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Influence of enzymatic activity induced by copper and cadmium in aquatic plant Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC.
Mikšová, Martina ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis concerns with the effects of heavy metals on plants and is a part of a broader research on biomarkers of oxidative stress in aquatic plants in the Department of Pharmaceutical Botany of Faculty of Pharmacy in the University of Limoges. Experimental organism was an aquatic plant Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC (alternate water milfoil) that was collected in the upper stream of the river Vienna. Samples were cultivated in the increasing concentrations of copper and cadmium (0mM, 0,25mM, 0,5mM, 0,75mM) for 1, 3 and 6 days. On account of time and chemical products insufficiency only several analyses of plants treated with copper were carried out. Catalase is one of the enzymes integrated in the antioxidative defence system. It decomposes H2O2 into water. During the time catalase activity gradually increased up to 0,5mM. 0,75mM showed the maximum after the third day. When comparing different copper concentrations after the same cultivation period the highest activity was observed in 0,25mM in the first day and in 0,50mM the third and sixth day. Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC as other aquatic plants exhibits the heavy metal accumulation ability increasing in time and higher copper concentrations. On the contrary, decreasing time and concentration dependence was observable in measurements of...
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Description and metabolites of pharmaceutical and toxicological important plants I.
Homolová, Lucie ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
VIII. ABSTRACT HOMOLOVÁ Lucie, Description and metabolites of pharmaceutically and toxicologically important plants, Thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2008, 90 pp. In this thesis 31 pharmaceutically and toxicologically important or interesting plants are described. The work is focused especially on metabolites and use of these plants - therapeutical, folk and tradicional medicine, in some cases also in food-processing industry. Prahmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial monographs and dosage are also listed. For this thesis plants which are used in folk medicine even though the contents of substances does not conform to it were chosen. Other recorded plants were primarily used for some particular reasons but now some other important substances are extracted from them. Also plants that are toxic and can not be recommended for treating diseases but are still used in folk medicine are described. In the end the actual utilization and benefits of each plant are evaluated. Key words:
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Analysis of Ginger root extract. II.
Zárubová, Kateřina ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
Zárubová, K.: Analysis of Ginger root extract. II. [Thesis] Hradec Králové 2010, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy. The main goal of this work was verification of the declared quality of commercially available dry ginger extract. Having a standard sample is a necessary requirement for its testing in planned preclinical trials. Ethanol extract of the plant Zingiber officinale Rosc. was analyzed. For qualitative evaluation was used TLC method. Elution system was a mixture of ether and n-hexane in the ratio 6 : 4, an adsorbent was silicagel, detection was performed by spraying with solution of 1% vanillin in perchloric acid and sulfuric acid 6N. 6-gingerol was used as a standard. It was confirmed that the analyzed sample contains gingerols. Liquid chromatography for the quantitative evaluation of the extract was performed. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and water (acidified with 1 ml of phosphoric acid in 1000 ml of water) and methanol in the ratio 55:44:1, column was Merck Purospher RP-18 endcapped, 5 µm, 250×4 mm. Flow rate of mobile phase was 1.0 ml/min, inject volume 20 ml, UV / VIS detection at 282 nm. As a standard was used 6-gingerol in a concentration of 1 mg / 1 ml.There was determined 5,47 % of gingerols.
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Alkaloids of plants from family Amaryllidaceae and their biological activiy (1960-2010)
Buková, Vladimíra ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Buková, V. Alkaloids of plants from family Amaryllidaceae and their biological activity (1960-2010). Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 77 pp. The Amaryllidaceae family includes many species with important biological effects. This thesis is concerned with alkaloids of this family, their chemical structure, occurrence in particular species. Main goal of this thesis is to introduce their biological effects. The most important alkaloid of this family - galanthamin - acts as ecetylcholinesterase inhibitor and it is utilized for treating of the Alzheimer disease. The inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase has been described also at lycorin, 1-O-acetyllycorin, ungerenin, deoxylycorenin, montanin, hamayn and sanguinin. Amaryllidaceae alkaloids have also strong anticancer effects; an activity has been proved especially at alkaloids lycorin, pseudolycorin, pancratistatin, narciclasin, crinamin, heamanthamin, and others. From other important effects, it is necessary to mention antiprotosoal, antivirotic, antitrypanosomal, antibacterial, antiphlogistic, and antifungal activities.
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Biological effect of plant metabolites II. Isolation of alkaloids from Eschscholzia californica Cham.
Linzerová, Michaela ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
Linzerová, M.: A Biological Effect of Plant Metabolits II. The Isolation of Alkaloids from Eschscholzia californica Cham. A diploma work, Charles University in Praque, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2009, 66 pages Extract J1 from plant Eschscholzia californica Cham. was separated. The separation was performed on a chromatografic column filled by silica gel, mixture of chloroform-ethanol 100+0 to 45+55 was chosen as eluent. For detection was taken thin-layer chromatography. A polar mixture of ethanol-acetic acid-water (60+30+10) was chosen as eleunt mixture. Detection was evaluated by UV radiation and spray of Dragendorff reagent. The fractions containing the highest concentracion of alkaloids were coupled and purified. Two different alkaloids were obtained. The structures of these alkaloids were found out by NMR method. Keywords: Californian Poppy, Eschscholzia californica, alkaloids, column chromatography, Alzheimer disease, benzophenanthridin alkaloids
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Interactions of alkaloids with transition metals III.
