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Dopady redukce externalit na hospodaření vybrané firmy
Muchová, Sabina
The bachelor thesis deals with the impacts of reduction of externalities on the economic activity of selected company. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to the theoretical definition of concepts such as externalities, emission allowances, subsidy manifestations and emission allowances in accounting. The second part deals with the assessment of the impact of individual instruments used by the company for improving the air quality in the region, on selected indicators. Finally, the overall assessment of whether the tools actually used help to reduce the amount of emissions emitted into the air relative to the amount of production.
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Zhodnocení externalit využívání krajiny pro rekreaci
Matějková, Jana
Name: Jana Matějková Title of work: Evaluation of outdoor use of landscape for recreation The bachelor thesis on the theme of the use of landscape for recreation is divided into two main parts, both theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis I focused on concepts related to the topic and how they are perceived by different authors. I also described what externalities and differences between qualitative and quantitative research are. The practical part can be divided into three parts: preparation, field survey and written form. The sports area that I chose for my work is the Olešnice Ski Resort and has been conducting research on the impact of the site's existence on local stakeholders.
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The Family as an Externality within a Market Economy: Evidence from the Czech Republic
Sivková, Olga ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (referee) ; Hašková, Hana (referee)
The Family as an Externality within a Market Economy: Evidence from the Czech Republic The dissertation thesis deals with an issue of fertility decline in developed countries from a perspective of relationship between the family and the market economy. The family is perceived as an externality with respect to theoretical economic framework as well as to real economy of the Czech Republic in the period of economic transition. In other words, neither theory nor applied policy fully reflects contribution of the family for the whole society. The thesis goes into the family specification from distinct standpoints, its development within time, relationship to economy and briefly introduces economic approaches to the family at both micro and macro level. In addition, the thesis carries out analyses of Czech data in the period 1989-2010. While the macro analysis is focused on interaction between fertility and economy performance, the micro analysis is devoted to financial support provided by state to the family via the social scheme and the tax system. Keywords: the family, fertility, economy, the Czech Republic, the social scheme, the tax system
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Coal-fired power plants: cheap electricity vs. clean environment
Krydl, Ondřej ; Loužek, Marek (advisor) ; Kozák, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the importance of coal-fired power plants on the market of electric energy, with emphasis on aspects that fundamentally affect their production. Coal-fired power plants belongs nowadays among socially unpopular source of electricity. In recent decades intensively growing interest groups that support state intervention and regulation of the energy sector. This is essentially a massive promotion of renewable energy sources at the expense of fossil fuel plants. Analysis of individual power sources shows that despite the current restrictive measures imposed on power plants burning fossil fuels, and especially coal-fired power plants, electricity produced from coal resources is still competitive, despite some drawbacks has many positive qualities. Coal-fired power plants produce higher amounts of greenhouse gases and other pollutants than other types of power plants. On the other hand, they are able to provide a stable supply of electricity to transmission network, and thus partially offset the high volatility of electricity supply from renewable energy sources. The price of electricity from coal-fired power plants could be considered as relatively low in comparison with other energy sources. The analysis shows that in terms of practical economic policy is not economically justified to reduce the proportion of coal-fired power plants in the total production of electricity.
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Estimating the impact of the 2012 liquor prohibition on crime
Krejsa, Jiří ; Dušek, Libor (advisor) ; van Koten, Silvester (referee)
This thesis focuses on capturing causal link between alcohol consumption and one of its externalities, crime. The quasi-natural experiment of the Czech temporary ban on hard liquor following an outbreak of methanol poisonings in September 2012 provides a valuable setting for evaluation of the alcohol-crime relationship. Over the course of the prohibition, violent crime rates fell by approximately 10 %, just like the aggregate of aggravated assault, criminal threatening, vandalism and property damage. In addition, the biggest share of reduction in crime falls on weekend criminality. The number of offenders under the influence of alcohol dropped by approximately 18 % for traffic-related offences and by 28 % in non-traffic offenses. The possibility of the reduction in crime being caused by lower detection capabilities of the law enforcement was examined. The reduction in reported cases of e.g. driving under the influence might be to a large extend explained by lower detection, but it could have reduced only rates of victimless crimes. Finally, the property crime rate was not significantly affected by the intervention, except for burglaries into bars and restaurants.
