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Phytopharmaceuticals Used in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tract
Zemanová, Eva ; Dušek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Candidate Mgr. Eva Zemanová Consultant Doc. RNDr. Jaroslav Dušek, CSc. Title of Thesis Phytopharmaceuticals used in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract This work aimed to critically evaluate the selected tea and proprietary products, which are used to treat gastrointestinal disease. In this work we evaluated three groups of tea and selected proprietary products, which are dividend into three groups as follows : Medicines used as laxatives, antidiarrhoeal drugs and a third group was focused on the treatment of digestive disorders (flatulence, anorexia). We also evaluated and compared pharmacopoeia, non pharmacopoeia tea blends and selected Proprietary Medicinal Products. We examinated the percentage of individual herbal drugs in tea mixtures and the representation of pharmacopoeia and non pharmacopoeia drugs.
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Fytofarmaka in Urologii
Kunhartová, Jana ; Dušek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Farmakognosie Candidate Mgr. Jana Kunhartová Consultant Doc.RNDr.Jaroslav Dušek,Csc. Title of Thesis Fytofarmaka in Urologii Následuje překlad abstraktu práce do anglického jazyka 1 Abstract The work is focused on Urology and diuretic tea combinations. At first the occurrence of Urinary tract's diseases are mapped in the case of individual age categories. And also in the case of both sex's biological differences. The text also includes phytotherapeutic view of the most using herbal drugs. Individual tea combinations are divided into three categories. They are mass produced, unofficial and official tea combinations. There is also percentage representation of individual herbal drugs and pharmacopoeia and non pharmacopoeia drugs, comparison of urological tea combinations in the numbers of containing drugs. The result of the work is summarized in tables and graphs in the end. The content of active substances is compared and also their effect on urological apparatus. In the end there is comparison of individual pharmacopoeial definitions and requirements
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Natural substances and their role in the prevention and treatment of cancer
Ali, Veronika ; Spilková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Dušek, Jaroslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Candidate: Mgr. Veronika Ali Consultant: Doc. RNDr. Jiřina Spilková, Csc. Title of Thesis: Natural substances and their role in the prevention and treatment of cancer A rigorous thesis is focused on natural substances used in the therapy or prevention of cancer. Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide, it is placed on the second place, followed by cardiovascular diseases. Basically, three main mechanisms are used in the treatment of cancer: surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Mostly the combination of these tree is applied. Chemotherapy is the treatment using cytostatics. There are natural cytostatics which can be devided into four groups: Vinca alkaloids, Taxanes, Podofylotoxin derivatives, camptothecin. Vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine, vinflunine, paclitaxel, docetaxel, etoposide, teniposide, topotecan and irinotecan are considered as the main representatives of these four groups. These substances have been already used to treat cancer and there are many products consisting of them registered in the Czech Republic. In addition to natural cytotoxics, other compounds are synthesized. These compounds enable wider therapeutic usage, smaller toxicity and reduced resistance....
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The heart is not just muscle. Ethical issues of interventional cardiology
Slanina, Petr ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Dušek, Jaroslav (referee)
Interventional cardiology is currently one of the fastest developing fields in modern medicine and it is therefore essential to consider its connection with ethical issues. Theoretical part of this thesis deals with interventional cardiology as a clinical discipline, introduces cardiac catheterization as a diagnostic and therapeutic method and traces the historical development of the field as well. It also outlines the ethical issues, dilemmas and problems that exist in invasive cardiology, as described in the literature. Some of them, such as the issue of informed consent and the impact of ratification of the Convention on Biomedicine, then in more detail. The author also intends to reflect the relationship of patients with doctors and the rest of the medical staff. In the empirical part the thesis deals with the knowledge of ethical issues among the paramedical staff working in the catheterization departments in the Czech republic and identifies the views of this staff on the selected ethical context in interventional cardiology. The thesis is using quantitative research methods. The results are showing that the level of ethical knowledge among non-physician staff employed in departments of invasive cardiology is rather low and some of their views related to the field of ethics are more or less...
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The legislature of the pharmacognostic drugs area.
Kunhartová, Jana ; Dušek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Jana Kunhartová The aim of this work is to summarize current laws and ordinances of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, concerning the medical plants issues. The work contains the facts about the laws and ordinances, which I compiled regarding their importance for the drugs or natural substances. The focus is on the development of the official drugs. I have compared the representation of particular drugs and particular galenical substances, which are made of natural materials, in the contents of the formularies from the Czechoslovakian medical codex 1 to the Czech medical codex 2005. The changes of gradually released codexes in our state naturally reflects the progress in the area of organic and analytic chemistry and in the technology of medicament preparation. Therefore is possible to observe a certain advancing from the usage of particular drugs to the usage of simple galenical products and the isolated substances. The medical formularies as the fundamental normative publications are further extended by the laws and ordinances. I have also focused on the laws given by the Government Institute of the Medical Control, which are related with the medicinal plants area. This work declares that a great amount of the medical codexes, laws and norms deal with the medical plants or the natural...