Cymbál, Martin ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Tůmová, Lenka (referee)
Charles University Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Bc. Martin Cymbál, DiS. Supervisor: doc. Ing. Kateřina Macáková, Ph.D. Diploma thesis 2019/2020: Interactions of alkaloids with transition metals III., pp. 86. Copper is one of the important trace elements in the body. It regulates various enzymatic pathways. This work monitors the chelating and reducing activity of isochinoline alkaloids of the family Amaryllidaceae. The alkaloids of Amaryllidaceae have a large number of effects such as analgesic, narcotic, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, bronchodilatory, chemotherapeutic, antiparasitic, uteretonic, locally anesthetic, mydriatic and many other significant effects. An important representative is galanthamine hydrobromide, which is therapeutically used and is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Galanthamine type alkaloids (galanthamine, galanthamine hydrobromide, chlidanthine), lycorine type (lycorine, galanthine), haemanthamine type (haemanthnamine, vittatine) and montanine type (montanine) were studied. The methodology of the work was to determine the chelating and reducing activity with the use of the hematoxylin indicator and bathocuproindisulfonic acid, at different pH or in dimethylsulfoxide. Of the alkaloids studied, galanthamine and...
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Interactions of alkaloids with transition metals I.
Rzepecká, Radka ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Radka Rzepecká Supervisor: Ing. Kateřina Macáková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Interactions of alkaloids with transition metals I. Copper is one of the essential trace elements that are necessary for the proper functioning of the organism. Copper is a significant component of many enzymes that affect various metabolic processes in the human body. It is important that the level of copper in the body is regulated because its deficit or excess lead to a variety of pathological conditions. Alkaloids are secondary plant metabolites that are distinguished by numerous biological activities. In this thesis the copper-chelating and copper-reducing activity of eleven isoquinoline alkaloids was measured: boldine, isocorydine, (+)-bulbocapnine, (+)-corydine, glaucine, (-)-sinoacutine, (-)-californidine, (-)-escholtzine, platycerine, (-)-fumaricine, and (+)- parfumine. Alkaloid activity was measured at four (patho) physiological pH values by a verified spectrophotometric method using two indicators: bathocuproinedisulfonic acid disodium salt and hematoxylin. Based on the results, structure-effect relationships were derived. The results show that none of the tested substances was able to chelate copper ions. In...
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Interaction of chalcones with transition metals II.
Šulcová, Martina ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Phramacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Martina Šulcová Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Ing. Kateřina Macáková, Ph.D. Title of the diploma thesis: Interaction of chalcones with transition metals II. Copper is one of the essencial elements in human body which is involved in the functioning of many enzymes and metabolic pathways. Although it appears in trace amounts in the body, its functions are irreplaceable. However, the ion level must be kept in balance by the various mechanisms of the body. If there is an excess or deficiency of copper in the body, this condition can lead to the development of health issues. Chalcones are substances belonging to the group of flavonoids. Their polyphenolic structure does not have a closed ring C. Studies describe their anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, immunosuppressive and other properties. Chosen substances in the group of dihydrochalcones (naringin dihydrochalcone, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, phloretin, phlorizin) and chalcones (isoliquiritigenin, licochalcone A) were tested for their chelation and reduction activity of the copper ions in this diploma thesis. The activity was measured at different pH environments (7.5; 6.8; 5.5 and 4.5) and...
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Interaction of chalcones with transition metals I.
Faberová, Jana ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Candidat: Jana Faberová Supervisor: doc. Ing. Kateřina Macáková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Interaction of chalcones with transition metals I. Iron is a biogenic metal element with unpaired d-electrons that plays a key role in the survival of unicellular organisms, plants and mammals. The electron shell of the iron atom is able to easily bind and release electrons and thus contribute to the proper function of the organism. Iron is necessary to ensure the transport of respiratory gases, cell differentiation and the functioning of some specific enzymes. However, despite the clearly positive effect of iron on human health, inappropriately low or high level of iron in the body can cause the development many diseases. Chalcones are plant polyphenols belonging to the family of flavonoids, secondary metabolites of plants. The term chalcone generally refers to a chemical structure with an ,-unsaturated ketone system based on 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-on. These substances have a wide spectrum of biological activities and in the right amount can be good for human health. The aim of this diploma thesis was to monitor the iron-chelating and iron-reducting activity of selected chalcones: isoliquiritigenin, licochalcon A,...
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Interactions of alkaloids with transition metals III.
Cymbál, Martin ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Tůmová, Lenka (referee)
Charles University Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Bc. Martin Cymbál, DiS. Supervisor: doc. Ing. Kateřina Macáková, Ph.D. Diploma thesis 2019/2020: Interactions of alkaloids with transition metals III., pp. 86. Copper is one of the important trace elements in the body. It regulates various enzymatic pathways. This work monitors the chelating and reducing activity of isochinoline alkaloids of the family Amaryllidaceae. The alkaloids of Amaryllidaceae have a large number of effects such as analgesic, narcotic, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, bronchodilatory, chemotherapeutic, antiparasitic, uteretonic, locally anesthetic, mydriatic and many other significant effects. An important representative is galanthamine hydrobromide, which is therapeutically used and is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Galanthamine type alkaloids (galanthamine, galanthamine hydrobromide, chlidanthine), lycorine type (lycorine, galanthine), haemanthamine type (haemanthnamine, vittatine) and montanine type (montanine) were studied. The methodology of the work was to determine the chelating and reducing activity with the use of the hematoxylin indicator and bathocuproindisulfonic acid, at different pH or in dimethylsulfoxide. Of the alkaloids studied, galanthamine and...
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