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Avian influenza - lasting threat
Stejskalová, Veronika ; Čelko, Alexander (advisor)
Her thesis topic of bird flu, I chose to the basis of their interest in travel medicine. This year I wanted visit Southeast Asia, so I started socking information about the situation that exists in this area since 1997, when it began to threaten the bird flu pandemic. Coincidentally, the during this spring came a new threat, the danger of swine influenza, later renamed the Mexican or "new" flu. These events reinforce my belief in how it is today, when the world is much better connected than in the past, important think of the danger of a pandemic. Nowadays, when improves and accelerates air transport, should be the same rate and improve the health situation in all parts of the world. In any State must function properly pandemic plan and the country should not conceal information about the already established facts, but rather threat from the beginning to cooperate and exchange information.
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Impact of legislative changes on traffic accidents frequency in Czech Republic, 1990-2007
Buka, David ; Čelko, Alexander (advisor)
The theme of my thesis on the impact of legislative changes traffic accident rate in the CR in the period 1990-2007, I chose because of a particular socio-propletenosti legislative field rules and laws with the consequences of their existence in the form injured, permanently disabled or dead persons in the Czech roads. Their numbers reach values that are often mnohasetkrát greater than if many a seemingly dangerous grateful to the media problem. Every year comes Czech Republic of town with about a thousand inhabitants, and in most cases of working age who die on Czech roads. Tens of thousands of others must be longer or shorter time to heal consequences of these accidents. Many of them never fully recover. Certainly interesting to know whether changing laws and rules can be affect the amount of such tragedies, and of course best to lower values. From the simple premise that the mildest the consequences of the accident which happens, it is clear that direct the effort to reduce the number of accidents to prevent their formationplays. Looking back to the passed legislative changes relating to transport and for prevention programs, along with the history ofstatistics traffic accidents will give us a picture of what impact the changes should, and will give us guidance as to what further changes to implement for...
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Smoking and cancer
Slaatta, Mari ; Čelko, Alexander (advisor)
Tobacco is the most common exogenous cause of human cancers, being responsible for 90 % of human lung cancers. Cigarette smoking causes, worldwide , more than 4 million deaths annually, mostly from cardiovascular disease, various types of cancers, and chronic respiratory problems. It is expected that there will be more than 8 million tobaccorelated deaths yearly by 2020, the major increase occurring in the developing countries. It has been estimated that of the people alive today, approximately 500 million will die from tobacco-related illnesses. Smoking is probably the most preventable cause of human death. It reduces overall survival and the impact is dose dependent. Unfortunately the prevalence of smoking is increasing in young people, particularly women. (Robbins, Basic Pathology, 2006) When people think of cancers caused by smoking, the first one that comes to mind is always lung cancer. Most cases of lung cancer death, close to 90% in men, and 80% in women are caused by cigarette smoking. There are several other forms of cancer attributed to smoking as well, and they include cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, bladder, stomach, cervix, kidney and pancreas, and acute myeloid leukemia. (about.com-cancer statistics, smoking and cancer in U.S , 2005). In this thesis I will try to put my...
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Avian influenza - global challenge
Bílek, Jan ; Čelko, Alexander (advisor)
HPAI A(H5N1) is an avian disease. There is some evidence of limited human-to-human transmission of the virus. A risk factor for contracting the virus is handling of infected poultry, but transmission of the virus from infected birds to humans is inefficient. Still, around 60% of humans known to have been infected with the current Asian strain of HPAI A(H5N1) have died from it, and H5N1 may mutate or reassort into a strain capable of efficient human-to-human transmission. Due to the high lethality and virulence of HPAI A(H5N1), its endemic presence, its increasingly large host reservoir, and its significant ongoing mutations, the H5N1 virus is the world's largest current pandemic threat, and a lot of money are being spent researching H5N1 and preparing for a potential influenza pandemic. At least 12 companies and 17 governments are developing pre-pandemic influenza vaccines, if it successful, could turn a deadly pandemic infection into a nondeadly one. Full-scale production of a vaccine that could prevent illness would require at least three months after the virus's emergence to begin.
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Hormonal dependent cancers in females. Epidemiological characteristics, trends and prevention possibilities
Grislingas, Anne-Marthe ; Čelko, Alexander (advisor)
I chose the theme of my diploma thesis for two reasons. One being my newly found interest in epidemiology and evidence based medicine, the other being my commitment to the treatment and prevention of diseases primarily affecting women. My enthusiasm for evidence based medicine and epidemiology has steadily grown over the past years. As I'm approaching the end of medical school, friends and family apparently see it as their right to question the doctor-to-be about anything from local syphilis outbreaks to homeopathic lice repellent remedies. Initially not able to give satisfactory answers, I was forced to orient myself in a field I previously had not paid much attention to. To my surprise, as I familiarized myself with the basics of epidemiological terminology and principles of proper trial conduction, I got increasingly interested in the topic. I could suddenly see examples of media's manipulation with statistics that I had not been able to spot before. I now understood how drug trials could be biased by improper randomization, something I normally wouldn't have given a second thought. It changed my view on many elements of medicine and its supporting sciences. It made me more aware of how easy it is to be flawed. With this in mind, I delved into the vast amount of material to be found on my chosen topic,...
