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Analogue and numerical simulations of the geodynamical systems - insights from the models of the Earth collision tectonics and Martian mudflows
Krýza, Ondřej ; Lexa, Ondrej (advisor) ; Čížková, Hana (referee) ; Schöpfer, Martin (referee)
Analogue and numerical modelling in geosciences is an excellent tool for studying complex spatio-temporal relationships in mass and energy transfer. Recent developments and advances in the plate tectonics and planetology require a combination of both approaches to simulate processes that cannot be studied directly in-situ. Advanced physical models are complemented by deformation analysis which is based on image velocimetry and photogrammetry, while numerical simulations utilize both modern and traditional methods to solve corresponding equations in complex domains. This work compiles several models that are focused on deformation analysis associated with material and heat transfer in large accretionary systems. The second subject of the thesis represent the investigation of the formation and propagation of large mudflows in martian atmospheric conditions. In the first part of the work we present a general overview of the problems of analogue and numerical modelling including scaling theory, governing equations, individual methods and history. In the second part of the thesis we deal with laboratory and numerical simulations of collision-indentation tectonics associated with the emergence of large accretionary systems on Earth. The last part of the thesis is devoted to experiments designed for the...
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Effects of crustal rheology on stresses generated in subducting lithosphere
Pokorný, Jakub ; Čížková, Hana (advisor)
In this thesis we present the results of the numerical models of lithospheric subduction focused on the influence of rheological properties of the crust. We use a two-dimensional Cartesian model with non-linear rheology, including the major phase transitions at the depths of 410 km and 660 km. The separation of the subducting and overriding plates is facilitated by a low-viscosity crust, prescribed on the top of the subducting plate. Previous studies have shown that the mechanical properties of this crust significantly influence the deformation of the subducted plate in the transition zone. Here we focus 1) on a detailed analysis of the combined effects of the crustal thickness and viscosity on the slab deformation and its ability to penetrate to the lower mantle and 2) the implementation of the non-linear crustal rheology and testing the influence of its parameters. In the case of models with constant viscosity we show that the increase of the crustal thickness and/or the decrease of its viscosity makes it easier for the subducting plate to move and therefore leads to increasing the subduction velocity and rollback. If the ratio between the crustal viscosity and its thickness à · 3:3 č 1016 à · 3:3 č 1016 Pa s m-1 the slab stagnates above the boundary at the depth of 660 km. For higher ratio ÃÃ...
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Latent heat effect on slab deformation in the Earth mantle
Pilař, Štěpán ; Čížková, Hana (advisor) ; Běhounková, Marie (referee)
Lithospheric plates move relative to each other with velocities of several cm/year. In subduction zone, one plate slides (subducts) under the other. Slabs are being deformed while subducting to the Earth's mantle. The subduction is influenced by phase tran- sitions of the mantle material at the depths of 410 km and 660 km. Here, we used a two-dimensional numerical model of subduction to evaluate the influence of latent heat released or absorbed during these phase transitions on the subduction process. We ex- amined the influence of latent heat alongside the influence of other parameters - age of the slab (50 - 150 million years), yield stress inside the slab (2 · 108 − 5 · 108 Pa) and viscosity of the crust (1020 −1021 Pa s). Latent heat released during an exothermic phase transition at the depth of 410 km heats up the slab by 50 - 90 K, reduces the density anomaly with respect to the surrounding mantle and slows down the slab. At the same time, the viscosity of the slab is lowered and the slab deforms more easily in the transi- tion zone due to the endothermic phase transition at the depth of 660 km and a viscosity resistance of a stiffer lower mantle. The stress inside a slab is therefore lowered, which may influence deep earthquakes. When it comes to the other parameters, age of the slab changes the...
