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Glucose effect on lipid metabolism homestasis in pancreatic β-cells
Stokičová, Linda ; Holendová, Blanka (advisor) ; Horáková, Olga (referee)
Lipids create an essential part of pancreatic β-cells. Not only they are the principal structural components and energy source, but they also play an indispensable role in β-cell physiology. Their metabolism is tightly interconnected with the metabolism of glucose, the fundamental β-cell molecule. The presence of lipids is critical for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and their turnover is inevitable for correct β-cell function. Lipids in the form of triacylglycerols, retinyl esters and cholesterol esters are stored in lipid droplets. These dynamic cellular structures are important for lipid metabolism and the protection of the cells against various types of stress. However, chronic exposure of β-cells to glucose and lipids can lead to disrupted glycerol/non-esterified fatty acid (GL/NEFA) cycle function, glucolipotoxicity and further dysfunction of β-cells, their dedifferentiation, insulin resistance, and finally type 2 diabetes. The experimental part focused on lipid metabolism in pancreatic β-cells in connection with glucose metabolism and redox environment. Glucose-induced expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism (fatty acid activation, lipolysis, lipogenesis, etc.) and the effect of modulated redox environment was investigated in β-cell line INS1E and isolated mouse pancreatic...
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Biological age prediction using DNA analysis
Stokičová, Linda ; Vaněk, Daniel (advisor) ; Tomášek, Petr (referee)
Eye colour, hair colour and biogeographical origin can be predicted based on DNA analysis. This is used in forensic genetics when an unknown perpetrator leaves a biological material on a crime scene. Prediction of biological age is the subject of further research. Nowadays, there is no standardised model, which can be used for accurate prediction. The best option for biological age prediction is DNA methylation - stable epigenetic modification. Many markers have been evaluated. Methylation of these markers correlates with biological age positively or negatively. Methylation has tissue specificity, so one model cannot be applied on all types of tissues. Model for biological age prediction can be applied during investiganting of a criminal activity, when the identity of a person commiting a crime is unknown. Key words: methylation, chronological age, biological age, DNA analysis, forensic genetics
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