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The Czech Onomastic School 36 years later
Harvalík, Milan
Ivan Lutterer, a prominent Czech onomastician, published in 1975 in the Czech onomastic journal Zpravodaj Místopisné komise ČSAV the article Česká onomastická škola (The Czech Onomastic School). This paper deals with the development of the Czech onomastic school in last few decades, mensions its theoretical and methodological principles and focuses on the main trends of contemporary Czech onomastic research and its results.
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Word-formation specificities of Bohemian minor place-names
Štěpán, Pavel
The article, based on the theory of parasystemic word-formation, summarises some results of the research on the word-formation aspect of the names of unsettled geographic objects in Bohemia. The examples of parasystemic word-formation analysed in the paper include both suffixation and composition. The analysed suffixes are devided into three groups: (1) suffixes not occurring in common nouns, (2) suffixes whose function in toponyms is different from their usual function(s) in common nouns, (3) suffixes used exclusively for the formation of expressive nouns in the common-noun sphere. The shorter section dedicated to composition concentrates on one special type of compound adjectives which is typical of the proper-noun sphere of the Czech language.
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Old Czech Translation of the Collection of Judgments from Brno and Jihlava
Jamborová, Martina
The article aims to bring into remembrance an Old Czech legal text, as its use in the codifying collections of the Municipal Law is not sufficiently emphasized. The document in question is a Czech translation of Collection of Judgments from Brno and Jihlava (1468), author of the translation is considered to be Vít Tasovský from Lipoltice. The text of this legal manuscript offers a very rich linguistic material. Corrections, supplied facts, lexical corrections, interpretations of individual words and their combinations, translations of German and Latin terms, and orthographic changes were also inserted to the Collection. The manuscript provides valuable information on the development of the language of the Czech legal texts in the 2nd half of the 15th century. The importance of the manuscript is amplified by the fact that it became a source of the Book of Municipal Law by M. Brikcí from Ličsko issued in the year 1536 and also of Municipal Law by Kristián Koldín dated 1579.
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The Old Czech translation of Nicolaus de Dresda´s Tabulae
Homolková, Milada
The Old-Czech translation of Nicolaus de Dresda’s work Tabulae veteris et novi coloris or Cortina de Anticristo from 1412 has been preserved in two illustrated documents (the Göttingen manuscript, around 1465; the Jena Codex, turn of 15th and 16th centuries) and has thus far not been examined from the philological perspective. The article first outlines the content and composition of the text. It then observes the relationship of this text to all the four versions of the Old-Czech translation of the Bible using the example of five quotations from the Bible.
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Morphology of onyms: the past vs. today
Šimandl, Josef
This paper discovers core and limits of investigating grammatical properties of onyms, using electronical texts, corpora in particular. Section 1 reminds older treatments. Two central sections – 2: on pluralia-tantum toponyms in -y; 3: on names like Kabáti ‘members of the Kabát group’, apart from other meanings – introduce two groups of today’s problems: from one side, an unexspectably broad variation is attested; from the other side, new ways of grammatical forming emerge from the border between standard and non-standard, namely by chrematonyms, where the mere evidence of their repertory is a hard task. Section 4 enumerates the possibilities of a grammatical description.
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Old Czech Electronic Dictionary
Voleková, Kateřina
The paper presents the Electronic Old Czech Dictionary, which has been created in the Institute of the Czech Language of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., and is available on the webside Vokabulář webový. The purpose of this dictionary is to provide both scientific and non-professional public with the information about the Old Czech vocabulary.
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Bílej kůň, žlutej drak and the discourse of authorship
Jílková, Lucie
This article is devoted to the analysis of media texts (a total of 15 texts published between September 1 and December 12, 2009) which reflect the Knižní klub [Book Club] publisher’s awarding of its annual literary prize to Lan Pham Thi, at the time alleged to be a young Vietnamese author, for the novel Bílej kůň, žlutej drak [White Horse, Yellow Dragon], as well as texts which concern the revealing of the book’s real author – Jan Cempírek. The aim of the analysis, which is based methodologically on the concept of dialogical networks, is to gain an answer to the following research questions: 1. How do the media characterize Lan Pham Thi? 2. How do the media characterize Jan Cempírek? 3. What is the role of Jan Cempírek in the formation of the dialogical network? The analysis reveals that the authors of the selected texts considered it necessary to categorize Lan Pham Thi according to her ethnicity, many of them doing so repeatedly over the course of a single text. Jan Cempírek, the actual author of the book, tended not to be categorized in an ethnic sense – rather, the authors of the texts orient toward his non-ethnic characteristics, above all the city of his origin. Jan Cempírek plays an essential role in the formation of the dialogical network under study. He is the author of the book, which is the first turn in this dialogue, he wrote the two key sentences Jsem Češka. Jsem Vietnamka. [I am Czech. I am Vietnamese], which were reproduced repeatedly in the texts, and he also closed the network by admitting to his true identity.
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Semantic diatheses in Czech and other Slavonic languages
Skwarska, Karolína
In the presented paper different types of so called semantic diatheses in Czech, Russian and Polish are examined. Diathesis is understood as a relation between two constructions of the same situational content and one verb lexeme, which are syntactically structured in different ways. The comparative approach is emphasized – the differences among languages are studied on surface and deep layers. We analyze certain semantic groups of verbs and their ability to function as a basic member of specific diatheses. Very complicated relations are demonstrated on lexemes léčit, prořezat and its Polish and Russian counterparts.
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The new expressive words (based on Czech and Bulgarian language of press)
Nisheva, Bozhana
The paper focuses on new expressive nouns of the masculine grammatical gender used in the language of Czech and Bulgarian press over the last twenty years. Based on synchronic contrastive analysis, it deals with the most frequent word-formation models of Czech and Bulgarian expressive words. Attention is also paid to word-formation ways, models and means used at the formation of new expressive neologisms. The expressivity of neologisms is conceived of as a result of word-formation means combinations with different genetic and communication-style features, thus modifications of literary and non-literary word-formation formants are concerned as well as the exercitation of native and taken over (international) word-formation elements within a single word. In the paper, the expressivity of new words is discussed as an indivisible part of their word-formation meaning and, in compliance with the theory of J. Zima, it is termed as inherent expressivity.
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