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Neurobiology of food addiction
Cíbiková, Sofia Anna ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Petríková, Ivana (referee)
This work deals with food addiction, mainly its neurobiological basis. The fact that highly processed food high in calories can have effects similar to those of addictive substances has been known for decades, however with the rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity in the last few years, there is more and more research being done in this area. Food addiction very often correlates with obesity and eating disorders, such as binge eating disorder, and naturally has a negative impact on the health of an increasing number of people. Excessive consumption of highly caloric foods causes changes in the neural pathways in the brain, especially those connected to dopamine and the reward system which, similarly to substance use disorders, leads to addiction, which manifests itself in loss of control over the consumption, developed tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Stress together with various mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety are often factors contributing to the development of addiction. Understanding the similarities between food addiction and substance use disorders can be beneficial for finding an appropriate treatment. Cognitive intervention and therapeutic methods seem to be the most effective, on the other hand strict diets and efforts to make major lifestyle changes often bring...
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Determination of critical developmental periods for effects of methamphetamine on rat behavior in adulthood
Petríková, Ivana
Aim: The aim of the Ph.D. thesis was to find out which of the neuro-ontogenetic stages of laboratory rat is more significant for the methamphetamine (MA) exposure on the behavior in adulthood and to determine a critical developmental period for the effects of this drug. In the experimental part of the study was to test the influence of prenatal and neonatal MA exposure on behavior, social interaction, cognition and drug-seeking behavior in adulthood. Methods: Adult female rats were exposed to MA (5 mg/ml/kg) or saline (S) (1 mg/kg) during different stages of gestation and lactation. The tested substances were administered subcutaneously during the first half of gestation (ED 1-11), the second half of gestation (ED 12-22) or during early lactation (PD 1-11). The effect of prenatal MA exposure was transmitted to pups via placental barrier; the effect of MA exposure during early lactation was transmitted via the breast milk. In order to compare the rate of drug transmission by indirect MA exposure via the breast milk, we chose another group of offspring that we administered the tested substances directly subcutaneously during the same application period (PD 1-11). In this way we obtained 8 groups of exposed pups: ED 1-11 MA, S; ED 12-22 MA, S; PD 1-11 indirectly MA, S; PD 1-11 directly MA, S. These...
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The role of iconicity in the comprehension of temporal adverbial clauses: preparation of an aphasia research protocol
Petříková, Izabela ; Láznička, Michal (advisor) ; Jehlička, Jakub (referee)
This work is devoted to the preparation of an experiment that will examine the effect of iconicity on the understanding of subordinate temporal clauses with expressions předtím než and potom co in Czech for people with aphasia. The premise is that, as with children, iconic expressions will be easier for speakers with aphasia for cognitive processing than non-iconic ones. In order to properly prepare the experiment, it is first necessary to test it with neurotypical speakers of Czech. It is expected that the understanding of subordinate temporal clauses with given expressions will not be particularly affected by the iconic or non-iconic word order, and their answers to questions about stimulus sentences in the experiment will generally be correct. There were a total of 55 respondents. 10 of them were excluded because they either had difficulty reading or their mother tongue was not Czech. Part of the experiment was also the evaluation of the naturalness of sentence items. Each of the respondents responded to a total of 36 items, for which 1 of 4 conditions was randomly generated (AI, AF, BI, BF). From each condition, each respondent was assigned exactly 9 items. Based on the evaluation of the naturalness of individual items and their conditions, 8 items were excluded from the experiment, which will...
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Determination of critical developmental periods for effects of methamphetamine on rat behavior in adulthood
Petríková, Ivana
Aim: The aim of the Ph.D. thesis was to find out which of the neuro-ontogenetic stages of laboratory rat is more significant for the methamphetamine (MA) exposure on the behavior in adulthood and to determine a critical developmental period for the effects of this drug. In the experimental part of the study was to test the influence of prenatal and neonatal MA exposure on behavior, social interaction, cognition and drug-seeking behavior in adulthood. Methods: Adult female rats were exposed to MA (5 mg/ml/kg) or saline (S) (1 mg/kg) during different stages of gestation and lactation. The tested substances were administered subcutaneously during the first half of gestation (ED 1-11), the second half of gestation (ED 12-22) or during early lactation (PD 1-11). The effect of prenatal MA exposure was transmitted to pups via placental barrier; the effect of MA exposure during early lactation was transmitted via the breast milk. In order to compare the rate of drug transmission by indirect MA exposure via the breast milk, we chose another group of offspring that we administered the tested substances directly subcutaneously during the same application period (PD 1-11). In this way we obtained 8 groups of exposed pups: ED 1-11 MA, S; ED 12-22 MA, S; PD 1-11 indirectly MA, S; PD 1-11 directly MA, S. These...
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