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Household waste transport
Gal, Pavel ; Frýba, Lukáš (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
Bachelor's thesis deals with issue of collection of mixed municipal waste to waste-to-energy. The main part is aimed to transportation of waste using rail freight or road freight transport. It shows the advantages of rail transport and compares transport in term of emissions and economy. The final chapter deals with preparation data for optimization problem and visualization of them using software ArcGIS.
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Methods of sewage sludge thermal treatment
Rosendorfová, Lenka ; Pavlas, Martin (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
The first part of this diploma thesis targets in the formation of summary of methods of sewage sludge thermal treatment. Sludge is dangerous material rising from water treatment. Original water pollution is concentrated in sludge. Spectrum of the different methods of sludge disposal is very vast, thermal methods belong to the most advanced ones. Nowadays, legislative rules and regulations make more restrictive, hence sludge disposal is problematic because of economic and ecological view of point. The second part of this diploma thesis is dealt with perspective sludge management at the Central Waste Water Treatment Plant Prague concerning sludge drying and consequent sludge incineration.
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Low-potential heat utilization for electricity generation
Švábenský, Pavel ; Frýba, Lukáš (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
This work is concentrating on production of elektricity from waste heat. The work mainly deals with Organic Rankine cycle (further referred to as ORC), basic theory of ORC is summarised here and for comparison is given Rankin-Clausius cycle as well. Further part of the work is dedicated to ORC unit as a system, an overview of manufacturers of ORC units and their range of products is given here as well, short comparison of ORC units was carried out. Further the work is dealing with problems of the incinerator and the possibility of using the ORC unit. The conclusion of the work is dedicated to the ekonomic evaluation of the application of ORC in the Czech Republic considering the implementation study.
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Model of an up-to-date commercial laundry premise
Tůma, Zdeněk ; Kšenzuliak, Vladimír (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
The thesis deals with a design of an up-to-date commercial laundry with focus on equipments applied. The proces is studied and analysed throughly first. Important aspects for choice of equipments are mentioned (i.e. steam, power and natural gas consumptions. These informations are summarized from data sheets provided by manufacturers as well as from experimental measurements in existing facilities.
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Input data for municipal waste collection routes optimization
Kulich, Marek ; Nevrlý, Vlastimír (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is to describe the systems of collection of separated waste as well as collection monitoring, which includes identification of containers, sensors and data transfer. The data is then summarized and analyzed for use in the optimization software that uses advanced ARP models. The practical part is devoted to the analysis of real data sets. On selected geographical area are determined the parameters of waste, the plan of the collection routes and their evaluation. The use of local infrastructure will be then shown by cartographic representations of the routes in the maps.
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Heat and mass balance model of unit for biomass combustion
Tomšů, Ondřej ; Pavlas, Martin (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
This work deals with the creation of a mathematical model for calculating mass and energy balances of the energy units for utilizing the biomass combustion by computational software W2E and it is engaged in necking the validity of the balance model for the real technology unit for combustion different types of biomass. There are presented basic informations of balances and described the procedure how to solve balance calculations of energy units. Introductory part deals with biomass as a renewable energy source, which has a large potential in energy system. There are presented all its important parameters, its types, methods of treatment and utilization power production. Next chapters focus on biomass combustion devices, theirs classification and theirs technological principles. For the specific type of biomass boiler (of capacity 1 MW with movable, inclined grid) - here was created balance model. The choice of this equipment is preferred primarily by the fact that the middle capacity power boilers can be considered as the most suitable heat sources in terms of efficient combustion of biomass. Another motivation is a key objective of this work, which is creation of balance model of the unit which energy utilizes of biomass, which belong into this category of heat sources and is available for real measurements. There are presented the available computing systems for balance modeling with the preference of the analysis program W2E and MS Excel. They are verified as the best instruments for creation balance model at the practical chapter of this work. The main output of presented thesis is thus balance model developed in W2E program which has been compared and modified to the real characteristics of biomass boiler. For this purpose were used the archived data from previous measurements and new actual measurements, which focused on the acquisition of the missing operational data and verifying the reasons of variance of the model and real status. In the conclusion, there are evaluated the basic operating parameters of the technology in various operating states by W2E analysis model.
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Biomass in heating systems of cities and villages - I
Soudek, Ondřej ; Pavlas, Martin (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
Point of this bachelor’s thesis is in acquainting with district heating problems. Emphases is posed for a technologic items of this system. Present trend is the cause of dissemination of biomass utilization in district heating over liberal possibility of distribution of heating. So bachelor’s thesis deal with vignette common fossil fuel. A new district heating system realization visualize extensive project and include project of thermal source, junction exchange station and heat distribution.
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System for Plastics Packaging Waste Production Analysis
Bejdák, Jan ; Kropáč, Jiří (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
One of the very current topics today is the implementation of the principles of sustainable development and the circular economy. The Czech Republic has adopted legislative changes in this area and has committed itself to meeting the set targets for the utilization of municipal waste. This work deals with the development of a software tool for monitoring the production and structure of packaging waste in households. The principle of the tool lies in a database and a web application for user access to stored data. The main part of the work is a draft of the assignment for programming works on the tool. The draft consists in determining the logical context of the data used to describe the packages in the database, in specifying the functions of the web application and in creating a template for the user interface. The assignment was created iteratively based on testing of available tools. The current state of implementation of the draft is described.
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Thermal treatment of waste with heat recovery
Strapko, Tibor ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
Following bachelor‘s thesis deals with one of the possible way of waste treatment nowadays, thermal treatment, focusing on the facilities using this secondary raw materials as a renewable source of energy, WTE plants (incinerations plants in history). At the beginning this work focuses on waste and its history, diversification, characteristics, origin and reasons of their continual grow in production. For complexity and possibility of comparison this work slightly deals with 2 other most popular ways of waste treatment, as well: recycling and waste disposal. Next part concers with thermal treatment of waste, specializing on WTE plants and its processes. These can be devided into 3 different parts: incineration part, energy utilization part and flue gas cleaning part. Big attention is concentrating on energy utilization system, which inconsiderable affects general effectivity of this facilities. Finnaly, there‘s a numerical evaluation of energy flows in process of waste incineration and its processing into simple block and computational model.
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Technical and Economic Analysis of Industrial Laundry
Kočí, Martin ; Pavlas, Martin (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the technical and economic analysis of energy-intensive processes laboratory, which focuses on the optimalization of energy processes. Its aim is to create a computational tool to determine the overall financial balance of laboratory, based on knowledge of industrial laundry and ability to identify and quantify correctly all the items entering the balance of the laboratory.
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