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The History and Presence of HIV/AIDS in the Context of the Current Situation
Overbo, Erlend ; Čelko, Alexander (advisor)
HIV infection in humans is considered pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is the most common cause of death worldwide, in the age group from 18 to 45 years. In this thesis, I will try to clarify the problems and possible solutions and outcomes of the fight against the HIV pandemic. I will specifically go into the origin of the epidemic, how it was introduced to the western world, the current worldwide situation, and a comparison between Scandinavian countries and neighboring countries, such as Russia, where the epidemic is escalating. I will also briefly explain the facts around the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and finally; the next step in fighting the virus and its global complications.
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Leukemias in CR - Epidemiologic Characteristics and Incidence and Mortality Trends
Hruda, Martin ; Čelko, Alexander (advisor)
This final thesis deals with four main types of leukemia (AML, ALL, CML, CLL). Their etiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostics and treatment are described in detail in the first chapter. Second chapter deals with the main purpose of this thesis, which is the description of epidemiological characteristics and incidence and mortality trends of leukemia in Czech Republic. Czech statistical data is compared with world statistics. Leukemia is malignant blood diseases, which accounts for 3% of all malignant tumors. Over the past 30 years there has been an increase in leukemia incidence and mortality in Czech Republic by approximately 50%. This is in accordance with the same development in the world. By the year 2015 we expect these values to increase further by 10%. The highest incidence of leukemia occurs in countries with high living and economic prosperity. In 1997 there was recorded a decrease in the rate of mortality increase. This is due to modern diagnostics and therapy and the possibilities of allogenic and autologous bone marrow transplantation.
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Mexican Influenza - is it real threat of pandemia?
Tomková, Eva ; Čelko, Alexander (advisor)
Pandemic influenza is global spreading of new influenza virus. Population is not immune from this kind of virus yet. Is possible, that this new species is mutated influenza virus, or that is originated from recombination of human and animal viruses. Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) is first pandemic influenza in 21. century. It has started as an epidemic influenza of new virus A (H1N1) from swine origin, in North America. Virus has been world-wide spreading during these several months and at the moment many steps of pandemic reduction are being accepted. "Swine influenza" - is acute viral disease of respiratory tract of swine, caused by influenza virus A. This swine infection is slight, mortality is low. Very rarely, the virus can be transferred also to human. In spite of the fact, that World Health Organization (WHO) declared 6th pandemic degree on 11. 6. 2009 - that was caused by new influenza virus A (H1N1) of swine origin - it is necessary to follow prevention steps of seasonal influenza and get immunized repeatedly. Declaration of pandemic was not based on disease's seriousness caused by influenza virus, but on incidence of new cases, world-wide reported. Pandemic occurs currently only in a slight form.
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Injuries in Seniors and the Possibilities of their Prevention
Eklová, Pavla ; Čelko, Alexander (advisor)
The topic of my thesis "Accidents seniors and Prevention" I chose, because I know from experience that this is a very important and current issues. Injuries in this age group are common and may have for the elderly, as well as for its surroundings and caregivers, severe consequences in the form of sudden loss of significant limitations to its sovereignty and quality of life. Is not without significance or economic aspect. many such injuries could yet could be easily avoided if they had been given sufficient attention to the possibilities of their prevention. To fix the "awareness" of these options would help my work. In this work I tried to put the available resources together the most comprehensive view of this issue, including some concrete examples of the mentioned seemed appropriate. Statistical data for this work comes from the official outputs of the Czech Statistical Office, Department of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic and the World Health Organization
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Colorectal carcinoma (epidemiology, trends and possibilities for prevention)
Repovská, Jarmila ; Čelko, Alexander (advisor)
Colorectal cancer is one of the tumors with the highest incidence and mortality in general. World analyzes clearly show that the incidence of this tumor in developed countries incomparably higher than in underdeveloped countries, we're talking about it even as the Noncommunicable diseases. Incidence is increasing and this trend is related to a modern way life, which include poor diet, for example, low physical activity, alcohol consumption, improperly prepared food containing a lot of animal fat and little protective elements excessive use of alcohol and smoking. In the Czech Republic, both the incidence and mortality of cancer of the colon and rectum rising trend. In 2002, he received these tumors in 2nd place in the incidence and mortality of individual tumors in the Czech Republic. The only way to stop the rising trend in incidence and mortality is reduced minimize the impact of risk factors and implementation of methods for primary and secondary prevention in practice. The aim of this paper is to highlight the seriousness of high levels of incidence and mortality colorectal cancer in the Czech Republic resulting from epidemiological studies and emphasize the importance of primary and secondary prevention in the fight against this disease. The prevention undoubtedly plays an important role practitioner,...
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