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Analogue and numerical simulations of the geodynamical systems - insights from the models of the Earth collision tectonics and Martian mudflows
Krýza, Ondřej ; Lexa, Ondrej (advisor) ; Čížková, Hana (referee) ; Schöpfer, Martin (referee)
Analogue and numerical modelling in geosciences is an excellent tool for studying complex spatio-temporal relationships in mass and energy transfer. Recent developments and advances in the plate tectonics and planetology require a combination of both approaches to simulate processes that cannot be studied directly in-situ. Advanced physical models are complemented by deformation analysis which is based on image velocimetry and photogrammetry, while numerical simulations utilize both modern and traditional methods to solve corresponding equations in complex domains. This work compiles several models that are focused on deformation analysis associated with material and heat transfer in large accretionary systems. The second subject of the thesis represent the investigation of the formation and propagation of large mudflows in martian atmospheric conditions. In the first part of the work we present a general overview of the problems of analogue and numerical modelling including scaling theory, governing equations, individual methods and history. In the second part of the thesis we deal with laboratory and numerical simulations of collision-indentation tectonics associated with the emergence of large accretionary systems on Earth. The last part of the thesis is devoted to experiments designed for the...
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Dog as a reminiscence stimulus.
Suková, Markéta ; Čížková, Hana (advisor) ; Dočkal, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis presents a basic insight into the issue of remembering and reminiscence, in order to plan, implement and evaluate the reminiscence program with canisterapeutical elements in Senior Residence Klamovka. The content is not only the theoretical basis, but above all the preparation process, the actual realization and the overall evaluation of a unique program of this type. There were six reminiscence meetings, the content of which was focused on the topic "dogs in my life". Indispensable subjects for the possible program testing were the reminiscence therapist, the canisterapeut, the author of the work and especially the clients of Senior Residence Klamovka, where everything was happening. The cycle of six reminiscence meetings with the use of a therapeutic dog ran from April to June 2017. After testing, it became clear that the selected themes with the use of a therapeutic dog were able to support a pleasant atmosphere during the meeting and the reminiscence of the seniors themselves. As a major shortcoming is to secure an adequate number of reminiscending people. Large numbers of attendees have often disrupted the harmony of the whole encounter.
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Support for Young People with the Choice of Career, Focused od Austrian Social Measure Jugendcoaching
Havelková, Zuzana ; Kaňková, Iveta (advisor) ; Čížková, Hana (referee)
11 Summary This bachelor's thesis "Support for Young People with the Choice of Career, Focused on Austrian Social Measure Jugendcoaching" describes the difficulties of career choice by children and adolescents and is focused on the Austrian measure called Jugendcoaching. The first chapter of the thesis describes the period of adolescence, focused on searching for a new identity and career choice. In this thesis, the specifics of adolescents with special needs, was considered. The second chapter introduces support measures used to assist people with special needs in the Austrian labor market. The third chapter deals with Jugendcoaching, it describes the circumstances of its origin, the target group, methods of support, and its evaluation. The fourth and fifth chapter discusses the application of Jugendcoaching in Germany and the situation in The Czech Republic, respectively. This thesis aims to describe the Austrian measure Jugendcoaching, evaluate its effectiveness, and to sketch the problems associated with supporting young people with choosing a career in The Czech Republic. This thesis should be a Czech resource for the topic of Jugendcoaching. The method is the analysis of materials relating to the matter. Keywords professional orientation, pupils, consulting, transitive period, self- determination,...
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Use of reminiscence in seniors with dementia
Průšová, Denisa ; Čížková, Hana (advisor) ; Kaňková, Iveta (referee)
The essence of this bachelor thesis is the study of the application of reminiscence in seniors suffering from dementia. The first part of the thesis is focused on determining the definition of old age. Then, this paper deals with dementia syndrome itself, understanding of the concept, symptoms of the syndrome and its identification. Part of this chapter serves also as an analysis of the indivi- dual types and stages of dementia, where the most attention is paid to Alzheimer's disease. One of the chapters deals with changes that are closely related to ongoing dementia syndrome. In the subsequent sections the thesis focuses on reminiscence therapy and its definition. Becau- se the therapy has multiple forms and approaches to the application are different, these points are described in greater detail. Using all the information obtained so far and conducting illustrative semi-structured interviews with reminiscent therapists in three types of facilities, it was possible to assess and subsequently evaluate the use of reminiscence therapy, namely in se- niors with dementia. Key words: old age, dementia, reminiscence, therapy, use
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