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Industrial heat pump for the cooling circuit
Odehnal, Lukáš ; Kudela, Libor (referee) ; Kracík, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with the design of an industrial heat pump for the cooling circuit of a thermal power plant. The aim of the thesis is to analyze and optimize different heat pump technologies, especially compressor and absorption heat pumps, and their application to a specific case. The advantages and disadvantages of different working substances and their influence on efficiency and environmental impact are discussed. The chosen working substance for the compressor HP is the refrigerant R152a and for the absorption HP it is the water-lithium bromide solution. The design of the compressor HP consists of two parts, namely the design of an ideal cycle with a resulting heating factor of 3.81 and the subsequent revalidation with a resulting heating factor of 3.18. The revalidation is carried out under the design of the key components, where the resulting power input at the evaporator is 21.18 MW and the power output through the condenser to the CHSS system is 29.5 MW with an electrical input of the compressor of 9.27 MW. The second proposed absorption HP unit discharges 23.2 MW of thermal power to the CHSS system with a heating factor of 1.48 with an input circulating power of 43.37 MW and input power to the evaporator identical to that of the compressor. The absorption HP design also includes the use of a heat recovery heat exchanger, which increases the overall heating factor to 1.6 and reduces the delivered driving power to the cycle to 34.7 MW. The following is a comparison of the proposed HP units with their suitability depending closely on the specific operational options. The resulting cash flow for both options shows positive values, namely 347.1 million CZK for the compressor option and 209.1 million CZK for the absorption variant.
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Trends in renewable sources and in modern energy
Kotas, Tomáš ; Preisler, Lukáš (referee) ; Kudela, Libor (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources are categorized and extensively described, including the principles of their functions and basic parameters. The thesis further focuses on the development of the position of renewable energy sources over the years compared to non-renewable energy sources worldwide and in the Czech Republic. This development is monitored in terms of both electricity and heat. Statistics indicate that the share of renewable energy sources in both forms of energy is increasing. The thesis also analyzes the origin and course of discussions related to this issue, including climate change and international cooperation. Possible predictions and specific scenarios related to the energy vision are provided for both the Czech Republic and on a global scale within the thesis. All scenarios agree on the same future trend – an increasing share of renewable energy sources at the expense of non-renewable sources. In conclusion, the thesis addresses current trends in technologies in modern energy, with the most significant technological progress in recent years observed in the fields of electromobility, hydrogen, and CCUS. The final chapter discusses methods of energy storage.
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Systems reducing the energy dependency of buildings
Mařák, David ; Köbölová, Klaudia (referee) ; Kudela, Libor (advisor)
This thesis focuses on systems that reduce the energy dependence of buildings, such as heat pumps, photovoltaics, heat recovery, and the utilization of geothermal energy. The main objective of this work is to analyze individual methods and technologies aimed at optimizing energy efficiency. The thesis explores the impact of these systems on the sustainability and ecological footprint of buildings, combining a theoretical overview with practical cases to provide a comprehensive perspective on the subject.
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Design of a cryogenic exchanger for process gas liquefaction
Wittek, David ; Kudela, Libor (referee) ; Toman, Filip (advisor)
The energy density of liquid natural gas is more than five hundred times higher than in state of gas. A key component for its preparation is the heat exchanger, where the liquefaction takes place. The aim of this work is design of a condenser. Its implementation is like Giaque-Hampson type exchanger with a bundle of helical wound tubes. Technical solution for the device is proposend and various configuration of heat-carryig media placement are compared. Concepts with condensation inside the tubes and in the shell are studied. In addition to ensuring safe operation within the design conditions, there are fucused on minimizing the size of the equipment and the associated production costs.
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Passively discharged industrial sand heat accumulator
Urbánek, Štěpán ; Kudela, Libor (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis focuses on thermal energy storage in granular materials, primarily sand. The first part introduces the concept of thermal energy storage in granular materials, the structural design of this energy storage method, and its implementation. Subsequently, a concept of a passively discharged thermal energy storage system is developed for the premises of building C3 in the VUT FSI campus. Based on this concept, a detailed structural design is created, which is finally subjected to verification of temperature states. Finally, a technical and economic evaluation is performed.
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Boilers for solid fuel
Zezulka, Patrik ; Kudela, Libor (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the heating of houses with boilers for solid fuels. Thesis is divided into several parts. In the first part is dealt with most common solid fuels, their characteristics, composition and modifications for house heating. The second part is focused on solid fuel boilers, describes chosen boilers, their operation, their advantages and disadvantages. In the last part is economically assessed the suitability of selected solid fuel boilers for heating the model house.
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Heat exchanger design
Tatýrek, Lukáš ; Kudela, Libor (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The designed heat exchanger is part of a cogeneration unit, which I am considering as a possi-ble alternative for acquiring electrical and heat energy during heating season. The objective is to compile research about usable heat exchangers, pick a suitable technology for flue gas water application, calculate and design a heat exchange surface, calculate pressure drops and pro-cess the enclosed drawing documentation of the heat exchanger. For calculations, the recuper-ation gasket plate heat exchanger was chosen. The design of gaskets is nonstandard as it has been made for higher than usual temperatures. The result of this work is a heat exchanger with uncommon dimensions with a very low count of plates.
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„Smart cities“ and decentralized production of energy
Opátová, Alexandra ; Kudela, Libor (referee) ; Špiláček, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis describes the principles of decentralized energy sources, together with the advantages or challenges that concern the problem. The first chapter describes the concept of "smart city" and the field of use. There are also described options for modeling of urban areas as a unit. The second chapter focuses on the concept of decentralized power generation and the benefits that such a system can offer. The following chapters deal with cogeneration units and electricity storage options. The last chapter focuses on a issue of integrating decentralized power generation into the grid and compares various mathematical models and possibilities of regulation.
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Heat pump for resident heating
Abrahám, Jan ; Kudela, Libor (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the use of a heat pump for heating a family house. In the theoretical part of the thesis the principle of operation of the heat pump is introduced. This part also explains the coefficient of performance and describes the different types of heat pumps according to the heat source with their advantages and disadvantages. In the practical part the thermal losses of the selected building are calculated. The heating system is designed and finally the economical evaluation and the return of investment are determined.
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Design of heat exchanger
Kopřivová, Anna ; Kudela, Libor (referee) ; Milčák, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis discusses a design of the water-steam type heat exchanger. The nature of heat exchangers is based on increasing the efficiency of thermal circuits. At the beginning of the thesis, a principle of these thermal cycles, namely Carnot’s and Rankine-Clausius’s cycles are described. Furthermore, in this thesis, I deal with heat exchangers alone together with their basic distinction and more detailed description with a closer look at specific sorting of the heat exchangers regarding their construction, which means recuperative, regenerative and direct contact exchangers. Special attention is paid to tubular exchangers, which create the core of thermal computation. Closing part involves a design of a low-pressure tubular heater by means of assigned parameters of work substances at the input and the output.
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