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Analysis of nurses' knowledge in newborn resuscitation
Žáková, Jana ; Průšová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hromádková, Jaroslava (referee)
The present Bachelor thesis ,,The analysis of nurses' knowledge in resuscitation of newborn", focuses on the evaluation of the level of knowledge of nurses working in neonatal wards and delivery rooms. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part of the thesis provides a comprehensive overview of information on the classification of the newborn, conditions requiring resuscitation, postpartum adaptation and the first treatment of the newborn. The theoretical part of the thesis deals in detail with the procedure of neonatal resuscitation and post-resuscitation care according to the latest recommendations of the European and Czech Resuscitation Council. The aim of the empirical part of the thesis is to compare the obtained analysis of the knowledge of nurses of selected specialist departments, namely Thomayer Hospital and Bulovka Hospital. The method for obtaining data was a quantitative research using a questionnaire of own construction, which had 26 closed questions. Of these, 20 were aimed at verifying the knowledge of nurses in neonatal wards and delivery rooms. 120 questionnaires were distributed and the return rate was 81.66%, thus 98 questionnaires were analyzed. The results of the research showed statistically significant difference only according to...
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Procedural pain in children in intensive care
Duchoň, Jan ; Javůrková, Alena (advisor) ; Sedlářová, Petra (referee)
Diploma thesis Proecdural pain in children in intensive care 11 ABSTRACT Background: This diploma thesis deals with the effect of the pharmacological approach of the topical anesthetic EMLA and the non-pharmacological approach of visual distract- ion on self-reported procedural pain and fear during the insertion of a peripheral venous catheter (appr. PVC) in children aged up 2 to 8 years in the intensive care environment. Objectives: The aim of the theoretical part of this thesis was to provide a systematic review of relevant studies that dealt with the effects of pharmacological and non-pharma- cological interventions used in the procedural pain and fear management in children aged up 6 to 18 years during the PVC insertion. The objective of the empirical part of the thesis was to determine whether the use of the topical anesthetic EMLA in children aged up 8 to 18 years undergoing PVC insertion is more effective in reducing procedural pain and fear than visual distraction and whether the level of procedural pain in these children with regard on the provided therapy is influenced by sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in five relevant databases on PRISMA parameters. N = 16 randomized trials were included in the systematic review. In the pros- pective,...
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Nurse's specific role in communicating with family members in intensive care - supporting loved ones and relatives
Kolníková, Daniela ; Trnková, Ivana (advisor) ; Sekorová, Jitka (referee)
The purpose of the thesis was to map the conditions and barriers of nurses in communicating with relatives and survivors of patients hospitalized in intensive care units and intensive care units with the aim of creating a manual on the principles of proper communication between nurses and patient relatives, which will be of practical use in the daily practice of nurses. It will be applicable in all types of hospital wards. However, we anticipate that it will be of greatest benefit to nurses in intensive care units. For the purpose of the work, we have chosen the method of quantitative research conducted in the form of a non-standardized electronic questionnaire of our own design. We identified the communication situations that nurses subjectively perceived as the most stressful. These are mainly situations closely related to the patient's irreversible condition or death. This finding led us to give increased attention in the handbook to the experience of grieving relatives and the approach to them. We also concluded that the level of concern nurses have about communicating with a patient's relatives decreases in direct proportion to the increasing age of nurses and the associated length of experience in the field. In view of these findings, we recommend that the handbook be designed primarily for...
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Influence of early antibiotic treatment on lower airway microbial colonisation in patients receiving mechanical ventilation
Kroupová, Alžběta ; Duška, František (advisor) ; Kukol, Václav (referee)
AJ Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant source of morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Its development is preceded by colonization of the lower respiratory tract with pathogenic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to investigate how antibiotic therapy administered for non-pulmonary infections affects the colonization of the lower respiratory tract compared to patients not receiving antibiotics. The hypothesis is that antibiotic treatment reduces colonization of the lower respiratory tract but increases the occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study conducted on critically ill patients hospitalized at the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady. This study is part of an ongoing project aimed at improving the quality of care and preventing VAP in intensive care unit patients. Patients had to meet certain criteria: they had to be on mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, have no pre-existing pulmonary diseases upon hospital admission, and not be immunocompromised. The primary outcome was the difference in the proportion of patients with positive microbiological...