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Influence of patient's motion to dental ctcb scan
Ocásek, Filip ; Dušek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vítek, Stanislav (referee)
Patient is exposed to the X-ray radiation during the CT scan. It is harmful to the human body so it is in the best interest to try to expose the patient to the X-ray radiation for as short amount of time as possible. Even slight movement during the procedure influences the final result of the CT scan. Often the patient must undergo two or more scans before the doctor is able to come to a conclusion from the CT scan and diagnose the pacient. This bachelor thesis will inquire into the affects of patient body movement to the final CTCB scan. In addition it outlines a technique that could increase the sharpness of the CT scan using an X-ray contrast object which would be face- mounted. The final CTCB scan could be distributed to a separate layers and then integrated back together after calibration using the Feldkamp algorithm. This process would result in a higher fidelity CTCB scan. Patient exposure to the X-ray could be fundamentally reduced by using this calibration process. In that case patient would only need to take the CTCB scan once and even if he would moved we could easily calibrate the scan and diagnose the patient.
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Anthocyanins from some cultivars of Sambucus nigra L. fruits. II
Brychtová, Jana ; Spilková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Dušek, Jaroslav (referee)
The fruits of elderberry - Sambuci fructus are used in the pharmaceutical and food industry. Fruits contain anthocyanins and flavonoids in addition to cyanogenic glycoside sambunigrin, organic acids, vitamins, sugars. Fruits from cultivated varieties are not used in pharmaceutically yet. The content of anthocyanins in the fruits of Sambucus nigra L. varieties Alessö, Bohatka, Haschberg, Mammut, Sambo, Sambo, Samdal, Sampo, Samyl, Weihenstephan and wild elderberry was determined by spectrophotometry. The amount of anthocyanins was recalculated for dried fruits and expressed by percentage of cyanidin chloride. Cultivated varieties shown lower values of anthocyanins than wild elderberry excerpt for Samyl variety. Statistically significant differences were found between contents of anthocyanins of varieties.
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Anthocyanins in the fruit of Sambucus nigra L. cultivars - isolation and determination of antioxidant activity
Nehybová, Monika ; Spilková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Dušek, Jaroslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Candidate Mgr. Monika Nehybová Consultant Doc. RNDr. Jiřina Spilková, CSc. Title of Thesis Anthocyanins in the fruit of Sambucus nigra L. cultivars - isolation and determination of antioxidant activity The fruit of the European elderberry is rich in secondary metabolites such as anthocyanins and flavonoids. The fruit also contains vitamins, monosaccharides, saccharides and minerals. Thanks to these substances, the fruit possess antioxidant activity and it is used in the food and pharmaceutical industry. There are plenty of cultivars of this plant which differ in the content of the active substances and in antioxidant activity. This thesis comprised the assessment of fruit of Sambucus nigra L. including following cultivars: Samdal, Samyl, Haschberg, Weihenstephan, Pregarten, Reise aus Voloch, Körsör, Heidegg, Aurea and Dana. The group of anthocyanins was obtained by an extraction in acidified water in ultrasound water bath and by a chromatographic separation in a colon filled with a polyaromatic styrene-divinyl benzene resin. Antioxidant activity of anthocyanins was measured with the use of a free radical DPPH. The content of anthocyanins in the isolations and in the fruit of particular cultivars was...
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Influence of patient's motion to dental ctcb scan
Ocásek, Filip ; Dušek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vítek, Stanislav (referee)
Patient is exposed to the X-ray radiation during the CT scan. It is harmful to the human body so it is in the best interest to try to expose the patient to the X-ray radiation for as short amount of time as possible. Even slight movement during the procedure influences the final result of the CT scan. Often the patient must undergo two or more scans before the doctor is able to come to a conclusion from the CT scan and diagnose the pacient. This bachelor thesis will inquire into the affects of patient body movement to the final CTCB scan. In addition it outlines a technique that could increase the sharpness of the CT scan using an X-ray contrast object which would be face- mounted. The final CTCB scan could be distributed to a separate layers and then integrated back together after calibration using the Feldkamp algorithm. This process would result in a higher fidelity CTCB scan. Patient exposure to the X-ray could be fundamentally reduced by using this calibration process. In that case patient would only need to take the CTCB scan once and even if he would moved we could easily calibrate the scan and diagnose the patient.
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