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Regular performance of the position of a Supervisory Board member in limited companies
Kubricht, Jiří ; Oehm, Jaroslav (referee) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (advisor)
DUE DISCHARGE OF LEGAL DUTIES OF A MEMBER OF A SUPERVISORY BOARD IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC COMPANIES Resumé This master's degree thesis aims to describe what duties members of supervisory board have and what it means to discharge those duties properly. Special attention is paid to duty of care, which I consider to be the duty of highest importance and so it forms roughly half of my thesis. The reason why I chose this type of topic is my special interest in law of corporations, especially the part of it that regulates the relations between company and shareholders on one side and directors on the other. It is also known as corporate governance. The thesis starts with introduction, which is followed by six chapters. The thesis then ends with summary that briefly describes the all main conclusions I arrived at. The introduction explains why area of corporate governance is so important and why special attention should be paid to it. It also discusses why the focus of the work is on public companies limited by shares and not private companies. Chapter one then describes what it means for a member of a board to generally act with duty of care. It covers most important aspects of this duty and also examines different types of real-life situations and what type of behavior would fulfill the requirements of duty of care...
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Comparative advertisemenet - the development of its regulation in Czech law
Šmukařová, Kateřina ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee) ; Horáček, Vít (advisor)
Resumé The aim of the thesis "Comparative advertising - the development of its regulation in Czech law" is to analyze the development of comparative advertising in the Czech legislation, to make a comparison with the EU legislation and to examine development trends in comparative advertising. The thesis is divided into four key parts. First part discusses general issues of comparative advertising, ways of comparison in advertising, understanding of comparative advertising in the past and general regulation of advertising. Second part of the thesis analyses development trends in the Czech regulation of comparative advertising. This part analyzes two key phases - understanding of comparative advertising before and after accepting the amendment of the Commercial Code (1st January 2001) that introduced explicit regulation of comparative advertising. The thesis evaluates compatibility of conditions of permeability in the Commercial Code to the ones in the EU directive, assesses strictness of the conditions and examines the relationship of comparative advertising to other explicitly regulated types of the unfair competition in the Commercial Code. In relation to the requirement of the single regulation of the comparative advertising in the EU it is possible to evaluate the regulation in the Commercial Code -...
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Contractual penalty and late payment interest under the Commercial Code
Hanušová, Monika ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee) ; Patěk, Daniel (advisor)
Závěr Smluvní pokuta i úrok z prodlení v praxi slouží jako velmi frekventované prostředky právního zajištění závazků, ačkoliv mají různý původ svého vzniku. Nárok na úrok z prodlení vzniká přímo ze zákona, naproti tomu smluvní pokutu si strany musí výslovně písemně ujednat. Úrok z prodlení je v našem právním řádu pojímán jako příslušenství pohledávky, kdežto smluvní pokuta je vedlejším ujednáním stran hlavního závazku a těší se tak větší samostatností. Tato práce nejdříve v prvních dvou kapitolách vymezila pojem smluvní pokuty a úroků z prodlení. Část třetí poté podrobně porovnala oba tyto právní instituty a analyzovala jejich dopady v mnoha oblastech práva, nejen obchodního, ať už se jedná o promlčení, o prodlení s úhradou smluvní pokuty a úroků z prodlení, o rozdílné důsledky jejich nepřiměřené výše, o vztah k náhradě škody a k zavinění, či o odlišný režim zajištění zástavním právem nebo o procesně právní aspekty týkající se věcné příslušnosti soudů nebo placení soudního poplatku. Závěrem lze shrnout, že přes všechny uvedené rozdíly oba tyto instituty patří k významným nástrojům zvýšení právní jistoty věřitele vůči dlužníkovi v obchodních i občanskoprávních vztazích a představují ve značné míře majetkové sankce postihující jednu a tutéž skutečnost - prodlení dlužníka se splněním peněžitého závazku,...
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Loan agreement
Procházka, Jonáš ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee) ; Liška, Petr (advisor)
71 13. Resumé This thesis describes the aspects of an effective regulation of the credit contract. I begin by drawing a distinction between the meaning of credit in an economic and in a legal sense. The credit contract's historical evolution, basic principles of credit granting and the legal regulation of credit contracts, follow. To summarize, credit contract is regulated by Czech Commercial code in §§ 497 - 507. Under the credit contract, the creditor undertakes the obligation to provide to the debtor, at his request monetary resources up to certain amount, and the debtor undertakes the obligation to repay the provided means to include interest. Commercial code considers contractual obligations arising from a credit contract to be business obligations of an absolute character (§ 261/3/d). It means that these contractual obligations are regulated by Commercial code regardless of the nature of the parties of contract and regardless of whether it originates from entrepreneurial or other activity. The provisions of Commercial code regulating the credit contract are mostly of nonmandatory nature. The parties may depart from regulating business obligations or exclude application of individual provisions, with the exception of § 497 (containing fundamental provisions) and § 499 (this provision regulates the fee...
