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Old Czech Electronic Dictionary
Voleková, Kateřina
The paper presents the Electronic Old Czech Dictionary, which has been created in the Institute of the Czech Language of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., and is available on the webside Vokabulář webový. The purpose of this dictionary is to provide both scientific and non-professional public with the information about the Old Czech vocabulary.
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Bílej kůň, žlutej drak and the discourse of authorship
Jílková, Lucie
This article is devoted to the analysis of media texts (a total of 15 texts published between September 1 and December 12, 2009) which reflect the Knižní klub [Book Club] publisher’s awarding of its annual literary prize to Lan Pham Thi, at the time alleged to be a young Vietnamese author, for the novel Bílej kůň, žlutej drak [White Horse, Yellow Dragon], as well as texts which concern the revealing of the book’s real author – Jan Cempírek. The aim of the analysis, which is based methodologically on the concept of dialogical networks, is to gain an answer to the following research questions: 1. How do the media characterize Lan Pham Thi? 2. How do the media characterize Jan Cempírek? 3. What is the role of Jan Cempírek in the formation of the dialogical network? The analysis reveals that the authors of the selected texts considered it necessary to categorize Lan Pham Thi according to her ethnicity, many of them doing so repeatedly over the course of a single text. Jan Cempírek, the actual author of the book, tended not to be categorized in an ethnic sense – rather, the authors of the texts orient toward his non-ethnic characteristics, above all the city of his origin. Jan Cempírek plays an essential role in the formation of the dialogical network under study. He is the author of the book, which is the first turn in this dialogue, he wrote the two key sentences Jsem Češka. Jsem Vietnamka. [I am Czech. I am Vietnamese], which were reproduced repeatedly in the texts, and he also closed the network by admitting to his true identity.
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Semantic diatheses in Czech and other Slavonic languages
Skwarska, Karolína
In the presented paper different types of so called semantic diatheses in Czech, Russian and Polish are examined. Diathesis is understood as a relation between two constructions of the same situational content and one verb lexeme, which are syntactically structured in different ways. The comparative approach is emphasized – the differences among languages are studied on surface and deep layers. We analyze certain semantic groups of verbs and their ability to function as a basic member of specific diatheses. Very complicated relations are demonstrated on lexemes léčit, prořezat and its Polish and Russian counterparts.
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The new expressive words (based on Czech and Bulgarian language of press)
Nisheva, Bozhana
The paper focuses on new expressive nouns of the masculine grammatical gender used in the language of Czech and Bulgarian press over the last twenty years. Based on synchronic contrastive analysis, it deals with the most frequent word-formation models of Czech and Bulgarian expressive words. Attention is also paid to word-formation ways, models and means used at the formation of new expressive neologisms. The expressivity of neologisms is conceived of as a result of word-formation means combinations with different genetic and communication-style features, thus modifications of literary and non-literary word-formation formants are concerned as well as the exercitation of native and taken over (international) word-formation elements within a single word. In the paper, the expressivity of new words is discussed as an indivisible part of their word-formation meaning and, in compliance with the theory of J. Zima, it is termed as inherent expressivity.
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Characteristics of consonantal combinations in Czech
Bičan, Aleš
The contribution deals with structural characteristics of consonantal combinations in Modern Standard Czech. The combinations are analyzed from the point of view of place and manner of articulation of the individual consonants, from the point of view of their reducibility and resolvability and other criteria. The analysis has included 431 initial and 101 final combinations.
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On the origin of two Czech textile production terms
Villnow Komárková, Jana
The topic of this paper is the etymological interpretation of two Czech dialectal names for the parts of weaving loom slupka and šmejholec. The origin of these words can only be explained by using the etymological method „Wörter und Sachen“, which insists on the knowledge of the technical and the functional aspect of things.
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Etymology and semantics
Karlíková, Helena
The contribution focuses on some problems an etymologist faces when reconstructing the original meaning of a given etymon. It shows what kind of difficulties one must deal with in description of the semantic development within the frame of one language (in its various historical phases) as well as within the whole lexical family. In such reconstruction one of the important factors is the application of the principle of comparison, i.e. the search for semantic parallels, analogical semantic processes.
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The etymology of some Czech national names for food
Valčáková, Pavla
The paper draws attention to dialectical names of some national dishes (brána, hnízdidlo), nowadays unknown. Motivation of other names (coudrle vlasatá, čečerák, baloun, rumpelák, cirátek) testifies to the imagination and ingeniousness of our forefathers. The majority of the mentioned names are missing in the Czech etymological dictionaries.
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