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Use of some exotic natural extracts in cosmetics
Phan, Huong Tra ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The objective of this bachelor thesis was a general characterization of the antioxidant effect of exotic plants and their extracts. The selected plants were Zingiber officinale, Turmeric longa and Momordica charantia. Theoretical part focuses on antioxidative properties, genereal characteristics of selected plants and description of the methods applied in the experimental part. In the experimental part, content of the antioxidant activity, polyphenols, flavonoids were characterized by spectrophotometry. Major active ingredient (curcumin, gingerol) and other substances like tocopherol were determined by HPLC/UV-VIS. Finally, potential practical use of these active substances in the field of cosmetics including skin hydration measurement was tested.
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Binocular vision
Němcová, Andrea ; Šanda, Jaroslav (referee) ; Fedra, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the physiology of binocular vision for obtaining three-dimensional perception from two-dimensional images when using special glasses. It focuses on anatomy and physiology of the human eye and vision as inseparable parts of binocular vision, and on binocular vision as such. The work also mentions terms related to vision and describes the evolution of binocular vision during the human life. The important part of this thesis is the description of the emergence of three-dimensional perception from two two-dimensional pictures (stereogram). The thesis explains the principles of 3D projection methods, especially those which use active or passive glasses, and briefly describes the possibilities of 3D projection without glasses. The practical part includes a plan of capturing dynamic scenes where important parameters which affect the video capturing are described. The plan provides a description of a dynamic scene design with respect to the possibility of verification of human physiological parameters. Described scenes were captured by two identical cameras and edited in appropriate software. These videos were shown to a group of viewers whose task was to evaluate the videos from both subjective and objective points of view.
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Production of pigments by yeasts
Gonová, Dominika ; Hlaváček, Viliam (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments synthesized by yeast, bacteria, filamentous fungi and plants. In recent years, the interest in the study of these pigments and their microbiological production is increasing mainly due to significant biological effects attributed to carotenoids. This work is conceived as comparative study of six carotenogenic yeasts: two strains of species Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Sporobolomyces roseus, Sporobolomyces metaroseus a Sporobolomyces pararoseus. Their cultivation was carried out in various media where the oxidative stress was applied in the form of hydrogen peroxide and also waste material – egg pasta – was used as a nutrition source. All studied strains were able to use waste substrate as a source of nutrients, in case of the genus Sporobolomyces increasing production of metabolites was observed. Under the oxidative stress, the majority of the studied yeast showed overproduction of carotenoids and accompanying lipid substances. Sporobolomyces roseus CCY 19-6-4 was characterized by the highest production of carotenoids (1923.78 µg/g -carotene) at the egg pasta media, but on the other hand, it showed a significant decline in biomass. As potentially the best producer of biomass (9.85 g/l) and carotenoids (780.24 µg/g of -carotene), the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis CCY 20-2-26 was observed. Pulcherrimin, synthesized mainly by yeast but also by some spore-forming bacteria, also belongs among natural pigments. Recently, its antagonistic effect that was shown against several microorganisms has been intensively studied, as it seems to be very relevant in regard to biological control. The second part of the work deals with the regulation of pulcherrimin production and its antimicrobial activity. As the pigment-producing yeast strains were used Metschnikowia pulcherrima 145, Metschnikowia pulcherrima 147, Mestchnikowia pulcherrima 149, Metschnikowia andauensis 129, which were cultured on various media containing different concentrations of metal ions and hydrogen peroxide as exogenous stress. In the study of pulcherrimin antagonistic effect, gram-positive bacteria Lactobacillus sakei, gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, yeast Candida glabrata and filamentous fungi Phanrochaete chrysosporium were used as tested microorganisms. All studied yeasts were able to produce pulcherrimin, and therefore to show antagonist effect, only in media supplemented with iron, while the color intensity was proportional to the concentration of iron. Antimicrobial activity of pulcherrimin was not observed only against bacteria Escherichia coli.
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Effects of hyaluronan on properties of Opthalmo-Septonex eye drops
Chromá, Kateřina ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
Modification of eye drops using hyaluronan to increase retention time on the eye surface. Using modification of Mahrous method have been determined concentration of Septonex in water. Than using gradual addition of hyaluronan into Opthalmo-Septonex eye drops was investigated appropriate concentration for membrane dialysis. With membrane dialysis was observed interaction hyaluronan-septonex. Than was determined size and charge of particles.
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Use of hemp and its products in cosmetics and pharmacy
Žáčková, Kristýna ; Skoumalová, Petra (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
Hemp is a versatile usable plant which can be found in almost all branches of industry, but also in medicine. The subject of this thesis is the determination of selected active compounds of technical hemp and its products and their possible applications in cosmetics and pharmacy. In the theoretical part is worked out the summary of active compounds including their effects in cosmetics and within medical use. In the experimental part were determined certain metabolites of hemp products, while as samples were used hemp flower, leaf, seed, flour, protein and two different hemp oils. There were also prepared creams with the addition of hemp oil in which the effects on the skin were assessed. In the analyzed samples was according to the character of the material determined the content of antioxidants, saccharides, proteins, lipids including the profile of fatty acids, vitamins and chlorophylls. It was proved that hemp flower is a better antioxidant than the leaf and contains higher amounts of all of the determined active compounds with this effect. Flour and protein which are made from the seeds have different percentages of individual studied compounds, because there is a different process for their production. The highest amount of saccharides is in the flour, hemp protein preparative consists of a 50 % of protein and in the seed was the highest lipid content. In the prepared hemp creams the moisturizing effects and the ability to prevent transepidermal water loss were observed.
