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Building Life Cycle Costs
Bohadlová, Darina ; Marková,, Leonora (referee) ; Korytárová, Jana (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the life-cycle cost of the building for teaching and research. The theoretical part deals with the introduction of life-cycle cost method. A description ofdetermining life-cycle cost and procedure of processing. In the practical part of the budgetis prepared surveyed the building, which is divided into functional parts and the fixed costs of repair and reconstruction over the lifetime of the building. At the end of life are roughlydetermined the cost of demolition and waste removal. This whole process is summarized in the table, which sets the cost of operating the building throughout its life.
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Environmental Assessment of Residential Building Renovations
Struhala, Karel ; Ostrý, Milan (referee) ; Lupíšek,, Antonín (referee) ; Košíčková, Ivana (advisor)
One of the methods utilized for quantification of environmental impacts of human activities is Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA). This dissertation applies the method on renovations of residential buildings in the Czech Republic. The reason is high potential for environmental savings in existing building stock and lack of such works in the Czech conditions. Therefore the dissertation deals with LCA of building renovations to increase the knowledge in this field. Moreover it also questions and evaluates accuracy of building LCA in general to increase understanding of differences and inaccuracies that are often admitted, but seldom analysed in literature. The dissertation includes five LCAs of two case studies: a block-of-flats in Brno and a terraced house in a nearby village. First case study includes LCAs of the original state and renovation of the block-of-flats. The second case study describes LCAs of the original state, partial reconstruction or demolition and new construction of the terraced house. The LCAs are performed in two software tools: Eco-Bat 4.0 and GaBi 4. Detailed models of the evaluated buildings are based on available designs. Environmental impacts are calculated in four impact categories predefined in Eco-Bat 4.0 to enable comparison of results: Ecological Scarcity, Cumulative Energy Demand (or Primary Energy in GaBi 4), Non-Renewable Energy and Global Warming Potential. The accuracy of the performed LCAs is tested in up to 324 different scenario combinations considering variable service life of building materials, construction waste quantities, waste management and transport distances. Generally, the results confirm environmental efficiency of building renovations. The renovation of block-of-flats results in 17.39% average reduction of total environmental impacts. Demolition and new construction of the terraced house result in 76.83% average savings. However, the variation of results is rather high due to tested scenario combinations: up to 56.06%.
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Ecological evaluation and labeling of electrical products
Kantorová, Aneta ; Šteffan, Pavel (referee) ; Szendiuch, Ivan (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the possibilities of reducing the negative effects of electrical products on the environment. After a general description of the current state, including activities aimed at awarding environmental labels, attention is focused on the possibilities of ecological evaluation of electrical products. Legislation according to the standards of the ISO 14020 series is applied for this that are focused on three possibilities of awarding eco-labels. In the practical part a procedure for awarding the ECO mark according to the ISO 14021 standard is proposed. This could be granted by the manufacturers themselves on compliance with the prescribed conditions as in the case of the declaration of conformity for the CE marking.
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The influence of energy mix on environmental impacts of waste management
Dočekalová, Veronika ; Kočí, Vladimír (advisor) ; Trecáková, Tatiana (referee)
This paper presents energy mix of Czech Republic and its effects on environmental impacts of waste management. Three technologies: landfilling without energy recovery and landfilling and incineration with energy recovery are assessed using LCA. Results for 1 t of mixed municipal waste are compared in 9 impact categories: abiotic depletion, acidification, eutrophication, global warming, ozone layer depletion, photochemical ozone creation, human toxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity. Landfilling without energy recovery was evaluated as the most harmful technology to the environment, incineration as the most environmentally-friendly one. The use of Czech energy mix made impacts of the energy recovery technologies look lower, contrary to burdens of landfill without energy recovery that resulted higher. The influence of energy mix composition change is discussed further.
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LCA of NATM tunnel stamping method
Pokorná, Alice ; Kočí, Vladimír (advisor) ; Trecáková, Tatiana (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the environmental impacts of NATM tunnelling method using the assembly of LCA studies. Construction sector still has large potential for advancement, and therefore is a subject of interest for also for LCA studies. Underground constructions applies more with growing demands for space in infrastructure. If sustainable growth in construction is desired, it's important to have an idea about the environmental impacts of this sector. Sustainable growth requires methods and tools for measurement and comparison of impacts of human activities on the environment. These tools are provided by LCA studies, which also allow a proactive approach. The advantage of LCA is a preview of the entire life cycle of the product, so there is no shifting of problems between the individual stages of the product's life cycle. LCA study of cradle-to-gate type was selected to evaluate New Austrian tunnelling method. LCA study was done for one tunnel, length 850m with cross-section surface of 13,46m2 excavated by the NATM method, realized over the course of 18 months. GaBi 6 software tool was used for making of this study. Results show that the most important emission sources of NATM tunnelling method are production of cement, dumping of excavated material, production of reinforcing steel...
