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The geographic horizon of Ancient Egyptians in the 3rd millennium BC
Jirásková, Lucie ; Charvát, Petr (referee) ; Bárta, Miroslav (advisor)
The thesis focuses on the Egyptian foreign relations with Syropalestine and Sinai, Eastern Desert and Punt, Nubia, Western Desert and Crete in the Old Kingdom covering most of the 3rd millennium BC time span. Each of the chapters presents the so far available archaeological evidence of interaction and the historical or the geographical implications based on it. In the conclusions the author, comparing the situation in particular areas, attempts to draw the general influence on economical and cultural life, as well as, the political significance of Egyptian foreign relations.
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Institution of vezierate in the Old kingdom
Dulíková, Veronika ; Vachala, Břetislav (referee) ; Bárta, Miroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the institution of vizierate in the Old Kingdom and solves the questions connected with the form and the interpretation of vizier's title, the titulary, the career and the spatial distribution of vizier's tombs. In the Old Kingdom viziers bore the composite title 5, tAyty TAty (n) zAb, with a presumable literal rendering "the TAty of king in the appearance of jackal, who belongs to the hallway of Palace". In correspondence with the Ancient Egyptian conception, the office of vizier was initially associated with the king's son. The end of the fourth and the early fifth dynasty represented a turning point influenced by social changes. During this period the members of royal family were excluded from the participation in the state administration and the highest administrative office was entrusted to officials of non-royal origin.
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The rock-art of Lower Nubia
Suková, Lenka ; Verner, Miroslav (referee) ; Bárta, Miroslav (advisor)
Skalní umění představuje archeologický pramen velmi specifické povahy. Je to bezprostřední odkaz, který nám zanechaly prehistorické a raně historické společnosti v různých částech světa o svém životě, soužití i bojích, úsilí i strádání, úspěších i neúspěších, obavách i touhách. Je to konkrétní svědectví o tom, jak tyto společnosti samy sebe vnímaly, jak znázorňovaly a uchopovaly svět, který je obklopoval, jak se vypořádávaly s nejrůznějšími událostmi a změnami, které se jich citelně dotýkaly a fungovaly jako hnací motor kulturního a společenského vývoje a jako podnět k mnohým adaptacím, technologickým inovacím i aktualizacím v různých oblastech života.1 Je to přímé hmotné vyjádření lidských představ a myšlenek,2 ikonografická projekce symbolického, metafyzického a emocionálního světa prehistorických populací,3 o němž kosti a kamenné nástroje, které získáváme z archeologického záznamu, většinou zarytě mlčí. Ve skalním umění se nám odkrývá docela jiný svět dávných společností a populací, prostřednictvím skalních obrazů je velmi snadné tento svět spatřit, avšak uchopit jej, pochopit zůstává většinou značně obtížné. Ke správnému porozumění skalnímu umění nám dnes schází původní kontext, v němž byly obrazy vytvářeny vždy s ohledem na určitou funkci nebo jako vyjádření konkrétní funkce, a specifické myšlení a...
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The tomb of Unisankh at Saqqara and Chicago
Onderka, Pavel ; Bárta, Miroslav (advisor) ; Bareš, Ladislav (referee)
In 1908, Edward E. Ayer (1841-1927),1 the founding father of the Egyptian collection of the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, IL, purchased for the museum two chapels of Old Kingdom mastabas once located in the vicinity of the pyramid complex of Netjerykhet at central Saqqara. One of them belonged to Netjeruser (NTr-wsr),2 a high official from the later reign of Nyuserre till that of Menkauhor,3 the other to Unisankh (Wnjs-anx.w), who is generally considered to have been son of Unis, the last king of the Fifth Dynasty. The tomb of Unisankh was excavated in 1907 by James E. Quibell (1867-1935),4 then the chief inspector at Saqqara, for the purpose of its sale to the Field Columbian Museum in Chicago (the later Field Museum of Natural History).5 When Quibell started his excavations, the whole Unis Cemetery North- West was hidden under sand. In the course of excavating the site, Quibell cleared the tomb of Unisankh. He undoubtedly realized the existence of several other structures, in particular the tomb of Iynefert that was partly unearthed in the course of dismantling the neighboring tomb of Unisankh. One block from the mastaba of queen Nebet (Nbt), wife of Unis, was found as well.6
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Pottery of the fifth and sixth dynasty from the excavations of the Czech Institute of Egyptology in the cemeteries of Abusir south
Kytnarová, Katarína ; Krejčí, Jaromír (referee) ; Bárta, Miroslav (advisor)
The topic of this thesis is the large yet unpublished assemblage of the pottery of the late Old Kingdom coming from the excavations of the Czech Institute of Egyptology in the cemeteries of the officials in Abusir South. The pottery was studied in the light of several main aspects - from the viewpoint of its classification and typology, the vessel manufacturing techniques, the chronological impact and dating limitations of the pottery and, finally, the relevant spatial divisions both according to the cultic and burial spaces in the tombs and in relation to the social status of the tomb owners. The main contribution of this study is the establishment of a new Abusir South pottery classification and an analysis of the chronological development of certain ceramic types.