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Principles of preparation and administration of selected Medicaments in the Intensive Care
ZÁRUBA, Petr
According to the European Union, medication errors are among the most common adverse events connected with the provision of healthcare services. The safety of nursing care is a basic indicator of the quality of health care providers. One of the basic activities of general nurses is the preparation and administration of medicines, during which, especially in intensive care, even the slightest non-compliance can harm the patient. When preparing and administering medicines it is therefore essential that general nurses consistently follow safety regulations, internal guidelines of health care providers, recommendations of the World Health Organization and national nursing standards, which can effectively prevent potential errors. In clinical practice general nurses may not adhere to these measures for a variety of reasons, so it is important to establish and analyse them. In the theoretical part, the legislative framework for the preparation and administration of medicines in the Czech Republic is defined. This part also describes general principles of handling medicines connected with the problem of medication errors in the context of the quality of health services and defines forms of medicines and their application methods. The practical part of the paper sets out to determine what knowledge nurses working in intensive care have, whether they apply this knowledge in their work process and whether they observe failings of their colleagues relating to the preparation and administration of medicines. With this in mind, four hypotheses and six research questions were established. A quantitative method, non-standardised questionnaire technique was used to collect data. After the quantitative method, the method of qualitative investigation by observation and the technique of an in-depth semi-structured interview were conducted. The research population comprised non-medical health care workers (general nurses and paramedics) working in anaesthesiology-resuscitation departments and intensive care units of district-type hospitals. The quantitative data was processed using descriptive statistics with tables and graphs, while the qualitative data was processed using charts and diagrams.
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Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Intensive Care from the Perspective of Nurses
KRAJÍCOVÁ, Dominika
This diploma thesis deals with the work of nurses taking care of patients in intensive care during hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The theoretical part of this thesis summarizes current knowledge in the field of hyperbaric medicine. The practical part of the thesis applies to the particular experiences of nurses, which accompany the patients during therapy. The thesis studies how the nurses are trained, how they prepare the patient, and how they perceive the work in hyperbaric conditions. The nurses work in two different workplaces, which are compared.
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The importance of pronation position in the care of patients with Acute respiratory distress syndrome
ARNOŠTOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor thesis deals with the prone position, which is used as a method for treating patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The aim of this work is to show the importance of the prone position for patients with ARDS from the point of view of a non-medical healthcare worker and to determine the obstacles posed by applying this position. The theoretical part is based on studying the professional literature and professional journals, and dividing data into individual chapters. The individual chapters deal with the definition of the terms acute respiratory distress and the prone position. This followed by the causes of ARDS, which are described in individual chapters, ARDS treatment, which also includes the use of the prone and semi-prone position, and the particularities of nursing care. The practical part of the bachelor thesis is focused on evaluating the answers to the research questions which were asked using a qualitative research strategy. The data were obtained through interviews with non-medical health professionals from the anaesthesiology and resuscitation department at the hospital in České Budějovice who, during their training in this department, have experienced the use of the prone position in practice. The data obtained were analysed by open coding and subsequently categorized into individual categories. Finally, it was possible to evaluate the aim of the bachelor thesis and draw some conclusions. The results of the research show that the prone position became a widely used method of ARDS treatment during the Covid-19 pandemic. The prone position is used for patients with Covid-19 when all the therapeutic options have been exhausted and the use of the prone position is the last hope to save their lives.
