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Study of water flow and geochemical processes in the unsaturated zone of carbonate and salt karst
Kamas, Jiří ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee) ; Buzek, František (referee)
Water flow and geochemical processes within the unsaturated zone (UZ) in two distinct types of karst environment were investigated using natural tracers (chemistry, stable isotopes 13 C, 18 O, 2 H, and 3 H, 14 C, 87 Sr/86 Sr). The extent of horizontal flow component and the response of drip water chemistry to recharge events were examined in the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic), while the character of water flow and its chemistry were studied in salt diapirs in southeastern part of the Zagros mountains (Iran). Under the conditions of well-developed epikarst, the horizontal flow component, defined as Hmax/T (Hmax = horizontal migration component, T - thickness of VZ) typically reaches values of 0.1 - 0.6 (Moravian and Slovenian Karst). However, in areas where epikarst was stripped off by glacial or human activity, the proportion of horizontal flow component is far greater (Hmax/T 1.6 - 24). This parameter is vital for the design of water source protection zones above caves. Nitrate mean residence time in 120 m thick VZ of the Moravian karst exceeded 16 years. The VZ above the Ochoz Cave (Moravian Karst) represents a semi-open to open system with respect to soil CO2. Under a high drip rate (high flow), the event water only made 5% of the total. During the year, water degassing and so called prior...
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Flow and mean residence time in karst unsaturated zone (Ochoz Cave, Moravian Karst)
Vysoká, Helena ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Buzek, František (referee) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee)
Flow and mean residence time in epikarst and unsaturated zone was studied above the Ochoz cave in the Moravian Karst. I studied various flow components with different residence time in unsaturated zone and the influence of soil and epikarst on seepage composition and residence time by means of several methods (longterm monitoring of conductivity, flowrate of seepage and soil water, use of environmental tracers - 18 O, 3 H, CFC and SF6, flow into the soil and detailed sampling during intesive rain events). Seepage sites Kašna in the Rudické propadání cave system and Mapa Republiky in Býčí skála were reference localities in unsaturated zone. For comparison I modeled residence time in saturated zone: at Kaprálka outlet close to the Ochoz cave, at Stará řeka (Rudické propadání) and Konstantní přítok (Amatérská cave). Mean residence time in unsaturated zone above the Ochoz cave reaches 7 - 20 years, while it is only few months in the soil (1 - 8 months, depending on the depth). At Kašna seepage site, the reasidence time is similar to the Ochoz cave - about 18 - 20 years, at Mapa republiky seepage site, it reaches 150s year due to unusual geological settings. Mean residence time in order of 10 - 20 years corresponds to storativity values (0.6 % in average) calculated from parallel water level recession...
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Study of water flow and geochemical processes in the unsaturated zone of carbonate and salt karst
Kamas, Jiří ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee) ; Buzek, František (referee)
Water flow and geochemical processes within the unsaturated zone (UZ) in two distinct types of karst environment were investigated using natural tracers (chemistry, stable isotopes 13 C, 18 O, 2 H, and 3 H, 14 C, 87 Sr/86 Sr). The extent of horizontal flow component and the response of drip water chemistry to recharge events were examined in the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic), while the character of water flow and its chemistry were studied in salt diapirs in southeastern part of the Zagros mountains (Iran). Under the conditions of well-developed epikarst, the horizontal flow component, defined as Hmax/T (Hmax = horizontal migration component, T - thickness of VZ) typically reaches values of 0.1 - 0.6 (Moravian and Slovenian Karst). However, in areas where epikarst was stripped off by glacial or human activity, the proportion of horizontal flow component is far greater (Hmax/T 1.6 - 24). This parameter is vital for the design of water source protection zones above caves. Nitrate mean residence time in 120 m thick VZ of the Moravian karst exceeded 16 years. The VZ above the Ochoz Cave (Moravian Karst) represents a semi-open to open system with respect to soil CO2. Under a high drip rate (high flow), the event water only made 5% of the total. During the year, water degassing and so called prior...
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Flow and mean residence time in karst unsaturated zone (Ochoz Cave, Moravian Karst)
Vysoká, Helena ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Buzek, František (referee) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee)
Flow and mean residence time in epikarst and unsaturated zone was studied above the Ochoz cave in the Moravian Karst. I studied various flow components with different residence time in unsaturated zone and the influence of soil and epikarst on seepage composition and residence time by means of several methods (longterm monitoring of conductivity, flowrate of seepage and soil water, use of environmental tracers - 18 O, 3 H, CFC and SF6, flow into the soil and detailed sampling during intesive rain events). Seepage sites Kašna in the Rudické propadání cave system and Mapa Republiky in Býčí skála were reference localities in unsaturated zone. For comparison I modeled residence time in saturated zone: at Kaprálka outlet close to the Ochoz cave, at Stará řeka (Rudické propadání) and Konstantní přítok (Amatérská cave). Mean residence time in unsaturated zone above the Ochoz cave reaches 7 - 20 years, while it is only few months in the soil (1 - 8 months, depending on the depth). At Kašna seepage site, the reasidence time is similar to the Ochoz cave - about 18 - 20 years, at Mapa republiky seepage site, it reaches 150s year due to unusual geological settings. Mean residence time in order of 10 - 20 years corresponds to storativity values (0.6 % in average) calculated from parallel water level recession...
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