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The Old Kingdom royal funerary domains: new evidence from the causeway of the pyramid complex of Sahura
Khaled, Mohamed Ismail ; Verner, Miroslav (advisor) ; Bárta, Miroslav (referee) ; Altenmüller, Hartwig (referee)
The study at hand focuses on the royal funerary domains in the Old Kingdom and the role which these domains played in supporting the cult of the Old Kingdom kings, as well as their function in the economy of the state. The present study aims to bring together the information about the old and already published royal funerary domains in the royal and non-royal tombs, and present the newly discovered procession of funerary domains from the recently excavated causeway of the pyramid complex of Sahura at Abusir. Following a brief introduction to the pyramid complex of Sahura and its exploration (chapter 1), an overview is presented summarizing the old theories about different types of domains and their function (chapter 2). The following chapters contain a complete, chronologically arranged, overview of the royal funerary domains attested in both archaeological and textual evidence (chapter 3), and a description and analysis of the newly discovered funerary domains of Sahura from the causeway of his pyramid complex (chapter 4). The final chapter presents a new view on the problem of the royal funerary domains in general, based on the analysis of the newly discovered material (chapter 5).
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Pyramid causeway in the Old Kingdom: evolution of the architecture and definition of the relief decoration program
El - Awadí, Tárek Mohamed ; Verner, Miroslav (advisor) ; Bárta, Miroslav (referee) ; Charvát, Petr (referee)
In the spring of 1994, an unexpected discovery to the North of the upper part of Sahure's causeway changed the long established belief that the mortuary complex of Sahure was excavated completely by L. Borchardt.1 Four huge limestone blocks decorated in basrelief of the highest quality bearing unique polychrome scenes were discovered during that spring, proving Borchardt's excavations of Sahure's complex were incomplete. These four blocks were evidence that more decorated blocks and fragments were still under the masses of sand surrounding the upper part of the causeway which had never been investigated by Borchardt? This surprising discovery was the result of cleaning being done in the area in preparation to open the Abusir necropolis for tourists. The work was under the supervision of Zahi Hawass. Hawass stopped the work at Abusir and reburied the blocks after they were photographed and drawn with the help of the Czech mission working at Abusir. Only a preliminary report was published by Zahi Hawass and Miroslav Verner to present the discovery to scholars.3 In their report, a survey of the causeways from royal funerary complexes was performed to alert scholars that many causeways are partially or completely unexcavated and need to be given more attention.4 In 2002, the present author was trusted by Hawass...
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Use of composite materials in automotive industry
Bárta, Miroslav ; Müller, Miroslav (advisor) ; Valášek, Petr (referee)
This work deals with the use of composite materials in the automotive industry. The first part is a familiar historical overview of the evolution of materials explaining the definition of terms, the basic distribution of composite materials and processing methods and technology composite production. The second part focuses on the application of composite materials in the automotive industry at the moment.
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Influence of atmospheric turbulences on the optical beam
Bárta, Miroslav ; Wilfert, Otakar (referee) ; Hudcová, Lucie (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to study a free space optics and its application in communication technologies. It describes possible interrupting impacts on the beamed optical signal, which are signal noise, attenuation of the atmosphere and atmospheric turbulence. The basis of the thesis is to describe the impact of the atmospheric turbulences on the optical beam. Fluctuation of optical intensity in the optical beam has been measured and index of refraction structure parameter calculated. With its assistance, turbulence rate has been determined.
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