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Posouzení vhodnosti převodu porostů na les trvale tvořivý a posouzení dopadů klimatické změny na LHC Posudov
Pellarová, Magdalena
The diploma thesis deals with methods of assessing the impact of climate change on forest management and methods of assessing the suitability of conversion to continuous cover forest. The basic methods for assessing the impact of climate change on forests are global circulation models and the Random forests classifier. The Forest property Posudov assessed the resistance of stand parts to the effects of climate change and subsequently recommended adaptation measures to climate change towards a continuous cover forest. The Forest property Posudov consists of two forest complexes with a total area of 240 ha. Both units, Blatenský les and Kaliště, are located in the Natural forest region 13 – Bohemian Forest, in the cadastral area of Frymburk in the south of the Lipno Reservoir. Due to its location, the forest unit belongs to the 6th forest vegetation belt and the cold climate zone CH7. The forest stands of Posudov consist of 90 % of spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), 5% of fir tree (Abies alba Mill.), 3.5% of pine tree (Pinus sylvestris L.) and the remaining 1.5% are occupied by beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Management set of stands 53 – acidic habitats of higher altitudes (85%) is the predominant management set of stands on the Forest property. Acid spruce-beech forests (80%) account for the largest share of forest site type group. A simple methodology was proposed to assess the resistance of individual stand parts to climate change on the Forest property Posudov. The stand parts were evaluated by five criteria (species composition, mixture type, age structure, age diversity and external resistance). Based on these criteria, it was found out that the majority of stand parts of the Forest property Posudov consisted of a system of mixing of stand types C and less and of DP and DZ. Most of the stand parts were characterized by simple mixture type or without mixture. The prevailing young forest stands up to 40 years of age over medium-aged stand parts aged 40–80 years show a significant age imbalance of stands on forest property. Almost all stand parts consisted of the same age stands. The external resistance of the stand parts was assessed as minimal due to the position of forest property within the complex of surrounding forests and orientation mainly in the north direction. These criteria were evaluated cumulatively and the stand parts were evaluated according to the score achieved by low, medium or high degree of resistance and resilience to climate change. Most stand parts were rated medium (58%), less high (28%) and least low-grade (14%). For each of the degrees of resistance and resilience to climate change, a framework direction on the conversion of continuous cover forest has been proposed. In the case of low-ranking forest parts, a conversion to a continuous cover forest was proposed only after cultivation of current stands. A short rotation has been proposed with an emphasis on the early and high-quality regeneration of these stands. The main management goal in these stand parts was to maintain the current stability of the stands. A medium-long rotation period with a management goal of quantity, improving stands stability and a rich stands structure with a longer regeneration period has been proposed for medium-sized stands. The longest rotation period has been proposed in the stand parts of high grades and an immediate transition to fine forms of farming with a very long regeneration period is expected. The main management goals in these forest parts should be the quality, quantity, stability and rich structure of the stands.
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Vliv převodu lesního tvaru na společenstva saproxylických brouků (Coleoptera) na Hádecké planince (Drahanská vrchovina) pět let po provedení zásahu
Pellarová, Magdalena
In the framework of the bachelor thesis the intervention on Hádecká planinka was studied. In this research the influence of reduction of the canopy closure and the vertical position of the trap on the studied bioindication group was studied. The beetles were studied by the window trap, which was installed in growth of varying intensity and in the control area where no intervention was made. The relationship of species data and monitored variables was evaluated by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Altogether were trapped 1170 individuals and 129 species. The most numerous were the families Salpingidae, Curculionidae and Monotomidae. The most numerous were the species Salpingus planirostris, Rhizophagus bipustulatus and Litargus connexus (all with more than 80 individuals). In total 30 species is classified in red list of threatended species of invertebrates of Czech Republic, most threatened species belong to category „endangered“: Isorphis marmottani, Nalanda fulgidicolis, Mycetophagus ater, Pedostrangalia reversita, Synchyta undata and Synchyta variegata. On the basis of the data evaluation it can be stated, that saproxylic beetles are demonstrably influenced by the canopy closure and the vertical position of the trap. Most species tend to occur in areas with lower canopy closure. However, in the case of testing the impact on the level of the particular species, abundance of 10 species increases with the canopy closure, in contrary only abundance of 5 species decreases with the increasing canopy closure. It was also found that in the case of 7 species the abundance increases with height, and in the case of 8 species the abundance decreases with the height.
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