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The insoluble particles in water deposited from fog at Milešovka Observatory (Czech Republic)
Bartůňková, Kristýna ; Fišák, Jaroslav ; Stoyanova, V. ; Schoumkova, A.
This study concerns insoluble chemical pollution of fog at Milešovka Observatory in the Czech Republic. In period from August 2006 till July 2007, 25 fog samples at the top of Milešovka Mountain in České Středohoří Mountains were collected by active fog water collector. Water samples were filtered. From 53 to 116 particles from every sample were chosen according to the quantity of particles found in dried filters. Altogether it was more than 2000 particles. Particles were examined with the help of Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer to distinguish sizes, shapes and composition. After analyzing the data, statistical evaluation was made. Particles were put into categories according to their shapes on spherical and not spherical. Typical particles like Al, Si, K, Fe or Ca-rich particles were determined. Focus was also to particles with rarely represented elements like Ni, Au, Pb, Cu, Zr and Ba. Groups of typical insoluble particles were collated according to meteorological conditions - synoptic situations and wind directions which prevailed in the days of fog events in order to try to find out possible sources of this fog pollution.
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The impact of rain precipitation on dust concentration in the atmosphere
Fišák, Jaroslav ; Bartůňková, Kristýna
In this contribution the impact of precipitation on the amount of dust in the air is studied. Two precipitation characteristics are used: precipitation amount and time of precipitation duration. For the determination of dust concentrations dry filtering method was used. By this method the air is being sucked in by the suction pump over the head with filter. The exposition of the filter lasted approximately one weak. The time of samples collecting was not absolutely constant. Therefore it was necessary to choose relative characteristics. Precipitation amount for daily exposition of the filter was used. Even more difficult was to characterize the time of precipitation duration. In this case percent expression of precipitation duration to the time of filter exposition was used.
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Formation of extreme rains in the Krkonoše Mts. in summer 2002 and 2006
Tesař, Miroslav ; Šír, Miloslav ; Fišák, Jaroslav
In the article, hydrological and meteorological conditions preceding two extreme rains in the Krkonoše Mts. in summer 2002 and 2006 are discussed. Both were caused by cyclones, which moved from Hungary to Poland. Meteorological conditions preceding the rains were very similar in both cases – long-lasting lack of precipitation and extraordinary high air temperatures. We analyze the role of insufficient plant transpiration in the rise of both extreme rains.
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ANALÝZA TĚŽKÝCH PRVKŮ VE VZDUCHU, MLZE A NÁMRAZE Z MILEŠOVKY A KOPIST
Stoyanova, V. ; Petrova, P. ; Fišák, Jaroslav ; Daskalova, N. ; Tsacheva, Ts. ; Marinov, M.
Aim of this study is to estimate the presence of heavy metal particles filter-collected in the air, fog and rime water from the polluted area of North Bohemia, Czech Republic. The proposed comparison of the obtained preliminary results for air born particles enriched of heavy metals with those captured in the fog and rime, combined with a comparative analysis of water-soluble and insoluble particles from the same samples (Fišák et al. 2007, 2008), could provide a basis for the most appropriate way for future analyzing of many other samples in similar routine manner.
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Soluble and insoluble pollutants in fog and rime water samples
Fišák, Jaroslav ; Stoyanova, V. ; Chaloupecký, Pavel ; Řezáčová, Daniela ; Tsacheva, Ts. ; Kupenova, T. ; Marinov, M.
Mean soluble component concentrations in the air appear higher during the rime events than during the fog events at Milesovka. We recorded larger mean particle size of insoluble compounds in fog water than in rime water samples. Some elements in insoluble particles like Ca, Cl, C, Cu, Ag were present largely in fog, and the others, like Fe, Al, Si, Ti, prevailed in rime.
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The solid depozited precipitation in the small catchments in the Czech Republic
Fišák, Jaroslav ; Tesař, Miroslav
The samples were collected in two localities differing in the industrial pollutant load. The first locality situated in the Sumava Mts. represents a relatively clean region of the Czech Republic. The second locality is situated in the Northern Bohemia. This locality is represented by the Milesovka Observatory of the IAP ASCR. The region is heavy polluted by the industrial load in this case. The one-shot sample collection in the Sumava Mts. at 28 localities was made on January 4th, 1990. There were shown: i) The ion concentrations in the rime water depend on the industrial load of the region and on the local pollutant sources; ii) The local pollutant sources play the main role in ion concentrations in rime water; iii) The ion concentrations decrease with altitude.
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Comparison of chemical composition of throughfall and deposited precipitation
Chaloupecký, Pavel ; Špičková, Jitka ; Fišák, Jaroslav ; Skřivan, Petr
Since June 2004 throughfall samples in beech and spruce vegetation have been taken at the observatory Milesovka. Ever since 1998 fog water samples have been taken there as well. In this paper are compared the concentrations of main ions and trace elements in throughfall and in deposited precipitation. The concentrations of main ions and trace elements in throughfal are primarily affected by the volume of samples. The highest concentrations of monitored sustances in throughfall were recorded in September and in October when the lowest rainfall totals were measured. The concentrations of monitored sustances were in throughfall mostly higher in spruce vegetation in comparison with beech vegetation. It is probably due to the thicker treetop in spruce vegetation on Milesovka observatory. Due to the thicker treetop a smaller volume of throughfall is let fall and the substances from ambient air are captured more effectively in comparison with beech vegetation. In the case of main ions the lowest concentrations were measured in fog water samples. For trace elements wasn´t data. From comparison with reference locality Lesni potok is obvious that concentrations of monitored sustances in throughfall on Milesovka exceed sharply concentrations in locality Lesni potok. This difference is considerably higher by spruce vegetation in comparison to beech vegetation which indicate that it is necessary take not only local air quality into account but also type of vegetation and thick of treetop which can very significantly contribute to the chemical composition of throughfall.
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Pollutant concentrtion in fog-water at Kopisty (1999 – 2004)
Fišák, Jaroslav ; Chaloupecký, Pavel ; Fottová, D.
In this contribution, results of our studies devoted to analyses of fog water samples collected at the meteorological observatory over the period of 1999 - 2004 are summarized. The study deals with the parameters: conductivity, acidity and following selected ions: NH4+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, F-, Cl-, NO3- and SO42-. Overall, the total concentration of selected ions was remarkably decreasing during the period 2000 - 2004. Specifically, we found out an increase in the cation fraction for NH4+ and Ca2+, and a decrease in the anion NO3- fraction in the mean annual sample.
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