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The Impiety in Classical Athens
Novotný, Matěj ; Souček, Jan (advisor) ; Bednaříková, Jarmila (referee) ; Kysučan, Lubor (referee)
Matěj Novotný - Impiety in Classical Athens Abstract The thesis discusses the definition and prosecution of impiety in democratic Athens during the Classical period, i.e. in 5th-4th centuries BCE. The question of "impiety" in the narrower sense, i.e. of what was denoted by the Greek word ἀσέβεια (literally, "the absence/negation of respect"), is set into larger context of other crimes of religious character, covered by special laws: "sacrilege" (ἱεροσυλία), digging out sacred olive-trees, offences against festivals and other delicts which were not subsumed under any more general term in the laws, pragmatically formulated as they were. The dissertation builds on the work of the researchers who show considerable scepticism towards the reliability of later sources, for example Plutarch or Diogenes Laertius - this is connected with doubts concerning processes against philosophers before Socrates. At the same time, the thesis follows the scholars who doubt the authenticity of the documents inserted in the speeches of the Attic Orators. For these reasons, a considerable part of the thesis is devoted to the rebuttal of late reports and inserted documents. A particular attention is given to the Decree of Diopeithes, which is mentioned in Plutarch's Life of Pericles and is usually interpreted as criminalising...
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The role of anthropology in the development discourse
Adamčíková, Jitka ; Uherek, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kysučan, Lubor (referee) ; Nováček, Pavel (referee)
This thesis assesses the role of the subject of anthropology in the international development discourse. The author, herself an anthropologist analysed the positions among anthropologists and distinguished two main positions of anthropologists versus development. Within the first epistemic community of anthropologists the anthropologists consider themselves as active participants and offer their expertise into the services of governmental, nongovernmental or international organizations demonstrating the potential of anthropological knowledge for planning, implementation and evaluation of development policy. Within the second group the position is one as an antagonistic observer, characterised by reservation and criticism of both, the ideas of development and the motives of its promoters. Hence, within the second group the radical critics perceive development as an organised system of power and practices maintaining the neo-colonial dominance of western countries over the poorer countries of the "South". The genealogy of development and progress is traced back to Evolutionism of the 19th century which influenced the key notion of modernization dividing the world population into the developed and developing ones. The differences in life quality in Africa or Western Europe are viewed as consequences of African...
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