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Zhodnocení zdravotního stavu dřevin na vybraných plochách Obecních lesů Ostrov (okr. Ústí nad Orlicí)
Starý, Pavel
The bachelor thesis evaluates the health status of trees in the Ostrov Municipal Forests in the district of Ústí nad Orlicí. The monitoring was carried out from October 2021 to December 2022 using the field method in two areas. The hard-to-determine fungal pathogen species found were sampled for laboratory determination. A total of 11 fungal pathogens were found, with the most important species being pine blister blight (Lophodermium pinastri), spruce budworm (Armillaria ostoyae) and alder blight (Phytophthora alni). Among insect pests, the spruce budworm (Ips typografus) and the alder weevil (Agelestica alni) were detected on alders. The stands of the Ostrov Municipal Forest are in a satisfactory state of health despite the presence of these fungal pathogens and insects.
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Detekce a identifikace patogenu zeleniny
Gomelská, Klára
Sclerotium cepivorum is a pathogenic fungus causing a serious plant disease called white rot. The sclerotia of this fungus remain viable in soil without a host for up to 20 years which makes the pathogen one of the most serious threats to plants. The ability to detect and identify the pathogen is essential for effective disease management. This bachelor's thesis describes the molecular-genetic and morphological characterization of fungal pathogens, focusing especially on Sclerotium cepivorum and their detection and identification. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis, four combinations of primers were tested for the detection and identification of the fungus Sclerotium cepivorum. Of the four available primer combinations, one suitable was selected and then used for testing of 28 onion and garlic samples and the detection of infection.
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Zhodnocení četnosti a významu bazálních infekcí u jasanů oslabených patogenní houbou Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
Fuchs, Ladislav
This thesis is focused on ash (Fraxinus excelsior), which is attacked all over Europe by a fungal pathogen called Hymenoscyhpus fraxineus (Baral et al., 2014). However, also other fungal pathogens are attacking ash trees. In this diploma thesis, the consequences of basal infection on ash cultivation are solved. Although we found healthy ash trees genetically resistant to Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, but these ash trees seems appear to be attractive to wood-destroying fungi causing basal infections, according to the results of the work. This finding does not overly record the pan-European idea of establishing seed orchards from trees genetically resistant to H. fraxineus and growing genetically resistant planting material, because the trees that prevent H. fraxineus from attacking are reversed due to the carious roots most often causing Armillaria gallica and Pholiota squarrosa.
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Most important pathogenic fungi in The National Park Bohemian Switzerland
Tiler, Michal ; Pešková, Vítězslava (advisor) ; Šrůtka, Petr (referee)
Abstract
This diploma thesis evaluates about the current state of health of forests in the National Park Czech Switzerland. The aim was explored the most pathogenic fungi found in the national
park and was determined their distribution, meaning a major threat for trees of the area.
The first part describes about the fungal pathogen found in the national park. And presents their description, biology, symptoms of damage and, ultimately, their seriousness and protection. Second part describes the most important trees of the field. In the National Park are the most important spruce, Scots pine, silver fir and hardwoods are mainly beech. The third part describes a self-monitoring and survey identified fungal pathogens based on field research. Important pathogens are from genus Armillaria, types Lophodermium pinastri , Lophodermium seditiosum, Lophodermium piceae, Meloderma desmazieria and Hymenoscyphus fraxineus.
The final section assesses the condition of health of trees. For that assessment was used defoliation. The assessment was performed in stands of spruce, ash and fir. There were assessed 348 specimens with average defoliation of spruce 43.5%, 194 specimens with average ash defoliation 51.2% and for fir´s 71 specimens was average 52.7% defoliation.
Work submitted actual, comprehensive overview about the state of health of forests in the National Park Czech Switzerland in terms of possible danger from fungal pathogens. No fungal species are found currently significantly jeopardizes the health status of assessed trees.
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