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Compression of ECG signal
Blaschová, Eliška ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Vítek, Martin (advisor)
This paper represents the most well-known compression methods, which have been published. A Compression of ECG signal is important primarily for space saving in memory cards or efficiency improvement of data transfer. An application of wavelet transform for compression is a worldwide discussed topic and this is the reason why the paper focuses in this direction. Gained wavelet coefficients might be firstly quantized and then compressed using suitable method. There are many options for a selection of wavelet and a degree of decomposition, which will be tested from the point of view of the most efficient compression of ECG signal.
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Probiotics and prebiotics - a study of interactions, effects and co-encapsulation
Vrtná, Monika ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on encapsulation probiotics and co-encapsulation with some types of prebiotics. In theoretical part is aimed to probiotics, their general characteristics and application of probiotics in food industry. There are described prebiotics and their classification, there is described principles of encapsulation and encapsulation techniques. Methods, which are used for analysis of particles and encapsulation components were introduced too. The experimental part describes methods of prebiotics characterization by high performance liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometric methods. Cultivation of probiotics with prebiotics - hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed wad tested. Using flow cytometry cell viability was measured too. Finally probiotics and prebiotics were encapsulated, mainly by encapsulator machine. Long-term stability of particles during 6 week storage was observed. The particles were exposed to effect of artificial intestinal, gastric and bile juices.
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Production of microbial enzymes and their stabilization by encapsulation
Hazuchová, Eva ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The present thesis deals with the production of microbial enzymes and their subsequent stabilization through encapsulation. The theoretical part focuses on microbial enzymes, especially extracellular hydrolases, their producers and characteristics. Within the theory is also discussed the possibility of the application of enzymes in the field of pharmacy and medicine. Experimental work was focused on the actual production of microbial enzymes and methods for their to stabilization. The production of proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes in dependence on time and the used culture substrate were followed. The highest enzyme production was observed in Aspergillus oryzae when cultured on wheat bran at the third day of cultivation. In the experimental part was further carried out the identification, isolation and purification of enzymes. A substantial part of the experiment was to stabilize produced microbial enzymes by encapsulation. Enzymes were entrapped into alginate particles with encapsulation efficiency in the range of 55-70 %. The highest efficiency exhibited encapsulated enzymes from Aspergillus oryzae. Subsequently, long-term stability of the encapsulated enzyme in two environments (in water and gel) was followed during six weeks incomparison with free enzyme. During storage of free enzyme a significant decrease in enzyme activities occured, especially between the fourth and sixth week of storage. On the contrary, in encapsulated increased enzyme activities were observed. Empty particles exhibited higher stability during storage in the gel than in water. In this thesis potential use of enzymes in the pharmaceutical industry as agents promoting digestion was tested too. According to the results, particles with encapsulated microbial enzymes could be considered as suitable for some pharmaceutical applications.
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The use and effectiveness of colostrum in cosmetics
Bartoňová, Klára ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This thesis deals with efficiency of colostrum contained in cosmetics. The aim of study was to determine whether the colostrum contained in cosmetic preparations have any influence on the state of human skin. The theoretical part is a literary review and it deals with defining the basic concepts and phenomena, especially the colostrum, its composition and properties. There is also discussed the raw materials used for real samples preparation and efficiency evaluated on these samples. There are also described the methods used to evaluate cosmetic products. The practical part is focused on evaluating the influence of hydratation of prepared cosmetic products. The skin hydratation and transepidermal water loss was measured by MPA 5. Consumer tests are attached to this part. Chemical stability of these cosmetics is assessed in a special chapter.
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Analysis of some biologicaly active components in natural plant extracts
Kováčová, Ivana ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the study of the effectiveness of active ingredients from natural extracts such as milk thistle and turmeric. The thesis describes the use of modern methods of analysis and identification of active substances located in plants of milk thistle and turmeric. In the experimental part of thesis, which was preceded by a literature search focused on the biological effects of active substances in the chosen natural extracts, the extracts were characterized according to group characteristics (total assessment of polyphenols and flavonoids, assessment of antioxidant activity, and assessment of vitamin C volume and tocopherol). The next part is focused on the study of the encapsulation of natural active substances into the organic particles: liposomes. Silymarin and curcumin were encapsulated as active substances. The idea of a plant with a single active ingredient is usually erroneous. Plants usually contain hundreds of components which cooperate on a given effect. Therefore, the majority of herbalists believe that a simple plant is an active ingredient. However, some plants are known to be containing a particular active phytochemical. For instance, plants such as the milk thistle, turmeric, or a ginkgo are great examples of the plant containing a particular active phytochemical. In these cases, the active compound is disproportionately more effective than the plant itself. Encapsulation efficiency of active ingredients of Silymarin and curcumin was determined by HPLC/PDA. The aim of the analysis was to observe the behavior of elements during the incubation in surrounding of gastric juice model, and the stability while maintaining the particles in model food.
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