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Detection of Micrometastases in the Hilar and Mediastinal Lymph Nodes at the Primary and Secondary Lung Tumors Using OSNA and Immunohistochemistry Metods.
Vejvodová, Šárka ; Vodička, Josef (advisor) ; Čapov, Ivan (referee) ; Schützner, Jan (referee)
Introduction: Current guidelines for treatment of lung cancer and lung metastases are based on morphology of the tumor and clinical stage of the disease. Correct determination of disease stage allows us to choose the optimal treatment therefore it is mandatory to determine the TNM classification as accurately as possible. State of lymphatic nodes together with the size of the primary tumor and the number of the metastases determine the adjuvant oncological therapy. According to guidelines, standard oncological treatment of pulmonary cancer, consist in radical removal of tumor tissue and in systematic nodal dissection, or more precisely in the specific lobar lymphadenectomy in indicated cases. The removed nodes are subjected to standard histopathological evaluation, which is able to reliably identify macrometastases, although micrometastases may not always be detected. There may be a situation, when lymph nodes are not found to be affected by cancer dissemination during the common histopathological evaluation, but may still contain micrometastases. Since carcinomas are tumors of epithelial origin, their essential proteins of intermediate cytoskeleton are the cytokeratins (CK). This fact can be used to detect micrometastases in regional lymph nodes. Since unaffected lymph nodes are formed by...
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Methodology of French phonetics applied in Czech contemporary education
Vejvodová, Šárka ; Jančík, Jiří (referee) ; Klinka, Tomáš (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the frame of methodology of French phonetics applied in Czech contemporary education for French as a second language. On the one hand, the thesis leans on the analysis of data issued from a research work at two Czech grammar schools and on the analysis of questionnaires filled in by French native speakers (or foreigners learning French); on the other hand, it draws from scientific publications based on various corrective methods and current didactic topics. Its goal is to motivate teachers-to-be to develop their diagnostic competences and to support their self-education in that area. The thesis includes also an outline of important phonetic features that a teacher should keep in mind when teaching correct pronunciation. Finally, several activities based on French vowel are suggested to illustrate the theory concerned.
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Combined ESAM and DORT method in nonlinear ultrasonic spectroscopy
Vejvodová, Šárka ; Převorovský, Zdeněk ; Dos Santos, S.
Combination of ESAM (Excitation Symmetry Analysis Method) and DORT (Décomposition de l’Opérateur du Retournement Temporel) provides a powerful tool for detection and localization of defects by analysis of their nonlinear signature. Piezoelectric transducers are used for both excitation and data acquisition. Transmitters consequently emit the excitation signals and corresponding responses are measured by the array of receivers. The amplitude of excitation signals is variable as to separate the nonlinear parts of the measured signal. ESAM signal pre-processing is used for nonlinear parts extraction. Separated signal records form linear and nonlinear multistatic data matrices. DORT method is applied on data matrices to separate echoes of defects in the tested medium. Obtained data are used for evaluation of nonlinear parameters corresponding to separated defects and also for their localization. The procedure is completed by visualization of nonlinear signatures of detected defects.
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Nonlinear elastic wave spectroscopy in symbiosis with time reversal for localization of defects: TR-NEWS
Dos Santos, S. ; Vejvodová, Šárka ; Převorovský, Zdeněk
Using the symmetry invariance and reciprocity the classical NEWS methods are supplemented and improved by practically elaborated TR-NEWS procedure having the intrinsic property of enlarging frequency analysis bandwidth. Coded excitations have been generalized using Symmetry Analysis ESAM (Excitation Symmetry Analysis Method), including also the chirp-coded excitation, which improves the signal to noise ratio and enables harmonic imaging of complex specimen. In this paper, we propose a new NDT application of the above approaches implemented on a composite specimen with adhesive joints. The calibrated chirp-coded TR-NEWS imaging of the sample is obtained by using the symmetrical excitations, and pre- and post- signal processing. Localization of the scatterer is illustrated on 2D plot.
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