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Cost-benefit analysis – Moral in economy
Černohouz, Daniel ; Brabec, Jan (advisor) ; Sálus, Jiří (referee)
The subject of the bachelor thesis is cost benefit analysis and its ethical origin. Theoretical part presents ethical and philosophical movement of utilitarianism together with its main representatives. After that the bachelor thesis is dedicated to cost benefit analysis, whose basis is closely connected to utilitarianism logic and its way of value perception. Theoretical part is also devoted to the methodology of this particular decision-making instrument, which is widely used by governments and corporations. Practical part is focused on the relations between utilitarian way of thinking and the cost benefit analysis, which was used in existing practical studies devoted to the impact of smoking on the public finance of the Czech Republic.
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Fiscal externalities
Michalcová, Gabriela ; Sedmihradská, Lucie (advisor) ; Pšurná, Pavla (referee)
Fiscal externalities bring benefits or costs to more units of public governments and they are caused by the activity of just one of them. Externalities are generally described in the first part of the thesis as well as the fiscal and tax externalities. The theoretical part of the thesis deals also with tax exporting and the tax competition. The end of this part is comprised by the relation among the municipalities, fiscal externalities and the property tax. The second part of the thesis is more analytical and includes own research using data primarily collected then the analysis and finally evaluation are made. The final chapter of the thesis is more focused on the individual tax bases of the property tax and possible tax exporting relating to these tax bases. This chapter also includes the foreign studies where the issue of tax exporting is discussed.
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Environmentally-Oriented Subsidy Programs in Czech Republic, with Example of Development and Support in Beekeeping
Zíková, Petra ; Hadrabová, Alena (advisor) ; Remtová, Květa (referee)
This thesis deals wiht the subsidies as a tool for solving positive externalities in the environmental field. The theoretical part explains the principle of externalities, and offers three variants of their solution - a system of taxes and subsidies, according to A.C. Pigou, the negotiation of compensation, according to R. Coase, and connected property. From these theoretical concepts are in reality to solve positive externalities mainly used subsidies. Selected subsidies programs for environmental protection are subject to the following analysis. Classic example of positive externality is considered pollination activity of bees. Therefore, the second half of thesis describes how this agricultural sector, beekeeping, depends on subsidies. This thesis proposes another solutions to develop and streamline the sector without the use of subsidies.
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Are the bees a Coasean lighthouse?
Hořánková, Kristýna ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Bolcha, Peter (referee)
The aim of this paper is to interpret the economical importance of keeping bees and to describe the externality they provide, as well as the externality formed by farmers. The issue will be introduced by outlining the solution to the reciprocal externality with the assistance of governmental intervention justified by A. C. Pigou and J. E. Meade. Secondly, It will be proved that Coase's Lighthouse Theory is the equivalent of Cheung's bees and that it is possible to remove the externality they create by the mechanism of the market. Furthermore, we will compare the development of governmental interventions in the Czech Republic and the US and prove -- by the pattern Muth and col. - the subsidies adversely affect the efficient elimination of the externalities struggled by the market. In the end, we will characterize pollination services in terms of the Czech market. The US market is much more extensive than the Czech market, but the latter seems to have the potential to remove the externality even in this particular situation.
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Are Czech bees Coase lighthouses?
Zehnalová, Simona ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Bolcha, Peter (referee)
Positive externalities which bees bring to society are undoubtable. What can we polemize about is the question how should be beekeeping assured. In Bohemia bees are protected by the state and given preference for centuries. Despite we cannot say that we would face over reproduction and apicultural boom. Are state intervention suggested by A.C. Pigou (1920) way to increase bee quantity? How much effective is the level of dotation and its redistribution at the present time? In the world we can observe states where propose market environment of S.N.S. Cheung (1973) is in operation and confirms the theory of Coase's lighthouses (1974) applicated to bee branch. Compared to bees are scare commodities in the Czech market. My work will deal with the above mentioned questions and comparison of present development in apiculture in the Czech Republic and in the world together with effectivity evaluation of Czech protectionism.
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