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Stochastic discrete modeling of progressive damage of concrete structures
Kučera, Michal ; Sadílek, Václav (referee) ; Vořechovský, Miroslav (advisor)
The work focuses on the use of deterministic discrete modeling with representation of spatial randomness in material parameters to simulate a series of experimental tests of concrete specimens in the shape of a dog bone, loaded in excentric uniaxial tension. The main focus is on the influence of the size of the structure on its mechanical properties, especially nominal strength (Size effect). The specimens are modeled as a plane stress problem using available discrete computational methods.
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Analysis of concrete pipe using fracture-mechanical models
Bejček, Michal ; Šimonová, Hana (referee) ; Řoutil, Ladislav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on plain concrete pipe analysis in consideration of design problems. The introduction describes concrete pipe including imposed standards. The next part contains a summary of the calculation methods used nowadays. The thesis explores whether the fracture-mechanical calculation is sufficiently apt and therefore can be applied for the pipeline design. A number of pipe profile models was constructed and analysed for this purpose. The calculation based on the finite element method with applied crack band model was executed by software ATENA 2D. The crushing strength, which is compared to real tests data, is determined in models with altered input figures. The thesis also studies the negative effects on carrying capacity including material degradation.
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Effect of size impact on surface integrity while reaming with modern reaming head MT3
Rybařík, Jaroslav ; Kouřil, Karel (referee) ; Slaný, Martin (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to design, implement and evaluate an experiment that verifies the influence the size effect on selected parameters of the surface integrity. For the experiment were used highly productive reaming head MT3 made by HAM-FINAL. Evaluation of the surface integrity was done in terms of the characteristics of the surface roughness, geometric tolerances and changes in microstructure. Furthermore, the influence of the depth of chips evaluated for changes in the feed force, cutting torque and changes in specific cutting energy. The theoretical part deals with the description of the size effect, characteristic reaming, surface integrity, preparation of material and identification of highly productive MT3 reaming head.
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Multi-filament yarns testing for textile-reinforced concrete
Kaděrová, Jana ; Seitl,, Stanislav (referee) ; Vořechovský, Miroslav (advisor)
The scope of the presented master thesis was the experimental study of multi-filament yarns made of AR-glass and used for textile-reinforced concrete. The behavior under the tensile loading was investigated by laboratory tests. A high number of yarn specimens (over 300) of six different lengths (from 1 cm to 74 cm) was tested to obtain statistically significant data which were subsequently corrected and statistically processed. The numerical model of the multi-filament bundle was studied and applied for prediction of the yarn performance and for later results interpretation. The model of n parallel filaments describes the behavior of a bundle with varying parameters representing different sources of disorder of the response and provides the qualitative information about the influence of their randomization on the overall bundle response. The aim of the carried experiment was to validate the model presumptions and to identify the model parameters to fit the real load-displacement curves. Unfortunately, due to unsuccessful correction of measured displacements devalued by additional non-linear contribution of the unstiff experiment device the load-displacement diagrams were not applicable to model parameters identification. The statistical evaluation was carried only for the maximal load values and the effect of the specimen size (length) on its strength was demonstrated. The size effect curve did not exclude the existence of spatial correlation of material mechanical properties modifying the classical statistical Weibull theory.
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Determination of Fracture Mechanical Characteristics From Sub-Size Specimens
Stratil, Luděk ; Džugan, Jan (referee) ; Haušild, Petr (referee) ; Dlouhý, Ivo (advisor)
The standards of fracture toughness determination prescribe size requirements for size of test specimens. In cases of limited amount of test material miniature test specimens offer one from the possibilities of fracture toughness evaluation. Because of small loaded volumes in these specimens at the crack tip the loss of constraint occur affecting measured values of fracture toughness. In such cases the size requirements for valid fracture toughness characteristics determination are not fulfilled. These specimens can be even on limits of load range of test devices and handle manipulation by their small dimensions. The important task related to these specimens is, apart from methodology of their preparation and measurement of deformations, the interpretation of measured values of fracture toughness and their possible correction to standard test specimens. Moreover, in the upper shelf region of fracture toughness quantification and interpretation of size effects is still not resolved sufficiently. This thesis is by its aims experimentally computational study focused on evaluation of size effect on fracture toughness in the upper shelf region. The size effect was quantified by testing of miniature and large specimens’ sizes in order to determine J R curves. Two geometries of miniature test specimens, there point bend specimen and CT specimen, were used. The experimental materials were advanced steels developed for applications in nuclear and power industry, Eurofer97 steel and ODS steel MA956. Finite elements analyses of realized tests together with application of micromechanical model of ductile fracture were carried out in order to evaluate stress strain fields at the crack tip in tested specimens from Eurofer97 steel. By comparison of experimental results and numerical simulations of J R curves the mutual dependencies between geometry of specimens and element sizes at the crack tip were derived. On the basis of acquired relationships, the methodology of J R curve prediction for standard specimen size from limited amount of test material was proposed. Main contribution of thesis is description of effect of material’s fracture toughness level on resistance against ductile crack propagation in miniature specimens. For material where significant crack growth occurs after exceeding the limit values of J integral (Eurofer97), the loss of constraint is considerable and highly decreases resistance against tearing. Miniature specimens then show significantly lower J R curves in comparison with standard size specimens. This effect is the opposite to the behaviour of miniature specimens in transition region. In case of material with low toughness, in which significant crack growth occurs in the region of J integral validity (ODS MA956), the effect of constraint loss is small without large impact on resistance against tearing. In such case miniature specimens demonstrate comparable J R curves as specimens of larger sizes. Next important contribution is proposed methodology for prediction of J R curve from small amount of test material using micromechanical modeling.