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Life cycle assessment of buildings
Mrkvičková, Kristýna ; Kočí, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hák, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on life cycle assessment of building construction. All impacts will be modeled on residential house in professional LCA software. Every single component of the building was evaluated with regard to their impact on enviroment. The output list each category of indicators and evaluation of the impact. It shows which environmental categories are most affected by building and where it would be useful to optimizme it. The family house presented by the typical new building was chosen for evaluation process. The product system was simulated by the GaBi 4 software tool, then it was evaluated using the impact categories of the CML 2001 - Nov. 09 characterization model. The theoretical part deals with the LCA methodology, explains the different stages and describes categories of impact. Furthermore, the global trends are discussed in terms of assessing the building lifecycle. At the end, the LCA study has shown that the biggest influence on the environment is caused by the service life of a product's lifecycle and water treatment contributes the most on this result.
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Ecological evaluation and labeling of electrical products
Kantorová, Aneta ; Šteffan, Pavel (referee) ; Szendiuch, Ivan (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the possibilities of reducing the negative effects of electrical products on the environment. After a general description of the current state, including activities aimed at awarding environmental labels, attention is focused on the possibilities of ecological evaluation of electrical products. Legislation according to the standards of the ISO 14020 series is applied for this that are focused on three possibilities of awarding eco-labels. In the practical part a procedure for awarding the ECO mark according to the ISO 14021 standard is proposed. This could be granted by the manufacturers themselves on compliance with the prescribed conditions as in the case of the declaration of conformity for the CE marking.
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Environmental Assessment of Residential Building Renovations
Struhala, Karel ; Ostrý, Milan (referee) ; Lupíšek,, Antonín (referee) ; Košíčková, Ivana (advisor)
One of the methods utilized for quantification of environmental impacts of human activities is Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA). This dissertation applies the method on renovations of residential buildings in the Czech Republic. The reason is high potential for environmental savings in existing building stock and lack of such works in the Czech conditions. Therefore the dissertation deals with LCA of building renovations to increase the knowledge in this field. Moreover it also questions and evaluates accuracy of building LCA in general to increase understanding of differences and inaccuracies that are often admitted, but seldom analysed in literature. The dissertation includes five LCAs of two case studies: a block-of-flats in Brno and a terraced house in a nearby village. First case study includes LCAs of the original state and renovation of the block-of-flats. The second case study describes LCAs of the original state, partial reconstruction or demolition and new construction of the terraced house. The LCAs are performed in two software tools: Eco-Bat 4.0 and GaBi 4. Detailed models of the evaluated buildings are based on available designs. Environmental impacts are calculated in four impact categories predefined in Eco-Bat 4.0 to enable comparison of results: Ecological Scarcity, Cumulative Energy Demand (or Primary Energy in GaBi 4), Non-Renewable Energy and Global Warming Potential. The accuracy of the performed LCAs is tested in up to 324 different scenario combinations considering variable service life of building materials, construction waste quantities, waste management and transport distances. Generally, the results confirm environmental efficiency of building renovations. The renovation of block-of-flats results in 17.39% average reduction of total environmental impacts. Demolition and new construction of the terraced house result in 76.83% average savings. However, the variation of results is rather high due to tested scenario combinations: up to 56.06%.
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Life cycle assessment of landfilling
Kosová, Kristýna ; Kočí, Vladimír (advisor) ; Trecáková, Tatiana (referee)
This thesis is focused on the method of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Waste Management in the Czech Republic. The aim of this work is creation of landfill model and evaluate the main material, energy and elementary streams with influence on the environment. The output is an overview of each impact indicator, assessment most affected environmental categories by landfilling. and where is appropriate the optimization. The thesis consists of two parts, theoretical and experimental. The theoretical part deals generally about LCA, landfilling and municipal waste, their production and the possibilities of further handling them. In the experimental part is evaluated and compare the impact of 1 tonne lanfilling waste per 1 calendar year on several Czech landfills. The next was created average landfill model and its comparison with database models. Key words Landfill, Life Cycle Assessment, Waste Management, Municipal solid waste
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LCA of NATM tunnel stamping method
Pokorná, Alice ; Kočí, Vladimír (advisor) ; Trecáková, Tatiana (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the environmental impacts of NATM tunnelling method using the assembly of LCA studies. Construction sector still has large potential for advancement, and therefore is a subject of interest for also for LCA studies. Underground constructions applies more with growing demands for space in infrastructure. If sustainable growth in construction is desired, it's important to have an idea about the environmental impacts of this sector. Sustainable growth requires methods and tools for measurement and comparison of impacts of human activities on the environment. These tools are provided by LCA studies, which also allow a proactive approach. The advantage of LCA is a preview of the entire life cycle of the product, so there is no shifting of problems between the individual stages of the product's life cycle. LCA study of cradle-to-gate type was selected to evaluate New Austrian tunnelling method. LCA study was done for one tunnel, length 850m with cross-section surface of 13,46m2 excavated by the NATM method, realized over the course of 18 months. GaBi 6 software tool was used for making of this study. Results show that the most important emission sources of NATM tunnelling method are production of cement, dumping of excavated material, production of reinforcing steel...
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