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Mycotoxins and human health
Roudná, Iva ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Roudná Iva Supervisior: Mgr. Konečná Klára, Ph.D. Adviser: RNDr. Klaban Vladimír Title of the bachelor thesis: Mycotoxins and human health This bachelor thesis deals with all aspects of the mycotoxin biosynthesis and with the negative effect of mycotoxins not only on the human organism but also on domestic and farm animals from the point of view of animal husbandry. In the first part of the thesis mycotoxins such as contaminant substances in the human environment are introduced and defined and possible misuse of mycotoxins in terrorist attacks is also mentioned. This is followed by a general description of micromycetes and their significance not only as producers of dangerous mycotoxins, but also the positive use of micromycetes in food production, modern biotechnologies, in biological plant protection as well as in the sewage treatment are also discussed. A great attention is also given to the pathological effects of micromycetes because they can cause various different mycotic and allergic disorders. The following chapter deals with the sources of mycotoxins. The thesis particularly deals with the three most important genera of mycotoxin-producing moulds: Aspergillus,...
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Characterization of Archaea and Bacteria from hypersaline habitats
Dohnálková, Ester ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Candidate: Ester Dohnálková Title of diploma thesis: Characterization of Archaea and Bacteria from hypersaline habitats Charles University of Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medicinal Sciences University of Sevilla, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Study program: Pharmacy The aim of this project is the characterization of nine archaea and one bacterium. These microorganisms are halophilic, salt is their essential nutrient and require high concentration of salt. The archaea and the bacterium were isolated from several hypersaline habitats in Spain and South Africa. Strains constitute a group of Archaea, related to the genus Halorubrum and the bacterium related to the genus Aquisalimonas. The study included a complete characterization based on phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic characterization, chemotaxonomic analysis and genotypic characterization of these strains. The comparison of the complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of nine haloarchaeal showed that they were related to the species Halorubrum chaoviator (with similarities of 99.2 to 100 %). Phenotypically they showed very similar features. Also their polar lipids profile was similar. With respect to the new halophilic bacterium several phenotypic features were found to be...
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Specialist public awareness of the tuberculosis vaccination
Ročková, Marcela ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Rathouská, Jana (referee)
Discussions about vaccination against tuberculosis with BCG vaccine have been led for many years. The BCG vaccination belongs among the most controversial vaccinations at all, because the vaccine isn't very effective and its' application is also accompanied by a high incidence of complications. All these facts, with regard to the fact that the incidence of TBC in the Czech Republic is one of the lowest in Europe, have led to revaluation of the meaning about this vaccination and inicially it resulted in cancellation of revaccination for children of two and eleven years of age and afterwards in complete vaccination abolishment for children and newborns. The goal of this work was a finding, which attitudes towards vaccination against tuberculosis doctors advocate. I achieved this through the method using the questionnaire study on this topic. 489 respondents answered six simple questions focused on the issue of the BCG vaccination. Many results were surprising. 39 doctors didn't know, that the complete vaccination for children and newborns was abolished and 257 doctors disagreed with this decision. 296 doctors considered the declining incidence of tuberculosis as a reason, why the complete vaccination was cancelled. 476 doctors had a meaning, that it is necessary to continue with vaccination of...
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Western blot analysis of ICAM-1 and P-selectin protein expression in aorta of mice with high soluble endoglin levels.
Uhlířová, Barbora ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Barbora Uhlířová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Rathouská, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: Western blot analysis of ICAM-1 and P-selectin protein expression in aorta of mice with high soluble endoglin levels Background: Detection and subsequent evaluation of the expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and P-selectin in aorta of two groups of transgenic mice differing by levels of human serum endoglin that were fed a special high fat and cholesterol diet. Methods: We used six-month-old female transgenic mice capable of expressing of human endoglin, which was able to be determined after cleavage in the circulation (Soluble endoglin - sENG) by the use of an ELISA assay. Therefore, we were able to divide the mice into two groups - an experimental group (high levels of sENG) and a control group (very low sENG levels). For 3 months, both groups were given a special high fat and cholesterol diet. Biochemical analysis (total cholesterol levels), and Western blot analysis of molecules ICAM-1 and P-selectin in the homogenate of mouse aortas were carried out. Results: Biochemical analysis of total cholesterol in the blood revealed statistically no significant differences in the measured values...
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Current methods in diagnostics, treatment and prevention of infection caused by methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Korejsová, Erika ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Vejsová, Marcela (referee)
Candidate: Erika Korejsová Supervisor: Mgr. Klára Konečná, Ph.D. Consultant: MUDr. Marie Smolíková Title: Current methods in diagnostics, treatment and prevention of infection caused by methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Bachelor thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study field: Medical Bioanalytics Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that is found in the nasal mucosa of healthy people (20-40%) and skin without causing disease. Under certain circumstances, such as damage or injury of skin, mucous membranes and in immuno-incompetent individuals, the MRSA infection can originate. Therefore, hospitalized patients are much more susceptible to this infection. The biggest dangers represent MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) strains. These strains of Staphylococcus aureus are mostly multi-resistant, where in addition to resistance to oxacillin (methicillin), resistence to other antibiotik occurs as well. Treatment of these patients is problematic, because MRSA strains are extensively resistant and persist in the organism and in the environment. Their eradication is not simple. The patient's blood reinfection often occurs due to low levels of antibiotics. It means a considerable financial...
