fact, these results could become a partial step to enhance awareness in this field. According to my opinion, the objective of this thesis was duly accomplished.
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For- social behaviour of nurses
KOCMICHOVÁ, Kateřina
This work is focusing on questions of for-social behavior and altruism of nurses. For-social behavior is an important social phenomenon, such an antipole of non-provoked agresivity and probably of all other bad behavior (asocial, antisocial) . It is such behavior that keeps social bindings and that makes us closer one another. For-social behavior is characterized by acts done in favor of others without expectation of reward (financial, material) or social approval. In the first part of the diploma paper, there is outlined question of for-social behavior at theoretical level. Here is defined the term of for-social behavior, altruism, empathy with effort to answer the question why we help others, under what conditions, circumstances and to whom. The intention of this work consists in exploration-description of for-social behavior of nurses. The work deals with scale of empathy, altruism and affiliation of nurses in comparison with women non-working in helping professions. Furthermore, there is investigated the ability of nurses to cope with stress and that is measured by means of optimism scale. I did four hypotheses, all of which proved to be right. I used a method of questionnaire in terms of quantified research. Each hypothesis was based on its own separate questionnaire in question form. It was 200 question forms in total, 100 forms for nurses and the same for women non-working in helping professions as a control group. 174 filled forms were given back. The basic group was formed by 88 nurses and the control group by 86 non-nurses. The outcome of questionnaire research is that nurses show higher measure of empathy, altruism and affiliation than women non-working in helping professions. The nurses were also proved to be less adaptable to stress than non-nurses.
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Professional image of a nurse
BENDULOVÁ, Adriana
The word image is of Latin origin and means `` appearance, reflection, impression or overall impact on the people around or complex of attitudes, ideas, and opinions of a particular person. Diploma thesis with the topic of Professional image of a nurse is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part deals with the history and famous people in nursing, with the concept of a nurse and her image, with the competence of a nurse, a nurse and a team attitude, and a lifelong education of nurses. It also mentions dangers in the profession of a nurse and the methods of relaxing. The practical part deals with the evaluation of professional image of a nurse from the point of view of managers. Therefore a qualitative research by a method of enquiring was chosen, and the method of structured dialogue with open questions was used. A managerial audit was carried out to verify results obtained from the dialogues. The research set for the first part of the research carried out by the method of a dialogue was formed by three sisters and six head nurses. The research set for the second part of the research representing the managerial audit was formed by ninety nurses in nine wards of the hospital in Písek. The results are laid out in tables and charts. The aim of the thesis was to map professional image of nurses in the following areas: technical knowledge, practical skills, communication, mental stability, visual aspect of a nurse and team work. On the basis of the aims research questions were determined. Research questions were answered, aims were fulfilled. On the basis of the research results the following conclusion was drawn: Nurses behave professionally. The work can serve as a study material for lectures or as a source of information for the Hospital of Písek, PLC to improve professional behaviour of nurses and to increase the quality of nursing care provided.
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