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Fracture toughness testing at high temperature range using miniaturized CT specimens
Lokvenc, Martin ; Chlup, Zdeněk (referee) ; Stratil, Luděk (advisor)
This thesis deals with a high temperature testing of fracture toughness and studies the size effect on measured values using miniature size CT specimen. Two types of specimen geometry were manufactured from P91 steel, the standard size and the quarter size specimen. J-R curves were obtained in the temperature range from 23°C to 600°C. No specimen size effect was observed at room temperature tests. The realized experiments together with fractography analysis demonstrated the drop of toughness at 400°C caused by the effect of dynamic strain aging.
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Optimization of magnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia in viscous environments
Sojková, Tereza ; Fabián,, Martin (referee) ; Hovorka,, Ondrej (referee) ; Gröger, Roman (advisor)
Jednodoménové superparamagnetické nanočástice oxidu železa hrají významnou roli v magnetické hypertermii, což je slibná terapeutická metoda, která může potenciálně léčit jakýkoli druh nádoru. Je obecně známo, že rakovinné buňky jsou citlivější na zvýšenou teplotu než buňky zdravé. Léčba rakoviny hypertermií se opírá o tuto skutečnost. Aplikace střídavého magnetického pole s frekvencemi o stovkách kHz způsobí rozptyl energie z nanočástic (10-50 nm) do okolní tkáně. Klíčovým parametrem, který určuje účinnost nanočástic, je specifická rychlost absorpce (SAR), která je komplexní funkcí tvaru, velikosti a povlaku těchto částic. Mimo to, je délka expozice AC polem omezena tendencí nanočástic k agregaci při použití in vivo. Cílem této práce je vyvinout protokol syntézy pro přípravu nanočástic oxidů železa o stejné velikosti, které vykazují vysoké hodnoty SAR a dobrou koloidní stabilitu. Nanočástice byly připraveny dvěma typy chemické syntézy, precipitací a tepelným rozkladem, a vliv reakčních podmínek na velikost, tvar a magnetické vlastnosti těchto nanočástic byl pečlivě prozkoumán. Tepelný rozklad se ukázal jako vhodnější varianta pro přípravu jednovelikostních nanočástic oxidů železa, kde byly podrobněji zkoumány zejména nanokrychle typu jádro-obálka. Jejich velikost, stupeň polydisperzity, koloidní stabilita a morfologie byly studovány dynamickým rozptylem světla ve spojení s transmisní a skenovací elektronovou mikroskopií. Fázové složení nanočástic bylo charakterizováno práškovou rentgenovou difrakcí a Mössbauerovou spektroskopií a spektroskopií ztráty energie elektronů. Rentgenová difrakce byla rovněž použita ke studiu fázových transformací v nanočásticích typu jádro-obálka. Jejich magnetické vlastnosti byly zkoumány pomocí vibrační magnetometrie a elektronové holografie. U nanočástic typu jádro-obálka byl posuzován take jejich aplikační potenciál pro použití při magnetické hypertermii, zobrazování technikou MPI a pro použití jako kontrast při magnetické rezonanci. Tato práce rozšiřuje znalosti o nanočásticích oxidu železa v závislosti na velikosti pro biomedicínské aplikace. Výsledky pro 20 nm nanokrychle po úplné fázové transformaci ukazují velmi dobré možnosti ohřevu pro použití při magnetické hypertermii a třikrát vyšší MPI signál ve srovnání s komerčně používaným indikátorem VivotraxTM.
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Stochastic discrete modeling of progressive damage in concrete structures
Kučera, Michal ; Sadílek, Václav (referee) ; Vořechovský, Miroslav (advisor)
The work focuses on the statistical strength of structures made of quasi-brittle ma- terials, specifically concrete. Special attention is paid to the influence of the size of the structure on strength and on the entire process of material failure during loading. The mechanics of these processes are modeled using discrete models, and these models are also considered in a probabilistic variant with spatially variable material parameters. Spatial variability is then modeled using random fields. The work clarifies the effect of diffuse damage in the volume of the structure before reaching the maximum load on the further course of dissipative processes, especially on the shape of the fracture process zone and subsequently on its interaction with the random variability of material parame- ters in eccentrically drawn dogbone-shaped bodies. In addition to the tools of stochastic computer fracture mechanics, an analytical model based on averaging and subsequent analysis of the minimum of the random field is presented
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