|
|
Antiprotozoal activity of alkaloids II.
Kvapilová, Radka ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Author: Radka Kvapilová Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Antiprotozoal activity of alkaloids II. The development of new antiprotozoal agents for the treatment of infections is very important. Natural substances can be the source of effective drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiprotozoal activity of these alkaloids - canadine, scoulerine, tetrahydropalmatine and stylopine. The experiment was conducted on typical model organism Tetrahymena thermophila. Percentage inhibition of the organism was determined using the MTT assay. Subsequently median inhibitory concentration IC50 of the test substances was calculated. From our alkaloids stylopine had the greatest antiprotozoal activity. Antiprotozoal activity decreased in the following order stylopine > canadine > scoulerine > tetrahydropalmatine. Key words: Tetrahymena thermophila, antiprotozoal activity, canadine, scoulerine, tetrahydropalmatine, stylopine
|
|
|
Plants as source of isoflavonoids
Raabová, Karin ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE PHARMACEUTICAL FACULTY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY AND ECOLOGY Title of the Bachelor thesis: PLANTS AS SOURCE OF ISOFLAVONOIDS Candidate: Karin Raabová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Bachelor thesis 2014/2015, pp. 65 Isoflavonoids belong to the low molecular weight secondary metabolites of plants produced by many plant families, particularly plants of the family Fabaceae. They are a common part of the human diet (peas, beans, soybeans) and have many biological effects, such as the estrogenic and antioxidant effects, but also can exhibit larvicidal activity. To subsequent establish the presence of these substances in plants are most often used special instrumental (HPLC, MS, DAD) or immunological (ELISA, RIA) methods. This thesis is a literature review, which aimed to gather information about plant sources of isoflavonoids. Among their significant sources of the Kingdom Plantae belong for example Pueraria, Dalbergia, Astragalus, Belamcanda and Gynerium. Keywords: isoflavonoids, plants, biological activity, identification
|
|
|
Copper chelating activity of flavonols
Jeřábková, Markéta ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Filipský, Tomáš (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové Department of Pharmaceutical botanic and ecology Candidate: Markéta Jeřábková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Copper chelating activity of flavonols Copper belongs to essential trace elements. It is involved in different biological processses essential for life therefore metabolism disorders of copper can give rise to patological displays. A raised level of loose copper in serum at some diseases arouses a great interest in the "chelating" therapy and the study of new potential chelators. The importance of chelation is based on the maintenance of copper homeostasis and the elimination of its abundance. It serves the intoxication therapy of copper and other heavy metals and the treatment of Wilson's disease. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant effects. Flavonoids able to chelate some metal ions through which they reduce the possibility of the production of a hydroxyl radical which decrease the effect of oxidative stress on organism. The possible use of the "chelating" therapy with flavonoids is investigated also at cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, the occurrence of cancer and the inflammation. This diploma thesis was focused on discovering chelating activity of flavonols:...
|
|
|
Copper reducing effects of isoflavonoids
Ambrožová, Kamila ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Martin, Jan (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Kamila Ambrožová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Copper reducing activity of isoflavonoids Copper in our body appears only in trace amounts. Despite this fact is an important component of many enzymes, which are responsible for right function of the whole organism. The most important are antioxidant activity, collagen and conective tissue synthesis, formation of pigmentation and cell respiration. Main target of the organism is control the homeostasis of copper, because excess and deficiency of the element could be pathological. Increase level of copper can cause many of civilization diseases. Isoflavones are the plant metabolites of polyfenolic structure which can positively affect different processes in our body. Research is dedicated to anti-inflammatory and estrogenic effects, antioxidant and anticancer aktivity. The elimination and inactivation of radical elements is performed becase of ability of isoflavones to reduce transition elements or chelate them. The aim of this thesis was to determine the reducing activity of seven isoflavonoids - daidzein, genistein, biochanin A, genistin, glycitein, formononetin and prunetin. The highest reduction...
|
|
|
Effect of Diclofenac on Autotrophic Organisms
Horáková, Veronika ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Abctract Mgr. Horáková Veronika, Effect of diclofenac on autotrophic organisms, (rigorous thesis) Charles University in Prague, Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Total number of pages: 67 A larger amount of medical substances and their influence on our environment are connected with their increasing consumption. This work is linked with the former dissertation on Eco-toxicological evaluation of non-steroid and anti-inflammatory medicaments and so for this reason there was spread the test spectrums of chronic toxicity of diclofenac. There were used The test of inhibition of germination seeds Lactuca sativa and The test of alga toxicity Desmodesmus subspicatus for assessment of chronic toxicity of diclofenac. There were found these values for diclofenac from these tests: The test of inhibition of germination seeds Lactuca sativa 72h IC50 0,16 mg/l (0,01 - 3,76 mg/l). The test of alga toxicity Desmodesmus subspicatus 72h IC50 671 nm: 41,30 mg/l (18,76 - 90,91 mg/l) and 750 nm: 23,60 mg/l (14,98 - 37,18 mg/l). Keywords: diclofenac, Lactuca sativa, Desmodesmus subspicatus
|
|
|
Antioxidants of natural origin influencing memory
Dlabajová, Denisa ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Dlabajová D., Antioxidants of natural origin influencing memory, Bachelor thesis 2012/2013, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, pp. 54. Large amount of substances isolated from plants which are located all around the world, has antioxidant activity, which prevents the formation of free radicals. These result in development of neurodegenerative disorders, cognitive impairment and dementia. Antioxidants could have an important role in the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Selection of plants with this effect is mentioned in my bachelor thesis (for example Acorus gramineus, Bacopa monnieri, Curcuma longa, Lepidium meyenii, Scutellaria baicalensis etc.).
