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Chiral analysis of musk compounds in water ecosystem
Švarcová, Lucie ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Diploma thesis summarizes available information about chiral analysis of synthetic musk compounds in the aquatic environment. In the theoretical part of the thesis chirality and importance of chiral analysis by means of examples of different environmental pollutants is documented. Further consideration is aimed on musk compounds, their classification, characteristics and their fate in the environment, especially in the aquatic environment. After that methods for chiral analysis of synthetic musk compounds are reviewed. The aim of the experimental part of this diploma thesis was to carry out the determination of thirteen representatives of musk compounds (2-cyclohexylethanol, allylcyklohexylpropionate, Arocet, Aroflorone, Citronellol, Fresco Menthe, Galaxolide, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, HSA, isoamylsalicylate, isobornylacetate, Lilial and Linalool), out of which some compounds are chiral and some are achiral. For the analysis samples of wastewater from the wastewater treatment plant Brno - Modřice were taken. Target compounds were isolated by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and were subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. On the basis of data evaluation the removal efficiency forgiven musk compounds in the wastewater treatment plant was assessed.
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Application of passive sampling for the analysis of hormones in drinking water
Remerová, Martina ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
The thesis focuses on the use of passive sampling during an analysis of hormones in drinkable water. In the theoretical part there are described selected passive samplers and the sample of the type of POCIS is described at fuller length. The next chapter engages with steroid hormones and an input of estrogenic hormone into the environment. The thesis contains chapters dealing with possibilities of the determination of hormones in water. It is specialized on the analysis of drinkable and surface water. In the last chapter of the theoretical part there are introduced water works where samples for an experimental assessment were collected from. The experimental part of the thesis presents the specification of the extraction of analytes and an adjustment of used device. In the thesis there are specific calibrations for individual assessment of hormones. The results of the assessment for each collection point are ordered to a well-arranged table. Increased levels of targeted estrogens were not approved in most of sampling points.
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Determination of nonylphenol and its isomers in waters
Sedláček, Jaroslav ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the issue of nonylphenol, degradation product of surfactants. Nonylphenol however most often arises in wastewater treatment plants predominantly during the microbial degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates used in industry. It is a substance highly bioaccumulative, toxic predominantly to aquatic organisms. Furthermore, it belongs among hormone disruptors. The detailed research was prepared, on the basis which experimental part of diploma thesis was solved. Nonylphenol was determined in samples of the wastewater. The solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for the isolation of the analyte and purification of the extract. The final determination was performed on the gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry with time of flight analyzer (TOF). All steps of the preanalytical and the analytical procedure were optimized.
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Evaluation of basic characteristics of thermal water with separation methods
Skálová, Lucie ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The presence of inorganic ions is one of the criteria for thermal water assessing. The most important anions that affect the water quality and allow their use for therapeutic purposes, include sulfates, chlorides, nitrates and bicarbonates. Ions (as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium) are the significant cations. The ion chromatography is used for separation of these substances and also some methods based on electrophoretic migration of ions in an electric field. The electromigration method of isotachophoresis was chosen for determination of selected ions in water samples collected from thermal boreholes in Pasohlávky.
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Monitoring of water and sediment contamination
Grajciariková, Eva ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of the presence of POPs in the surface water and sediments. Monitored compounds were chosen from the group of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE). Samples were collected in selected localities in the Slovak and the Czech Republic. Selected analytes were extracted with hexane from the aqueous matrix. Analytes were isolated by the ultrasonic extraction using a solvent mixture of hexane-dichlormethane from the solid matrix and the resulting extract was cleaned up by the column chromatography filled with the florisil and the silica gel. Target compounds were analysed by GC/ECD finally. Obtained results show the level of contamination in selected localities in the Slovak and the Czech Republic.
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Analysis of saccharides and markers of wood combustion in atmospheric aerosols
Kubátková, Nela ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Mikuška,, Pavel (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with the analysis of saccharides and markers of biomass and wood combustion in atmospheric aerosol, PM2,5. Theoretic part is focused on general characterisation of atmospheric aerosols and on the properties, sources and analysis methods of selected analysed organic compounds. The experimental part is focused on the optimization of method for simultaneous analysis of saccharides and tracers from biomass and wood combustion. Optimization of method includes selection of solvent for the extraction of compounds and optimization of derivatization process and GC/MS analysis. The optimized method was then applied for the analysis of selected compounds in real aerosol samples in the size fraction PM2.5. The concentrations of analysed compounds were compared in term of sampling seasons.
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Passive sampling of polar organic pollutants from water
Vítková, Libuše ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the passive sampling of polar compounds from water using passive samplers POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler). These devices were exposed for 4 weeks in the waste water at the inflow of municipal waste water treatment plant in Brno – Modřice, and also at the outflow of the treated water. After exposition sequestered compounds were released by extraction with a mixture of methanol, toluene and dichlormethane. Extracts were analysed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. Further, methylated and trimethylsilylated extracts were analysed by orthogonal comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Separated compounds were identified on the base of their retention and mass spectra.
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Determination of musk compounds in biotic matrices
Soukupová, Alena ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with actual issues of the contamination in the environment with synthetic fragrances. Musk compounds are infiltrated to many environmental components (especially an aquatic ecosystem) because of their biological persistence and the ability of accumulation. This diploma thesis is focused on the selection and the optimization of method for the determination of musk compounds in real biotic matrices (fish). The isolation of analytes was realized by PSE method and the purification of extract was realized by the method of the adsorption column chromatography. Identification and quantification of individual musk compounds was carried out by GC-MS. In conclusion were results and the contamination of fish from the river Svratka disscissed and evaluated. These fish were caught at the inflow and at the outflow of the wastewater treatment plant.
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Assessment of drugs in settlings with waste water treatment
Hájek, Radek ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on asessment of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plant sludge. Two macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin and clarithromycin) and three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac) were assessed. Sample of sludge was taken in municipal wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice. Analytes were obtained using pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) or ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE). Clean-up was performed by solid phase extraction (SPE). Ultra high performance liquid chromatography followed by UV-VIS diode array detection was used for quantitative determination of the analytes.
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Substituted polyaromatic compounds in environmental components
Kubalík, David ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work is focused on substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental compartments. The thesis examined the development of these compounds and their entry into the ecosystem. Due to their proven negative characteristics to be addressed also their toxicology. The next section discusses the appropriate methods, including sampling, sample preparation and final determination. The conclusion of this work forms draft standard operating procedure for their determination.
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