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Identification of membrane localized native peptides of intracellular bacteria Francisella tularensis
Hrebíková, Hana ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Pávková, Ivona (referee)
Bc. Hana Hrebíková Identification of membrane localized native peptides of intracellular bacteria Francisella tularensis Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Specialist in Laboratory Methods Background: The main goal of this diploma thesis was develop new methods suitable for assume of concentration of peptides in biological sample and identification of membrane- associated proteins of bacteria Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis). Methods: Experimental development was tested on standard proteins like alfa kasein and BSA. These proteins had known concentration and they were treated by trypsine. The concentration of reached peptides were measured by modified and classic method of micro BCA (bicinchoninic acid protein assay). Method was applied on real bacterial sample of F. tularensis species strain FSC200. By cultivation of whole bacteria bacterial peptides were prepared. The cultivation was provided in different time intervals in solution, which contained trypsine. This method named shaving was described in literature. Results: The concentration of peptides was measured by classic micro BCA method. Peptides were separated by HPLC and identified by mass spectrometry. Identification of two bacterial peptides from protein named 17 kDa major membrane...
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Antimicrobial Additives and their use in top Coating Paint
Čechová, Petra ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Petra Čechová Consultant: PharmDr. Petr Jílek, Csc. Title of Thesis: Antimicrobial additives and their use in top coating paint. Background: Evaluation of efficacy in antimicrobial photocatalytic paint designed by Synpo a.s. Pardubice Company (AMAc-1, AMAc-2, AMAc-3, AMAc-4, AMAc-5); Composition of paint unknown (we only known that paint include photocatalytic additives); Pathogen bacterial strains: E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa. Methods: Contact of microbes with antimicrobial photocatalytic paint: pre-activated with UVA-light, activated with UVA-light at the same time, non-activated with UVA-light. Main findings: Graphs show how number of CFU microbes is changing in time; Definition of efficacy (-k): negative value of tangent of line linear regression. Conclusions: Confirmation of hypothesis: grow of efficacy of antimicrobial photocatalytic paint after exposition UVA-light; Influence on fall of number microbial CFU of strain E. coli; Significant after UVA irradiation (activation); S. aureus: fluctuating of results, all the same definite fall of bacterial CFU after activation UVA-light; Most resistant to efficacy of antimicrobial paint was P. aeruginosa; Influence of...
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Susceptibility profile of biofilms of non-albicans Candida spp. to echinocandins
Pešková, Pavla ; Křivčíková, Lucie (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Pavla Pešková Supervisor: Ing. Lucie Křivčíková Diploma Thesis: Susceptibility profile of biofilms of non-albicans Candida spp. to echinocandins Yeasts of the genus Candida are one of the most frequent human fungal pathogens. Infections caused by them are related to a specific form of growth - biofilm (BF), which has increased their resistance to antifungal treatment. Since bloodstream infections caused by non-albicans Candida species are increasing, it is important to focus on their susceptibility characteristics. The main aim of our experiment was to examine the susceptibility profiles of BF produced by rare non-albicans Candida species to echinocandins. We tested 3 species of the genus Candida - C. lusitaniae, C. guilliermondii and C. krusei and 3 different echinocandins - anidulafungin (AND), caspofungin (CAS) and micafungin (MFG). Echinocandins have unique mechanisms of action. They inhibit the function of the enzyme β-1,3-glucan synthase. Disruption of its function leads to inhibition of β-1,3-glucan production, damage of fungal cell wall and loss of viability of the cell. In experimental part we used YNB medium and RPMI 1640 medium to grow Candida species BF and...
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Application of electromigration methods in the analysis of Francisella tularensis proteins
Žáková, Jitka ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Degree program: Medical bioanalysis Field of study: Medical Laboratory Technician Author: Jitka Žáková Title: Application of electromigration methods in the analysis of Francisella tularensis proteins Bachelor thesis Theoretical part describes pathogenic bacterium Francisella tularensis (taxonomy, morphology, cultivation, mode of disease, sources of infection, epidemiology) and basic characterisation of electromigration methods (electrophoresis, izoelectric focusing, izotachophoresis, capillary electrophoresis). Experimental part contains methods and results of selected electromigration experiments (1DE SDS-PAGE, 2 DE SDS-PAGE). We chose the methods that prove to be usefull in generating data suitable for current publication in international journals, thus ilustrating the significance in analysis of F. tularensis proteome.
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Examination of blood for the infectious diseases for the transfusive medicine. Legislature of different countries of the world.
Dohnalová, Eva ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Řeháček, Vít (referee)
Author: Bc. Eva Dohnalová Title: Blood-bank testing for infectious diseases Legislation of different countries of the world Supervisor-specialist: MUDr. Martin Šumpík Supervisor: Mgr. Klára Konečná Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study specialisation: Specialist in Laboratory Methods A list of most frequently detected infectious agents in blood transfusion service is presented in the first part of this thesis. The history, taxonomy, structure, possible ways of transmission and the most frequently selected diagnostics of detected causative agents are also described in this thesis. In the second part of the thesis, there is described one of the areas of transfusion medicine legislation - blood and blood products testing for infectious diseases. The legislation of some countries of the European Union (the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Poland, Germany, Austria, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and France) and the United States of America and their mutual comparison is presented here as well.
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