|
|
|
Biotransformation of flubendazole and albendazole in plant cells
Seidlová, Helena ; Skálová, Lenka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Helena Seidlová Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Lenka Skálová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Biotransformation of flubendazole and albendazole in plant cells Benzimidazole anthelmintics, the drugs against parasitic worms, are widely used in human as well as in veterinary medicine. Following excretion, these substances may persist in the environment and impact non-target organisms. Phytoremediation might be a suitable method for elimination of anthelmintics from the environment. In order to test detoxification abilities of plants, biotransformation pathways of albendazole (ABZ) and flubendazole (FLU) were studied in reed (Phragmites australis) in vitro. It was found that reed cells were able to uptake and biotransform both anthelmintics. These drugs did not significantly affect viability of the reed cells. Using HPLC/MS 10 ABZ metabolites and 5 FLU metabolites were found. Some atypical biotransformation metabolites (glucosylglucosides, acetylglucosides and xylosylglucosides), which have not been previously reported were identified. Based on the obtained results, the schemes of metabolic pathways of ABZ and FLU in reed were proposed. The amount of main metabolites (reduced FLU, ABZ-sulfoxide,...
|
|
|
The Evaluation of Zearalenone Pressencence in Food and Feed in the Czech Republic
Čtvrtečková, Tereza ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
1 ABSTRACT ČTVRTEČKOVÁ T.: The Evaluation of Zearalenone Pressencence in Food and Feed in the Czech Republic. Hradec Králové 2013, 92 pages. Doctoral thesis at the Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague. Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Zearalenone, a mycotoxin characteristic for its estrogenic effects, is produced by certain species of Fusarium genus. It appears in cereal grains, especially in corn. The thesis presents an overview of contemporary findings regarding mycotoxins of the zearalenone type in the territory of the Czech Republic. The focus lies on current assessment of zearalenone presence in food and feed. A summary of latest information on the legislative regulations of zearalenone in food, feed and animal products is provided, including zerealenone analysis methods, their characteristics and trends. The thesis also draws attention to the importance of mycotoxin occurence prevention.
|
|
|
Phytochemical study of a selected plant taxon. Procyanidins of Vaccinium macrocarpon in food supplements.
Kazakova, Vlada ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Author: Vlada Kazaková Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Luděk Jahodář, CSc. Title of master's thesis: Phytochemical study of a selected plant taxon. Procyanidins of Vaccinium macrocarpon in food supplements. Backround: The main objective of this work was to analyze food supplements containing Vaccinium macrocarpon, especially to evaluate the content of substances that are considered to be effective against urinary tract infections. Methods: Preparations were analyzed by TLC and HPLC techniques, tested for antioxidant activity by method utilizing DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging. Proanthocyanidins content was determined by using method based on the reaction with DMAC (4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde). Results: An overview of the issue of food supplements containing Vaccinium macrocarpon was created. Concentrations of proanthocyanidins in samples were determined. The content in recommended daily dose of preparations ranged from 4,2 mg to 54,3 mg. Conclusions: Proanthocyanidins from Vaccinium macrocarpon affect the ability of bacteria to adhere to epithelium of the urinary tract. Suitable method of their determination is method based on reaction with DMAC. Results revealed...
|
|
|
Chronic toxicity of drugs mixture
Podlipská, Kateřina ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Podlipská Kateřina Consultant: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Chronic toxicity of drugs mixture Ibuprofen, from the group of non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs, and amoxicillin, from the group of broad-spectrum aminopenicillin antibiotics, belong to one of the most often used drugs. In this work was monitored chronic toxicity of these drugs and their mixtures. For the evaluation was selected multigenerational toxicity test with the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila and algal toxicity test with the alga Desmodesmus subspicatus. It turned out that the more sensitive organism is T. thermophila for which we have determined the value 24hEC50 in the range of 1,53 to 2,57 mg/l compared with the value 72hEC50 for D. subspicatus in the range of 16,77 to 229,3 mg/l. Synergistic action of these two drugs in mixture has not been demonstrated. Keywords: ecotoxicology, amoxicillin, ibuprofen, Tetrahymena thermophila, Desmodesmus subspicatus
|
guest ::