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Appellation of origin, geographical indication
Libich, Luboš ; Slováková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
62 Designations of origin and geographical indications Resumé This thesis as an introduction briefly indicate subject which was chosen to deal with. There are determined objectives which author wanted to achieve. Following content is excursion to the history of law regulation of those institutes and definition of legal terms used in this thesis showing mutual differences. Main subject of interest in this thesis are rights of designation of origin, including geographical indication protected by different legal adjustments. This survey is performed in Czech system of law, international multilateral agreements, international bilateral agreements and law of the European Communities. Following two chapters are oriented more in detail of law of the European Communities. Partly there is anatomized comparison of regulation in protection of agricultural and alimentary products restricted by the Council (EC) regulation no. 510/2006, on the protection of geographical indications and designations of origin for agricultural products and foodstuffs with regulation no. 509/2006, on agricultural products and foodstuffs as traditional specialities guaranteed. Upon it deals with concrete contradiction in level of solving complication, set by entered objection against registration of indication of geographical origin to the...
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Members of individual types of business company
Procházka, Pavel ; Horáček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
95 12. 3 RESUMÉ Members of Several Forms of Business Companies. This paper aims to find the difference between the status of the members of the several forms of Czech business companies. This paper is about rights and obligations of the members of Czech business companies which are an unlimited partnership (a general commercial partnership), a limited partnership, a limited liability company and joint stock company. This paper is also about rights and obligations of the members of business companies which are supranational and governed by the law of European communities. These European supranational forms are European economic interest grouping and European company (SE). In the beginning I give a brief overview of the general rights and obligations arising from the membership of natural or corporate entities of business companies. The rights and obligations of the members of business companies depending on whether nature of the business company is so called personal or capital. The nature of the unlimited partnership, particularly the limited partnership and the European economic interest grouping is personal. The nature of the limited liability company, the joint stock company and European company (SE) is capital. I try to explain the differences among above mentioned two groups of business companies The...
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Industrial designs
Moravcová, Anna ; Slováková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
62 stanoviska všemi zúčastněnými stranami je nesnadný úkol. Zvláště v zemích, kde má automobilový průmysl silnou pozici, tedy i v ČR, bude upřednostňováno tradiční řešení ochrany náhradních dílů průmyslovými vzory. Takové řešení jde sice proti liberalizaci trhu, podle mého názoru ovšem skutečnost, že lze náhradní díly chránit průmyslovým právem, může lépe motivovat přihlašovatele k vývoji kvalitního designu a tím i k rozvoji příslušného průmyslového odvětví. Domnívám se, že ke změně současného stavu, kdy úprava je v členských zemích EU roztříštěná, v nejbližší době nedojde. Zvláště za probíhající hospodářské krize jsou tyto otázky citlivé: nedošlo by přijetím návrhu k poškození automobilového průmyslu? Svůj postoj k budoucímu vývoji právní úpravy průmyslových vzorů v Evropě vyjádřila Komise Evropských společenství ve svém Sdělení75 z července 2008: "Systém vzorů Společenství byl zahájen v roce 2003 a poté, co ES přistoupilo v roce 2008 k Ženevskému aktu Haagské dohody o mezinárodním zápisu průmyslových vzorů, nabízí v současnosti možnost ochrany ve třetích zemích. Ačkoliv vnitrostátní právní předpisy v oblasti vzorů byly do značné míry harmonizovány směrnicí o průmyslových vzorech, soudržnější systém na jednotném trhu by zajistilo přijetí návrhu liberalizace následného trhu náhradních dílů. Vzhledem k...
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Legal aspects of network industries and natural monopolies
Šik, Martin ; Handrlica, Jakub (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
1 Summary Key words: Natural monopoly, network industry, energy industry, regulation, liberalization, unbundling, third party access The present thesis sets out to explore the legal aspects of network industries and natural monopolies. It researches these aspects using the example of the energy sector (i.e. the power and gas industries), which is a typical example of a network industry. In terms of its geographical scope, the thesis focuses on the EU energy law and its specific application in the Czech Republic. The fundamental point of departure for the present thesis is a believe that energy law is closely intertwined with economic policy, and is appropriately interpreted only in the context of the concrete measures, tools, and concepts meant to reflect a nation's energy policy. The main driver of energy policy, and hence also of energy law, is a reform of the energy industry aiming at its liberalization. The key tools for its successful implementation are economic regulation, third party access, unbundling, and public administration by independent regulatory bodies. Firstly, the present thesis discusses the economic characteristics of network industries, that is most importantly the existence of a natural monopoly. The second part of the thesis outlines the background of liberalization and the related...
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