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Regulation of VLDL production in the liver
Jirátová, Markéta ; Kovář, Jan (advisor) ; Cahová, Monika (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to summarize current knowledge about VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) assembly. In the first part of this thesis basic characteristics of lipids and lipoproteins are described. Lipids are the most favourable source of energy for animals. Lipoproteins are the macromolecular complexes that transport hydrofobic lipids in plasma. According to their density, they are classified to five groups: chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL. Second part of this thesis is focused on the apolipoproteins - structural peptide components of lipoproteins. The characteristics and functions of major apolipoprotein classes are explained with the main focus on apolipoproteins B that have an important role in VLDL assembly. The process of VLDL assembly is described in detail in the third part of the thesis. VLDL assembly consists of two steps. Pre-VLDL and lipid droplet are synthetized independently in the first step, for which apolipoprotein B-100 and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) are essential. Second step is the fusion of pre-VLDL with the lipid droplet. ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) and phospholipase D (PLD) are the essential components in the second step. Also apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein A-V and acyl-coenzym A:cholesterol acyl transferasa 2 (ACAT2) are important. VLDL...
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Metabolism of new polysacharidic nanomaterials for biomedicinal applications
Jirátová, Markéta ; Hrubý, Martin (advisor) ; Jirák, Daniel (referee)
Cancer is one of the leading cause of death in modern world, so there is an emerging demand for better diagnostic tools and more specific less toxique therapeutics. Nanoparticles offers characteristics that could fullfill such perspectives. They can easily target tumor by ehanced permeation and retention effect (EPR). Nanoparticles can combine more than one imaging properties, so we can say that they are multimodal, some of them could combine diagnostic and therapeutic molecules in one nanoparticle, which is now highly popular topic of nanoparticles for theranostics . The aim of this thesis was to characterize new multimodal glycogen-based nanoparticle. Glycogen is an ideal structure for nanoparticle design. Glycogen is part of natural dendrimers group which are easily to modify. Glycogen's size is suitable for EPR effect. We have evaluated biological characteristics of five different types of modified glycogen. The in vitro experiments were carried on HepG2 cells. We have set time curve of cellular uptake of this glycogen probes, evaluated cytoplasmatic localization and for the first time we have carried MTT assay. Biodistribution studies on CD1-Nude mice were performed by using non-invasive method for measuring in vivo fluorescence. In conlusion we've provided some of the biological characteristics of new...
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Metabolism of new polysacharidic nanomaterials for biomedicinal applications
Jirátová, Markéta ; Hrubý, Martin (advisor) ; Jirák, Daniel (referee)
Cancer is one of the leading cause of death in modern world, so there is an emerging demand for better diagnostic tools and more specific less toxique therapeutics. Nanoparticles offers characteristics that could fullfill such perspectives. They can easily target tumor by ehanced permeation and retention effect (EPR). Nanoparticles can combine more than one imaging properties, so we can say that they are multimodal, some of them could combine diagnostic and therapeutic molecules in one nanoparticle, which is now highly popular topic of nanoparticles for theranostics . The aim of this thesis was to characterize new multimodal glycogen-based nanoparticle. Glycogen is an ideal structure for nanoparticle design. Glycogen is part of natural dendrimers group which are easily to modify. Glycogen's size is suitable for EPR effect. We have evaluated biological characteristics of five different types of modified glycogen. The in vitro experiments were carried on HepG2 cells. We have set time curve of cellular uptake of this glycogen probes, evaluated cytoplasmatic localization and for the first time we have carried MTT assay. Biodistribution studies on CD1-Nude mice were performed by using non-invasive method for measuring in vivo fluorescence. In conlusion we've provided some of the biological characteristics of new...
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Regulation of VLDL production in the liver
Jirátová, Markéta ; Kovář, Jan (advisor) ; Cahová, Monika (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to summarize current knowledge about VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) assembly. In the first part of this thesis basic characteristics of lipids and lipoproteins are described. Lipids are the most favourable source of energy for animals. Lipoproteins are the macromolecular complexes that transport hydrofobic lipids in plasma. According to their density, they are classified to five groups: chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL. Second part of this thesis is focused on the apolipoproteins - structural peptide components of lipoproteins. The characteristics and functions of major apolipoprotein classes are explained with the main focus on apolipoproteins B that have an important role in VLDL assembly. The process of VLDL assembly is described in detail in the third part of the thesis. VLDL assembly consists of two steps. Pre-VLDL and lipid droplet are synthetized independently in the first step, for which apolipoprotein B-100 and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) are essential. Second step is the fusion of pre-VLDL with the lipid droplet. ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) and phospholipase D (PLD) are the essential components in the second step. Also apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein A-V and acyl-coenzym A:cholesterol acyl transferasa 2 (ACAT2) are important. VLDL...
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