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Cultural competences of nurses in intensive nursing care
BALOUNOVÁ, Lucie
The goal of this thesis with the name "Cultural Competence of Nurses in Intensive Nursing Care" is to analyze the cultural competence of intensive nursing care. Based on this topic, two questions have been created: "What is the cultural competence of nurses in intensive nursing care" and "Which cultural challenges do nurses face in intensive nursing care?" The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on the characteristics of multicultural nursing care, defining basic concepts that are associated with this topic. It also describes various nursing care models about multicultural nursing care, along with communication and the challenges associated with specific minorities. There is also a chapter that focuses on the characteristics of intensive care and the specifics of communication with patients. The empirical part of this thesis was written in a qualitative form, comprising of interviews that gathered data based on thirty-two questions and a few sub-questions. The introduction had three questions collecting personal information of the interviewees, then another twenty-nine questions followed with thirteen sub-questions that focused on the nursing care of patients of minority groups, the specifics of transcultural nursing care, educating nurses about this topic and how much experience did they have with this topic. If necessary, further questions were asked. The whole interview was done so that it would be able to provide answers to our study questions that were made ahead of time and to also provide a picture of how nurses handle intensive care in patients of minority groups. We asked a total of ten general nurses who at the time of this study worked in intensive care, either at a department of anesthesiology and resuscitation, intensive care department or intermediate care. The interviews were then processed with open code and coloring text. In order to make the results of the study easier to understand, they have been divided and presented into four categories and ten subcategories. The categories clearly describe the experiences and thoughts of nurses. The results provide a holistic view on transcultural nursing care in intensive care. Based on this study, transcultural nursing care is becoming even more significant in today's society and it is important to not just focus on the education of nurses regarding this topic, but also to teach foreign languages, because language barriers are one of the most common obstacles nurses must face. This work may serve as educational material not just for students of healthcare professions, but also for nurses working in intensive care. The results alone point to shortcomings and problems associated with providing a culturally competent care and may contribute to improving this specific topic.
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Selected nursing services in the context of Evidence Based Nursing
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Gabriela
The thesis deals with the issue of selected nursing processes in the context of Evidence Based Nursing. The process in question is the care of central venous entry and peripherally placed central entry in relation to the incidence and prevention of central line associated infections. One of the aims of this paper is to map and analyse information on central line entry care. Other objectives are to determine which central line entry care is most effective in relation to infection incidence and to provide an overview of the interventions provided in central line care that are absolutely necessary and essential. The thesis is divided into several chapters which are structured around Evidence Based Nursing. The chapter describing the current state of the art outlines Evidence Based Nursing, invasive admissions and catheter infection. Chapters dealing with the education of general nurses in relation to central line nursing competency are presented, the area of infection and its prevention, the site and method of central line insertion, the type and characteristics of the central line catheter, dressing and draping techniques, disinfection, and the issue of flushing and needleless entry are discussed. The last chapter reviews education, care training and training in the care of central venous accesses. The information sources were searched from all over the Word in scientific databases. Several recommendations for practice have been established based on the development of this thesis. The thesis can be used as educational material and be an inspiration in the issues of different practices and education in this field.
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The role of the nurse in the system of early search for critical ill patients
BOUŠOVÁ, Adéla
The diploma thesis is focused on the role of nurses in the system of early search for critically ill patients in intensive care units. The Czech healthcare system still does not place the emphasis on the system of early search for the critically ill as it should. Knowledge of the issue can improve the quality of health care and reduce the mortality of critically ill patients who suddenly enter a life-threatening condition, but with knowledge of the issue, a life-threatening condition could have been prevented. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis consists of five chapters and several subchapters. The first chapter focuses on the critically ill, the second chapter on the monitoring of the critically ill, the third chapter on technical equipment in intensive care, the fourth chapter on the role of nurses in intensive care and the last chapter deals with the system of early search for critically ill patients. Three goals were set for the diploma thesis, namely to map the roles of nurses, how nurses are involved and whether they are educated in the issue of early search for critically ill patients. The practical part was processed by a qualitative survey in the form of semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed in the form of "paper pencil" by the method of open coding. The practical part was divided into four categories and then into subcategories. For clarity and clarity, the categories and subcategories have been visualized in diagrams. Based on the set goals of the diploma thesis, three research questions were set. The first research question dealt with the roles represented by nurses in the system of early search for critically ill patients. The second research question was how nurses are involved in the system of early search for critically ill patients. The third research question deals with the way of lifelong education of nurses in the system of early search for critically ill patients. The set goals of the diploma thesis were met.
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